PSY 210 - Unit 4 Chapter 15: Psychotherapy and its Approaches, Exams of Psychology

A comprehensive overview of psychotherapy, exploring its history, different approaches, and key concepts. It delves into various types of therapy, including insight therapies like psychoanalysis and client-centered therapy, behavioral therapies like systematic desensitization and aversion therapy, and cognitive-behavioral therapy (cbt). The document also examines biomedical therapies, including drug therapy, electroconvulsive therapy, and brain stimulation. It highlights the importance of understanding different therapeutic approaches and their effectiveness in treating psychological disorders.

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PSY 210 - Unit 4 Chapter 15
1. psychotherapy
treatment of any psychological disorder; women more likely to get treatment than
men; only 1/3 of all attected go and get treatment
2.
1880
How long has psychotherapy been around?
3. insight,
behavior,
biomedical
4. Clinical psycholo-
gists
5. Counseling psy-
chologists
3
categories
of
psychotherapy
specialize
in
the
diagnosis
and
treatment
of
psychological
disorders
and
everyday behavioral
problems;
their
training
emphasizes
the
treatment
of
full-
fledged
dis- orders;
must
earn
a
doctoral
degree;
use
either
insight
or
behavioral
approaches;
do psychological testing as well and may conduct
research
specialize
in
the
diagnosis
and
treatment
of
psychological
disorders
and
everyday behavioral
problems;
their
training
is
supposed
to
be
slanted
toward
the
treatment of
everyday
adjustment
problems
in
normal
people;
must
earn
a
doctoral
degree; use
either
insight
or
behavioral
approaches;
do
psychological
testing
as
well
and
may conduct research
6.
Psychiatrists
physicians who specialize in
the
diagnosis and
treatment
of psychological
disor-
ders;
treat
everyday
behavioral
problems;
devote
more
time
to
severe
disorders
and less time to everyday marital family, job, and school
problems; must have
a
M.D.
degree;
more
likely
to
use
psychoanalysis
and
less
likely
to
use
group
therapies or behavior therapies; can prescribe medications
7. Psychiatric
social
works
work as part of a treatment team with a psychologist psychiatrists; traditionally
worked in hospitals and social service agencies; many also provide a wide
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  1. psychotherapy treatment of any psychological disorder; women more likely to get treatment than men; only 1/3 of all attected go and get treatment
  2. 1880 How long has psychotherapy been around?
  3. insight, behavior, biomedical
  4. Clinical psycholo- gists
  5. Counseling psy- chologists 3 categories of psychotherapy specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and everyday behavioral problems; their training emphasizes the treatment of full- fledged dis- orders; must earn a doctoral degree; use either insight or behavioral approaches; do psychological testing as well and may conduct research specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and everyday behavioral problems; their training is supposed to be slanted toward the treatment of everyday adjustment problems in normal people; must earn a doctoral degree; use either insight or behavioral approaches; do psychological testing as well and may conduct research
  6. Psychiatrists physicians who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disor- ders; treat everyday behavioral problems; devote more time to severe disorders and less time to everyday marital family, job, and school problems; must have a M.D. degree; more likely to use psychoanalysis and less likely to use group therapies or behavior therapies; can prescribe medications
  7. Psychiatric social works work as part of a treatment team with a psychologist psychiatrists; traditionally worked in hospitals and social service agencies; many also provide a wide

2 / 14 range of therapeutic services as independent practitioners

  1. Counselor provide therapeutic services; often specialize in particular types of problems, such as vocational counseling, martial counseling, rehabilitation counseling, and drug counseling

4 / 14 process; clients exhibit this because they don't want to face up to the painful, disturbing conflicts that they have buried in their unconscious; analysts must mange it very carefully

  1. Transference occurs when clients start relating to there therapist in ways that mimic critical relationships in their lives; thus, a client might start relating to a therapist as if the therapist were an overprotective mother or a passive spouse

5 / 14

  1. Client-centered therapy developed in the 1940s and 1950s by Carl Rogers, who used a humanistic perspec- tive; an insight therapy that emphasizes providing a supportive emotional climate for clients, who play a major role in determining the pace and direction of their therapy; helps clients realize that they do not have to worry constantly about pleas- ing others and winning acceptance; help people restructure their self-concept to correspond better to reality; try to foster self- acceptance and personal growth
  2. incongruence reality not aligning with perception; Carl Rogers believed that most personal distress is the result of this because it makes people feel threatened by realistic feedback about themselves from others; anxiety about such feedback leads to reliance on defense mechanism, to distortions of reality, and to stifled personal growth; excessive amounts of this is thought to be rooted in clients' over depen- dence on others for approval and acceptance
  3. genuineness, un- conditional pos- tive regard, em- pathy Rogers' 3 main elements to create a client-centered atmosphere
  4. genuineness honest communication
  5. unconditional positive regard nonjudgmental acceptance of the client and very accepting
  6. empathy understanding of the client's point of view
  7. group therapy simultaneous treatment of several clients in a group (usually 4 to 15 participants), where the group members work to assist each other in their treatment;

7 /

  1. couples or mar- tial therapy therapeutic process, and preventing interactions among group members that might be psychological harmful; also therapist often play a relatively subtle role, by staying in the background and focusing mainly on promoting group cohesiveness; saves money and time and are well suited for certain kinds of problems involves the treatment of both partners in a committed, intimate relationship, in which the main focus is on relationship issues; Ex: unhappy because infidelity, dishonesty, financial issues, argue a lot, sexual dysfunction
  2. Family therapy involves the treatment of a family unit as a whole in which the main focus is on family dynamics and communication; Ex: divorce, diagnosis of a child
  3. behavior thera- pies
  4. Systematic de- sensitization involve the application of the principles of learning and conditioning of direct ettorts to change clients' maladaptive behaviors; tries to rid overt behavior; based on two main assumptions: (1) behavior is a product of learning and (2) what has been learned can be unlearned; great for addictions, OCD, phobias, depression behavior therapy devised by Joseph Wolpe in 1958; used to reduce clients' phobic responses; helps clients reduce anxiety and go through the process; process involves three steps: (1) the therapists helps the client build an anxiety hierarchy, (2) training the client in deep muscle realization, (3) client tries to work through the hierarchy, learning to remain relaxed while imagining each stimulus
  5. Exposure clients are confronted with situations they fear so they learn that these situations are really harmless; takes place in a controlled setting and often involve a gradual progression from less-feared to more-feared stimuli; helps with anxiety

8 / disorders

  1. Aversion therapy give stimulus that illicit an undesirable response; controversial/not used much; Ex: Emetic drug for drinking, causes one to throw up; used to threat alcoholism, drug abuse, smoking, shop lifting, gambling, overeating, stuttering
  2. Social skills train- ing

10 / logical disorders; assume that psychological disorders, at least in part, by biological malfunctions 3 biomedical approaches to psychotherapy drug therapy; using drugs for the treatment of psychological disorders 4 major drug groups

11 /

  1. Antipsychotic drugs
  2. Tardvie dyskine- sia
  3. Antidepressant drugs
  4. selective sero- tonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) reduce tension, apprehension, and nervousness; referred to as tranquilizers; Ex: Valium and Xanax; drugs can alleviate anxiety almost immediately, but their ettects are measured in hours; work by binding to GABA synapses; don't want to use long term because can be addictive; symptoms include drowsiness, lightheadedness, cottonmouth, depression, nausea, and constipation used to gradually reduce psychotic symptoms, including hyperactivity, mental confusion, hallucinations, and delusions; Ex: Thorazine and Haldol; used primarily in the treatment of schizophrenia; show an ettect within 2 days to a week; work by binding to dopamine synapses; mostly ettect, 70% respond well; side ettects include drowsiness, muscular rigidity, and tardive dyskinesia; newer drugs called second-generation antipsychotic drugs otter several advantages than the originals; help treat treatment-resistant patients and produce fewer unpleasant side ettect an carry less risk for tardive dyskinesia; but carry some risks like vulnerability to diabetes and cardiovascular problems neurological disorder marked by involuntary writhing and tic-like movements of the mouth, tongue, face, hands or feet; no cure, although spontaneous remission sometimes occurs after discontinuation of antipsychotic medication gradually elevate mood and help bring people out of a depression; Ex: Prozac, Paxal, Zoloth; usually take 1-2 weeks before seeing a reduction in depressive synptoms; bind with serotonin; need to watch out for suicide as a symptom slow reuptake process at serotonin synapses; example of antidepressant drug
  5. Mood stabalziers drugs used to control mood swings in patients with bipolar mood disorders; Ex: Lithium and Valproate; commonly used to treat bipolar; valproate is very

13 /

  1. Electroconvul- created in 1940s; biomedical treatment in which electric shock is used to produce sive therapy (ECT) a cortical seizure accompanied by convulsions; invasive, used for extreme forms of schizophrenia or major depression; not commonly used
  2. Deep brain stim- ulation (DBS)
  3. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
  4. Current trend in treatment implant electrode deep into brain, wire rune from it through neck to pace maker in chest; pinpoints exact area used to treat Parkinsons and people with seizures and extreme forms of depression, OCD; a lot of risks, people awake during brain surgery doesn't require surgery; uses magnets to send pulses to specific parts of the brain to stimulate them; ettective for treating depression a lot of stigma around mental disorders; whites getting more treatment, which could be due to stigmas, health care, price
  5. True True or false: number of people in institutions is decreasing; want to treat people in outpatient
  6. neuroses What were anxiety-dominated disturbances called during Freud's era?
  7. Valium and Xanax
  8. Thorazine and Haldol
    1. Prozac, Paxal, Zoloth
    2. Lithium and Val- proate

14 / popular brand of antianxiety drugs popular brand of antipsychotic drugs popular brand of antidepressants popular brand of mood stabilizers