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PURSUIT COXSWAIN EXAM
RECENTLY UPDATED
OPFOR - ANSWER Opposing Force Operator - drive the non-compliant vessel (NCV)/target of interest (TOI) during pursuit or tactical boat training. The OPFOR operator is designated in writing by the CO/OIC, and is also referred to as "OPFOR" during training OPFOR Operator Roles - ANSWER (01) Enabling trainee success. (02) Assisting in the development and safe execution of the training plan. (03) Ensuring safety distance and Speed/RPM restrictions per unit SOP. (04) Being familiar with the capabilities, limitations, and handling characteristics of all vessels involved in the training. (05) Being able to anticipate trainee errors, and having a means to escape an unsafe situation at any time during training. (06) Ensuring underway drills and exercises are captured in the E-Training System. (07) Maintaining and managing the E-Training System. (08) Ensuring safety broadcast is issued when engaged in weapons live-fire. Safety Observer Roles - ANSWER 01) Observe the local operational area for hazards (e.g., vessels not involved in training, buoys, shallow water areas, deadheads, etc.). (02) Preventing/halting any unsafe actions/situations performed by any of the vessels involved in training. (03) Ensuring that players are operating in the designated training area. (04) Ensuring the OPFOR vessel is acting as the give-way vessel. (05) Scanning the area for safety hazards using all available tools and resources (radar, lookouts, etc.). (06) Conferring with the OPFOR operator and DTs before resuming training. The Crawl/Walk/Run (CWR) training approach - ANSWER an effective risk mitigation tool. CWR ensures effective training and development of skills while
minimizing the risk of training injuries. All exercises advance through a crawl, walk, and run approach during unit level pursuit and tactics training Crawl Phase - ANSWER Existing knowledge of techniques are executed by the trainee as new techniques are introduced, taught, and executed at a lower level of complexity Walk Phase - ANSWER During this phase, trainees practice the new techniques introduced in the Crawl Phase, but with increased complexity, more fluid movement, and less guidance Run Phase - ANSWER Trainees execute the techniques in a "realistic" scenario that is commensurate to their skill level Speed/ Distance/ Maneuvers - ANSWER State max speed, set distance, and anticipate manuevers Actual Casualties - ANSWER 01) Personnel Casualties, (02) Equipment Causalities (ex: loss of propulsion, steering), (03) Helm lock-up/loss of steering., (04) Loss of communication between OPFOR and training boat. (05) Man overboard (person in the water (PIW)). Factors to include for capabilities and limitations - ANSWER 01) Boat construction (size/length) and hull type, (02) Propulsion type, (03) Speed/Horsepower, (04) Ability to maneuver, (05) Equipment Casualties. Trainee Experience - ANSWER Factors to consider for pursuit/tactical coxswains and crew include but are not limited to: (01) Age/maturity level, (02) Coxswain hours, (03) Crew member hours, (04) Time certified as a pursuit/tactical coxswain, (05) Elapsed time since last training evolution, (06) Total time served at a pursuit /tactical unit,
A.15.e. Training Time Out (TTO) - ANSWER Call "Training Time Out (TTO)" to correct the situation of concern, provide clarifying information or to correct a potentially hazardous environment. A TTO may be called by trainees or designated trainers in any training situation where they have safety concerns or they require clarification A.15.f. Roll Call - ANSWER OPFOR operator initiates roll call prior to commencing any tactics/pursuit scenarios. Designated trainers shall ensure that all PPE and crew restraints are in place, kill switch is attached, and boat personnel are ready to train. Designated trainer shall report boat status (ex. "CG 25001 is fully operational, PPE in place with four persons on board (POB) ready to train"). A.15.g. Game On - ANSWER Call 'Game On' after roll call is completed and all participants are ready to begin training, or to return to training after a training time out is used to resolve a situation. A.15.h. Gap, Gap, Gap - ANSWER Use "Gap, Gap, Gap" to alert all boats in training that minimum distances have been violated. Reacting to Over Pursuit / Abrupt Stop - ANSWER Reduce throttle, Modified "S", Outside Loop. Maneuver into OPP / OPF / Echelon - ANSWER Assume OPP / OPF / Echelon as applicable Outside Loop - ANSWER (01) PV conducts outside loop, (02) Call "Outside Loop" on radio, (03) If single unit: regain OPP, (04) If multi-unit: PV assumes SV. Tactical Maneuvering - ANSWER Tactical Maneuvering is the use of a CG boat to engage in vessel-on-vessel operations, regardless of speed, with a non- CG boat (or a training platform acting as a non-CG boat) for PWCS or NCV pursuit
High Value Asset (HVA) - ANSWER HVAs include any landside or waterside asset such as military and commercial vessels, waterfront facilities, military facilities, submarines, or commercial vessels carrying Certain Dangerous Cargoes (CDC) Can gunners wear more than one restraint? - ANSWER No, Personnel shall wear no more than one gunner restraint system at a time High Speed - ANSWER Speed of 30 kts or greater Catching a chine, things to consider - ANSWER (01) No boat is completely immune from hooking a chine. (02) Hooking a chine can only happen at speed. The amount of speed needed will be truly dependent on the hull design, center of gravity, sea state, etc. (03) Every boat is different. Some designs are very prone to hook and some are very hard to hook. Trim Policy - ANSWER When operating at high speed, engines shall be trimmed down (in) before making turns or maneuvers. RBM should be idled up to 1000 RPM The Pursuit Coxswain (PCOXN) - ANSWER Boat Coxswain trained to perform NCVP TTP, including authorized Use of Force (UOF) tactics against Non-Compliant Vessels, while performing NCVP activities. PCOXNs are assigned to shore-based units classified as Pursuit Level IV or to cutters with boats assigned pursuit competencies in Reference (d). The PCOXN shall operate the boat during all vessel-on-vessel engagements The Pursuit Boat Crew Member (PBCM) - ANSWER a boat crew member trained to effectively deliver warning shots, disabling fire, and cover fire against NCVs. PBCMs are assigned to shore-based units classified as Pursuit Level IV Units or to major cutters with boats assigned pursuit competencies in accordance with Reference (d). The PBCM shall perform the functions of the gunner during all vessel-on-vessel engagements The Pursuit Mission Commander (PMC) - ANSWER the designated law enforcement team leader assigned to cutter boats with a NCVP capability
Employ Lines, Nets or Entanglers - ANSWER This tactic can be employed by RBs by placing some form of floating line or nets in the water across the track of the NCV or into the propeller/rudder area. The hull suction of the NCV may pull a line into their propeller or jet. Approved Running Gear Entanglement System (RGES) requires specific training and specific employment TTP prior to use. Prior to the deployment of entanglement systems, multiple units in pursuit shall communicate and assume Echelon Formation Sever or Disconnect Fuel Lines - ANSWER Boat crews may have the opportunity to sever or disconnect fuel lines. Crews may not cross the gunwale to accomplish this while both boats are moving. Use of the boat hook is recommended Shouldering - ANSWER a Step III tactic in accordance with References (k) and (p) and is a method used to physically force a NCV to stop or change course. The goal of shouldering is to contact a NCV with enough force to drive it in a new direction and prevent it from traveling on its intended course, or to compel compliance with orders to stop. When the shouldering tactic is employed, contact between vessels is initiated by the RB not the NCV Shouldering may lead to - ANSWER unintentional structural damage, vessel capsizing, or bodily injury. Some factors to consider include the size of the RB compared to the suspect vessel and current weather conditions (i.e., sea state, wind direction, and speed). Assess the suitability of this tactic based on risk and expected effectiveness. If the risk is higher than expected effectiveness under the circumstances, then reject this tactic Ramming - ANSWER the act of aggressively making contact with the NCV, shall be used only as an act of self-defense or as a last resort to protect the HVA from an act of terrorism Step IV Disable - ANSWER The Remington Model 870 shotgun with copper sabot slugs is the preferred weapon for delivering disabling fire against outboard engines
A crew member shall - ANSWER provide cover for the TBCM/PBCM while they are engaged in delivery of disabling or warning shots in the event the NCV displays hostile actions Warning Shots - ANSWER M870 LA51 Step II Optimum lateral distance = 25 yds 30 - 50 yds off of the NCV bow M16/M Optimum lateral distance = LESS than 25 yds 50 yds off of the NCV bow Disabling Fire - ANSWER M870 Copper Sabot Step IV Optimum Lateral distance = LESS than 25 yds Target outboard/outdrive M16/M LESS than 25 yds Target outboard/outdrive Stop VPIT Deadly Force - ANSWER VPIT Effective Range: M16 = Less than 600 yds M240 Less than 875 yds Target = Pilothouse, bridge, engine compartment RBs may be constrained in their ability to engage a Vessel Posing an Imminent Threat (VPIT) or NCV by a number of factors, including - ANSWER (01) Lack of mobility in narrow/shallow waterways, (02) Effects of tides and currents, (03) Stability of RB, (04) Distance to the target, (05) Danger of collateral damage/unintended targets, (06) Firing arcs of installed weapons, (07) Restricted Field of Fire, (08) Weather
(10) Emergency situations, (11) Weapons carriage requirement, posture and safety, (12) Intel received, (13) Unit/individual self-defense issues, (14) Awareness of other agencies, (15) NCVP is likely to require equipment not normally included in the boat outfit (i.e: spare PFDs, NVDs, parachute flares, battery operated spotlights, etc.). Crews should ensure that the additional equipment is onboard prior to launching, (16) Boarding of NCV. Mission Shift and MOB Procedures - ANSWER The safety of life always takes precedence over NCVP activities Procedures for a MOB from a PV/SV - ANSWER If either of the RBs experiences an MOB, the RBs shall coordinate the response for one or both RBs to shift to SAR mission execution until the Person in the Water (PIW) is recovered. Procedures: (01) The first person that sees an MOB reports "man overboard off PV/SV" to the PCOXN and on VHF to other boats on-scene. (02) One or both vessels immediately turn outboard (in a safe direction) of each other. All Stop should be taken into consideration as well to ensure the safety of both vessels and the MOB. (03) Follow the standard MOB procedures covered in Reference (g). All notifications shall be made to TACON or cutter CO. (04) The PCOXN determines if pursuit should continue after consulting TACON or cutter CO Procedures for a MOB from a NCV - ANSWER In the event a NCV experiences a MOB, the PV shall shift to SAR mission execution and recover the PIW. Procedures: (01) Whoever sees the MOB announces "man overboard off NCV," then keeps track of the MOB and subject vessel. (02) MOB incidents shall be reported to TACON or cutter CO as soon as possible.
(03) The crew approaches the MOB with weapons drawn while assessing for possible threats. (04) Retrieve MOB. (05) Cuff, frisk, and place in Personal Floatation Device (PFD). (06) The PCOXN determines if pursuit should continue after consulting TACON or cutter CO Procedures for a MOB from a NCV with Two RBs - ANSWER If conducting operations with two RBs, the PV continues pursuit while SV shifts to SAR mission execution and recovers the PIW. Procedures: (01) Whoever sees the MOB announces "man overboard off NCV" then keeps track of the MOB and subject vessel. (02) The RBs shall coordinate the response for one or both PV's to shift to SAR mission execution until the PIW is recovered. (03) MOB incidents shall be reported to TACON as soon as possible. (04) SV approaches MOB with weapons drawn and assess threat. (05) Retrieve MOB. (06) Cuff, frisk, and place in PFD. (07) The PCOXN determines if pursuit may continue after consulting TACON or cutter CO. The speed at which the pursuit takes place depends upon the capabilities of the NCV. - ANSWER As long as the PV speed is comparable to that of the NCV, pursuit tactics described herein should be effective. If the NCV is capable of greater speed, additional resources (faster units and/or airborne assets) may be required. Regardless of speed, RBs should endeavor to maintain contact and surveillance using all available means, making every effort to provide the actual course and speed for additional responding assets capable of interception When USCG personnel in a boat are confronted with a self-defense situation.. - ANSWER the NCV UOF steps do not apply and USCG personnel in the boat may exercise self-defense in accordance with Reference (k). While units and personnel are not required to retreat to avoid law enforcement situations justifying the use of force, including deadly force, retreat may be an option and may be the most reasonable choice under the circumstances
AMIO - ANSWER Alien Migrant Interdiction Operations Civil or military actions taken to prevent alien migrants from illegally entering the United States. Collateral Damage - ANSWER Injury or destruction of people, property or equipment not related to the mission as a result of lawful Use of Force directed at a target, vessel or person. Cover Fire - ANSWER The delivery of weapons fire to protect the PBCM from imminent threat of death or bodily injury. Crew Restraint System - ANSWER These systems, covered in specific Boat Operator's Handbooks, are approved safety devices designed to help protect crewmembers from injury and include, but are not limited to, Quick Release Seatbelts, Seatbelts, Foot Straps, and the gunner restraint system. Jurisdiction - ANSWER The government's right to exercise legal authority over its persons, vessels, and territory. Within the context of Maritime Law Enforcement, jurisdiction is comprised of three elements: substantive law, vessel status/flag, and location. Operational Commander - ANSWER One who exercises direct operational control of a boat force unit, e.g. Sectors, Air Stations, Deployable Operations Group, Districts, Areas, etc. This definition does not include a Station CO/OIC exercising operational control of a Station (small). CG 731 may authorize specific staff of training centers (and other unique facilities) to serve the functional role of Unit Commander and Operational Commander for purposes outlined in BOAT manuals. Operational Control (OPCON) - ANSWER Transferable command authority that may be exercised by commanders at any level at or below the level of Area Commander. OPCON is inherent in area command (command authority). OPCON may be delegated and is the authority to perform those functions of command over subordinate forces involving organizing and employing commands and forces, assigning tasks, designating objectives, and giving
authoritative direction necessary to accomplish the mission. (See also Tactical control.) Operational Order (OPORD) - ANSWER A directive issued by a commander to subordinate commanders for the purpose of effecting the coordinated execution of an operation. Over Pursuit - ANSWER Over pursuit occurs when a Response Boat's pivot point is abeam or forward of the NCV's pivot point, the result of which is lost tactical advantage. Patrol Commander (PATCOM) - ANSWER The Patrol Commander (PATCOM) is designated by TACON to handle the on-scene organization of larger operations. PATCOM could be filled by the Commanding Officer (CO) of a cutter, a member of the local Marine Safety Office (MSO) or Group/Sector, or the senior Coxswain operating a Response Boat (RB). The PATCOM's primary responsibility is to continually update TACON with the on-scene conditions and position available RBs in the most advantageous locations to ensure the HVA's protection. Rapid Acceleration - ANSWER Rapid acceleration is a term used to describe an acceleration speed when the throttle position is increased much faster than the engines are capable of increasing their speed. Shadow - ANSWER Tactical boat maneuvers where an RB inside a SZ maintains a position between a transiting TOI outside the SZ and the protected HVA. Statement of No Objection (SNO) - ANSWER The means by which a CG Flag Officer informs a subordinate commander that the Flag Officer does not object to the proposed use of the subordinate commander's lawful discretion and authority. Target of Interest (TOI) - ANSWER Any contact (vessel or aircraft) that poses a possible threat to a law enforcement unit or protected asset. TOI is a specific target of interest:
- A vessel or aircraft meeting established criteria of law enforcement interest.
