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RID ASSESSMENT
QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+ 2025- 2026
RID - ANS-Radial immunodiffusion RID kit is intended for measurement of human ______ in ______. - ANS-igG, igA, or igM in serum or other biological fluids. In this lab you will be ________. - ANS-quantitating igG The method involves antigen (____________) diffusing radially from a cylindrical well through an agars gel containing a ___________. - ANS-(igG protein in the sample) ; monospecific antibody to igG protein. ______ complexes are formed which, under the right conditions, will form a ________. - ANS-antigen-antibody; precipitin ring The ring size will increase until EQUILIBRIUM is reached between the formation of these complexes. This is called______ or _____. - ANS-"point of completion" or "zone of equivalence" At "point of completion" or "zone of equivalence" a relationship exists between the __________ and _______ and the______. - ANS-square of the ring AND diameter AND THE antigen concentration.
By measuring the ring diameters produced by a number of samples of KNOWN CONCENTRATION, a ________ can be constructed. - ANS-calibration curve Measuring the ring diameter produced by a sample and reading off a CALIBRATION CURVE may then determine the ____________ in an UNKNOWN sample. - ANS- concentration of the antigen igG. Precipitation involves combination of _________ with ______ to produce ______ that are visible. - ANS-soluble antigen WITH soluble antibody TO PRODUCE insoluble complexes. Agglutination, the technique used to identify ______ involves ________ that aggregate to form larger complexes. - ANS-red cell antigens ; particulate antigens _______ methods are commonly used in the laboratory - ANS-precipitation Procedures that are automated and results can be determined in less time. - ANS- Nephelometry and Turbimetry _________ has largely replaced RID in determining_______. - ANS-Immunofixation electrophoresis ; serum immunoglobulin levels RID. Replace lid and incubate at _________ a minimum of _______. - ANS-room temperature; 48-72 hours. Measure the ring diameter tot he nearest ________. Record each value. - ANS-0.1mm _______ the value of the ring diameters for the ______. - ANS-Square ; calibrators Use the graphing paper to plot the ________. - ANS-calibrator values The ______ should be along the horizontal X axis and the ______ should be along the vertical Y axis. - ANS-immunoglobulin concentrations ; ring diameters
What is the difference between precipitation and agglutination? - ANS-precipitation= antigen-antibody reaction where both are soluble, forms a complex that precipitates (insoluble) agglutination= crosslinking INSOLUBLE antigen with corresponding antibody and the observed clumping. For double diffusion, explain what identity, partial identity and non identity indicate. - ANS-identity= two lines fused (V) partial identity= partial fusion (spur) non identity= no fusion (X) Is RID quantitative or qualitative? - ANS-quantitative define prozone and postzone - ANS-prozone= excess antibody postzone= excess antigen Can you get a false POSITIVE result from a prozone or postpone issue? - ANS-NO, only false NEGATIVE RID stands for - ANS-Radial immunodiffusion what type of gel is used? - ANS-agarous gel where is antibody and where is antigen? - ANS-antibody is in gel and antigen is in well. What is the Ab in this test and what is the antigen? - ANS-Ab= anti-igG antigen= igG Precipitation techniques: _____ antigen and antibody. - ANS-soluble
precipitation techniques: ________ on antigen - ANS-multiple epitopes Precipitation techniques: precipitation occurs when the _______ is the same. - ANS- specificity precipitation techniques: Can be used to ______ and/or _________ and antigen or antibody (quantitative or qualitative) - ANS-identify and/ or quantitate precipitation techniques: Visible, NONREVERSABLE precipitates occur at the _________.
- ANS-zone of equivalence prozone - ANS-excess antibody postzone - ANS-excess antigen Immunodeficiency-precipitation methods: immunodiffusion: (2) - ANS-Double diffusion (Ouchterlony)- qualitative (+ or - ) Radial immunodiffusion - quantitative immunodiffusion: ________ medium - ANS-semi-solid immunodiffusion: Gel contains ______ which allows movement of molecules - ANS- pores immunodiffusion: antigen and antibody move until the ________ concentration is formed to create a _____. - ANS-optimum concentration; lattice immunodiffusion: _________ and ______ determines the RATE of diffusion. - ANS- molecular size (smaller) and temperature (high) double diffusion aka - ANS-ouchterlony
if patient is outside of calibrator limits, the test must be REPEATED using a ______. - ANS-dilution factor in the RID experiment, the Ab is______ and the antigen is ______ from the patient. - ANS-Anti-igG; igG The ____ of the ring is proportional to the amount of _____. - ANS-size; igG An _____ can act like an antigen. - ANS-antibody An antibody has a constant region that can react with an antibody specific for that _______. - ANS-isotype The _____ then serves as the _____. - ANS-antibody ; antigen In RID we measure _____ by reacting it with an ____ in the gel. - ANS-igG; anti-igG High igG levels - ANS-chronic liver disease chronic infections, multiple sclerosis SLE multiple myeloma low igG levels - ANS-immunodeficiencies chronic lymphocytic leukemia immunosupressive therapy RID application - ANS--quatification of complement proteins (C5)
- immunoglobulins
- proteins associated with mixed connective disease
RID technical errors - ANS--filling of wells
- labeling of wells
- cutting agar
- calculations
- level incubation
- temperature
