REPORTED SPEECH
DRA. MARÍA UXÚA ALONSO FRESÁN
UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DEL ESTADO DE MÉXICO
FACULTAD DE MEDICINA VETERINARIA Y ZOOTECNIA
LICENCIATURA EN MEDICINA VETERINARIA Y ZOOTECNIA
UNIDAD DE APRENDIZAJE DE INGLÉS 8
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Direct speech is what people actually say. • Indirect speech (reported speech) is how we later report the words the speaker originally used.
Typology: Study notes
2021/2022
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REPORTED SPEECH
D R A. M A R Í A U X Ú A A L O N S O F R E S Á N UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DEL ESTADO DE MÉXICO FACULTAD DE MEDICINA VETERINARIA Y ZOOTECNIA LICENCIATURA EN MEDICINA VETERINARIA Y ZOOTECNIA UNIDAD DE APRENDIZAJE DE INGLÉS 8
INTRODUCTION
- Direct speech is what people actually say
- Indirect speech (reported speech) is how we later report the words the speaker originally used.
- To make this changes appropriately, we haVe to consider the context in which we report: who are we speaking to, who said what and if what was said is still true.
- Reported speech includes reports of what was written and thought as well as spoken.
USE
- Reported speech is used:
- When we are interested not in the words that were chosen, but in the information given
- It is found in newspaper reports, fiction, talking or writing about conversation, reports, articles or speeches
USE
- Occasionally, we don't need to change the present tense into the past if the information in direct speech is still true (but this is only for things which are general facts, and even then usually we like to change the tense): Direct speech: The sky is blue. Reported speech: She said (that) the sky is/was blue.
PATTERNS OF REPORTING VERBS
• TELL
tell + someone + (that) + clause e.g. I told John (that) I had seen the new film. (The direct speech for this is "I've seen the new film".) When we are reporting orders, we can also use another pattern with 'tell': tell + someone + to + infinitive e.g. She told the children to go to bed.
PATTERNS OF REPORTING VERBS
- ASK We use 'ask' to report questions or requests. For questions we use the pattern: ask + someone + if / question word + clause e.g. I asked my boss if I could leave early. She asked them where the station was. For requests we use the pattern: ask + someone + to + infinitive e.g. I asked Lucy to pass me the salt.
TENSE CHANGES
Tense Direct Speech Reported Speech Will I'll see you later She said (that) she would see me later. would* I would help, but.. She said (that) she would help but... Can I can speak perfect English She said (that) she could speak perfect English. could* I could swim when I was four She said (that) she could swim when she was four. Shall I shall come later She said (that) she would come later. should* I should call my mother She said (that) she should call her mother might* I might be late She said (that) she might be late Must I must study at the weekend She said (that) she must study at the weekend OR She said she had to study at the weekend
QUESTIONS IN REPORTED SPEECH
Word order: The word order in a reported question is the same as in a statement. The subject comes before the verb. Question: Are you ready? Statement: I am ready Question in reported speech: She wanted to know if I was ready.
PLACE AND TIME
Changes in the situation between direct and reported speech can result in changes to words indicating place and time. Quotation “I don’t like this book.” “I’ll see you tomorrow.” (spoken on Thursday) Reported Speech Jaime said he didn’t like that book. Michiko said she would see me yesterday. (reported on Saturday)
RECOMMEND AND SUGGEST
The subjunctive, or base, form of the verb (no tense, without to) is used in reported speech when the main verb is recommend or suggest. Quotation “You should arrive early.” “Don’t wait to apply.” “Kathy should call me.” Reported Speech John recommended that we arrive early. Anna recommended that I not wait to apply. I will suggest that Kathy call you.”
INFINITIVES
Requests for action or permission can be reported two ways: A noun clause with if An infinitive Quotation “Will you carry the box for me?” “Can I make an appointment? Reported Speech She asked me if I would carry the box for her. She asked me to carry the box for her. Jim asked if he could make an appointment. J im asked to make an appointment.
IDENTIFY DIRECT AND INDIRECT
SPEECH
Falla and Davies, 2012