Download PHR Certification-----------------PHR Certification and more Exams Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity!
PHR Certification
Accounts Payable - correct answer Money an organization owes its vendors and suppliers. Accounts Receivable - correct answer Money an organization's customers owe the organization. Action Plans - correct answer Detailed steps a unit, department, or team will take in order to achieve short-term objectives. Amendment - correct answer Modification or the Constitution or a law; modification may be either formal (written) or informal (unwritten). Assets - correct answer Financial, physical, and sometiems intangible properties an organization owns. Balance Sheet - correct answer Statement of a firm's financial position at a particular time. Balanced scorecard - correct answer Measurement approach that provides an overall picture of an organization's performance as measured against goals in finance, customers, internal business processes, and learning and growth. Bill - correct answer Proposal presented to a legislative body for possible enactment as a law. Break-even analysis - correct answer Analysis that shows point in time at which total revenue associated with a program is equal to the total cost of the program. Business Case - correct answer Description of an organizational challenge and possible alternative solutions, arguing for specific solution.
Capacity - correct answer To an operations department, the ability to yield output. Cash flow statement - correct answer Record of how much cash is flowing into and out of an organization, including its sources or destinations. Centralization - correct answer Degree to which decision-making authority is restricted to higher levels of management in an organization. Code of ethics - correct answer Principles of conduct within an organization that guide decision making and behavior. Consumer price index - correct answer Measure of the average change over time in the prices paid by consumers for goods and services. Control - correct answer To an operations department, an after-the-fact evaluation of a company's ability to meet its own specifications and its customers' needs. Correlation - correct answer Measure that indicates the relationship between two variables. Cost-benefit analysis - correct answer Ratio of value created to cost of creating that value; allows management to determine the financial impact particular activities and programs have on an organization's profitability. Decentralization - correct answer Degree to which decision-making authority is given to lower levels in an organization's hierarchy. Departmentalization - correct answer Way an organization groups jobs to coordinate work. Divestiture - correct answer Sale by a company of an asset that is not performing well, that is not core to the company's business, or that is worth more as a separate entity.
Formula budgeting - correct answer Form of budgeting in which an average cost is applied to comparable expenses and general funding is changed by a specific amount. Functional structure - correct answer Organizational structure that defines departments by what services they contribute to the organization's overall mission. Gantt chart - correct answer Project planning tool that graphically displays activities of a project in sequential order and plots them against time. Generation X - correct answer Group of people born roughly between the years of 1965 - 1980 Generation Y - correct answer Group of people born after 1980. Gross domestic product (GDP) - correct answer Estimate of the total value of goods and services produced in a country in a given year. Gross profit margin - correct answer Ratio of gross profit to net sales. HR audit - correct answer Process to measure the effectiveness and efficiency of HR programs and positions. Human capital - correct answer Combined knowledge, skills, and experience of a company's employees. Human resource information system (HRIS) - correct answer Systematic tool for gathering, storing, maintaining, retrieving, and revising HR data. Human resource management (HRM) - correct answer Design of formal systems in an organization that ensure the effective and efficient use of human capital to accomplish organizational goals.
Income statement - correct answer Statement comparing revenues, expenses, and profits over a specified period of time, usually a year or a quarter. Incremental budgeting - correct answer Form of budgeting in which the prior budget is the basis for allocation of funds. Inventory - correct answer To an operations department, an organization's major asset after physical buildings and equipment. Key performance indicators (KPIs) - correct answer Quantifiable measures of performances used to gauge progress toward strategic objectives or agreed standards of performance. Liabilities - correct answer Organization's debts and other financial obligations. Line units - correct answer Work groups that conduct the major business of an organization. Long-term objectives - correct answer Specific results, to be accomplished in three to five years, that an organization seeks to achieve in pursuing its mission. Marketing - correct answer Process of planning, pricing, promoting, and distributing goods and services to satisfy organizational objectives. Matrix structure - correct answer Organizational structure that combines departmentalization by division and function to gain the benefits of both. Mean - correct answer Average score or value in a set of data. Median - correct answer Middle point above and below which 50% of scores in a set of data lie.
Project - correct answer Series of tasks and activities that has a stated goal and objectives, a schedule with defined start and end dates, and a budget that sets limits on the use of monetary and human resources. Promotion - correct answer Techniques for communicating information about products to consumers. Public comment period - correct answer Time allowed for the public to express its views and concerns regarding an action of a regulatory agency. Qualitative analysis - correct answer Based on research that supplies non-numeric data, for example, through the use of interviews, open-ended survey questions, and other methods that gather attitudes, opinions, and feelings. Quantitative analysis - correct answer Seeks to obtain easily quantifiable data on a limited number of measurement points. Quorum - correct answer Number of members of an organization that have to be present before official business may be conducted. Range - correct answer Distance between highest and lowest scores in a set of data. Regression analysis - correct answer Statistical method used to predict a variable from one or more predictor variables. Regulation - correct answer Rule or order issued by a government agency; often has the force of law. Reliability - correct answer Ability of an instrument to measure consistently. Request for proposal (RFP) - correct answer Written request asking vendors to propose solutions and prices that fit a customer's requirements.
Research and development (R&D) - correct answer That part of an organization charged with designing and developing products, processes, and services to meet market needs. Resolution - correct answer Legislative measure limited in effect to either the Congress or one of its chambers. Return on investment (ROI) - correct answer Ratio of incremental value (value received minus cost to create value) of an investment to its cost multipled by 100%; measures the economic return on a project or investment. Sales - correct answer Business function responsible for selling an organization's product to the marketplace. Sample - correct answer Portion of a population used to draw conclusions regarding an entire population. Sarbanes - Oxley Act (SOX) - correct answer Act that changed corporate governance and reporting standards and underscored board of director's responsibility to help ensure financial accountability, accuracy, and compliance. Scheduling - correct answer To an operations department, the act of detailed planning; based upon incoming orders, order history, and forecasts of future demand. Secondary research - correct answer Uses data already gathered by others and reported in various sources. Short-term objectives - correct answer Milestones that must be achieved, usually within six months to one year, in order to reach long-term objectives. Span of control - correct answer Refers to the number of individuals who report to a supervisor.
Vision statement - correct answer Vivid, guiding image or an organization's desired future. Zero-based budgeting - correct answer Form of budgeting that requires that expenditures be justified for each new period. ADA Amendments Act (ADAAA) - correct answer Amendments to Americans with Disabilities Act covering the definition of individuals regarded as having a disability, mitigating measures, and other rules of construction to guide the analysis of what constitutes a disability. Adverse impact - correct answer Occurs when the selection rate for an employment decision works to the disadvantage of a protected class; also known as disparate impact. Affirmative action (AA) - correct answer Practice in which employers make efforts to increase the presence of women, miniorities, covered veterans, and disabled individuals in the workplace and take positive steps to correct their underutilization. Affirmative action plans (AAPs) - correct answer Written plans that outline an organization's programs, policies, and procedures for proactively ensuring equal opportunity in all aspects of employment, such as recruiting, hiring, training, promoting, and compensating. Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) - correct answer Act that prohibits discrimination in employment for persons age 40 and over. Albemarle Paper v. Moody - correct answer 1975 court ruling that items used to validate employment requirements must be job related. Alternative staffing - correct answer Use of alternative recruiting sources and workers who are not regular employees; also know as flexible staffing. Amerians with Disabilities Act (ADA) - correct answer Act that prohibits discrimination against a qualified individual with a disability because of his/her disability.
Aptitude tests - correct answer Tests that measure the general ability or capacity to learn or acquire a new skill. Assessment centers - correct answer Method of evaluating candidates using content-valid work samples of a job; typically for managerial positions. Availability analysis - correct answer Analysis in which organization considers internal and external availability in determining theoretical availability of minorities and women for established job groups. Behavioral interview - correct answer Type of interview that focuses on how applicant previously handled real situations. Bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ) - correct answer Situation in which religion, sex, or national orgin is reasonably necessary to carry out a particular job function in the normal operations of an organization. City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Company - correct answer 1989 Court ruling that the numerical quota system of Richmond, VA was unconstitutional because the city had not laid the proper groundwork and had not adequately identified or documented discrimination. Civil Rights of 1964 - correct answer First comprehensive US law making it illegal to discriminate on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national orgin. Civil Rights Act of 1991 - correct answer Act that expands the possible damage awards available to victims of intentional discrimination to include compensatory and punitive damages; gives plaintiffs in cases of alleged discrimination the right to a jury trial. Closed questions - correct answer Questions that can usually be answered with yes or no.
Corporate management compliance evaluation (CMCE) - correct answer Evaluation designed to ensure that qualified minorities and women do not encounter artificial barriers to future advancement into mid-level and senior corporate management. Criterion-related validity - correct answer Refers to the link between a selection device and job performance. Cultural noise - correct answer Failure to recognize responses of a candidate that are socially acceptable rather than factual. Delphi technique - correct answer Forecasting technique that progressively collects information from a group without physically assembling the contributors. Directive interview - correct answer Type of interview in which interviewer poses specific questions to a candidate and keeps control. Disability - correct answer Physical or mental impairment that substantially limits major life activities. Disparate impact - correct answer Occurs when the selection rate for an employment decision works to the disadvantage of a protected class; also known as adverse impact. Disparate treatment - correct answer Occurs when protected classes are intentiionally treated differently from other employees or are evaluated by different standards. Ellerth v. Burlington Northern Industries - correct answer Court ruling that distinguished between supervisor harassment that results in tangible employment action and supervisor harassment that does not. Employee Polygraph Protection Act - correct answer Act that generally prevents employers engaged in or affecting interstate commerce from using lie detector tests either for preemployment screening or during the course of employment, with certain exemptions.
Employment branding - correct answer Process of positioning an organization as an 'employer of choice' in the labor market. Employment contract - correct answer Agreement between an employer and an employee that explains the employment relationship. Employment offer - correct answer Makes the hiring decision official; should immediately follow the final decision to hire a candidate; formally communicated through an offer letter. Employment practices liability insurance (EPLI) - correct answer Protects employer against claims by workers that their legal rights as employees of the organization have been violated. Employment-at-will - correct answer Common-law principle stating that employers have the right to hire, fire, demote, and promote whomever they choose for any reason unless there is a law or contract to the contrary and employees have the right to quit a job at any time. Essential functions - correct answer Primary job duties that a qualified individual must be able to perform, either with or without accommodation; a function may be considered essential because it is required in a job or because it is highly specialized. e-Verify - correct answer Internet-based verification system that allows employers to verify the employment eligibility of their employees regardless of citizenship. Executive search firms - correct answer External recruiting method; firms seek out candidates, usually for executive, managerial, or professional positions. Exit interview - correct answer Interview conducted when an employee is terminating with an organization in which employee is asked to share views on selected issues. Expatriates - correct answer Collective term for employees sent abroad to work in a country other than where they live.
Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) - correct answer Act that prohibits discrimination against individuals on the basis of their genetic information in both employment and health insurance. Glass ceiling - correct answer Invisible barrier that blocks minorities and women from attaining senior executive positions. Gratz v. Bollinger - correct answer Case in Supreme Court held that University of Michigan's undergraduate admission program was not sufficiently 'narrowly tailored' to consider race as a factor in admission decisions in order to achieve goal of diverse student body. Griggs v. Duke Power - correct answer 1971 case that recognized adverse impact discrimination. Grutter v. Bollinger - correct answer Case in which Supreme Court held that University of Michigan's law school admission program was sufficiently 'narrowly tailored' to consider race as a factor in admission decisions in order to achieve goal of diverse student body. Harris v. Forklift Systems, Inc. - correct answer Court ruling that established 'reasonable person' standard in a sexual harassment case. Honesty/integrity tests - correct answer Measures of applicants' propensity toward undesirable behaviors such as lying, stealing, taking drugs, or abusing alcohol. Host - country nationals (HCNs) - correct answer Employees working in their own countries; also known as local nationals. Hostile environment harassment - correct answer Occurs when sexual or other discriminatory conduct is so severe and pervasive that it interferes with an individual's performance; creates an intimidating, threatening, or humiliating work environment; or perpetuates a situation that affects the employee's psychological well-being.
Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) - correct answer Fundamental body of US immigration law applying to all employers; addresses employment eligibility and employment verification and defines the conditions for the temporary and permanent employment of aliens in the US. Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) - correct answer Act that provides discrimination against job applicants on the basis of national origin or citizenship; establishes penalties for hiring illegal aliens and requires employers to establish each employee's identity and eligibility to work. Independent contractors - correct answer Self - employed individuals hired on a contract basis for specialized services. Inpatriates - correct answer Employees brought in from another country to work in the headquarters country for a specified period. International assignee - correct answer All - encompassing term used to describe anyone on an international assignment. Involuntary termination - correct answer When employers decide to discharge particular employees for cause (e.g., poor performance, violations of employer policy). Job - correct answer Collection of employee activities (tasks) and responsibilities. Job analysis - correct answer Systematic study of jobs to determine what activities (tasks) and responsibilities they include, personal qualifications necessary for performance, conditions under which work is performed, and reporting structure. Job Applicant - correct answer According to EEO regulations, anyone who expresses an interest in employment, regardless of whether that person meets the employer's minimum qualifications for the job. Job bidding - correct answer Internal recruiting method that allows employees to indicate an interest in a position before one becomes available.
Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act - correct answer Act that creates a rolling time frame for filing wage discrimination claims and explands plaintiff field beyond employee who was discriminated against. Local nationals - correct answer Employees working in their own countries; also known as host-country nationals (HCNs) McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green - correct answer Case that established criteria for disparate treatment. McKennon v. Nashville Banner Publishing Co. - correct answer Case in which Supreme Court held that evidence of misconduct acquired after the decision to terminate cannot free an employer from liability, even if the misconduct would have justified terminating the employee. Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson - correct answer Court ruling that first held that sexual harassment violates Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 regardless of whether it is a quid pro quo or hostile environment harassment. Multiple linear regression - correct answer Statistical method that can be used to project future demand; more than one variable is utilized. National origin - correct answer Refers to the country (including those that no longer exist) of one's birth or of one's ancestors' birth. Negative emphasis - correct answer Type of interviewer bias that involves rejecting a candidate on the basis of a small amount of negative information. Nominal group technique - correct answer Group of individuals who meet face-to- face to forecast ideas and assumptions and prioritize issues. Nondirective interview - correct answer Type of interview in which interviewer asks open questions and provides general direction but allows applicant to guide process.
Offer letter - correct answer Document that formally communicates the employment offer, making the hiring decision official. Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Service, Inc. - correct answer Court ruling that same- gender harassment is actionable under Title VII. Open question - correct answer Type of question that typically begins with what, where, why, when, or how. Organizational display - correct answer Part of affirmative action plan that provides a graphical presentation of the organizational units, including their interrelationships. Organizational exit - correct answer Process of managing the way people leave an organization; also referred to as offboarding. Organizational profile - correct answer Provides a numerical depiction of an establishment's staffing pattern to determine if barriers to equal employment opportunity exist within any organizational unit. Organizational unit - correct answer Any discrete component of an organization in which there is a level of supervision responsible and accountable for the selection, compensation, etc., of employees within the unit. Outplacement - correct answer Systematic process by which a laid-off or terminated employee is counseled in the techniques of career self-appraisal and in securing a new job that is appropriate to his or her talents and needs. Outsourcing - correct answer Flexible staffing option in which an independent organization with expertise in operating a specific function contracts with an organization to assume full operational responsibility for the function. Panel interview - correct answer Type of interview in which structured questions are spread across a group; individual who is most competent in the relevant area usually asks the question.
