Russian Revolution Notes, Exercises of Russian Culture

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9th Grade World History

RISE OF COMMUNISM AND

THE SOVIET UNION

STANDARDS

• SSWH18 Examine the major political and economic factors that shaped world societies between World War I and World War II.
• 18a. Determine the causes and results of the Russian Revolution from the rise of the Bolsheviks under Lenin to Stalin’s first Five Year Plan.

CZAR ALEXANDER III CZAR NICHOLAS II

THE ROAD TO REVOLUTION:

RUSSIA INDUSTRIALIZES

• Number of factories doubles between 1863 & 1900
• Higher taxes & foreign investors financed industrial growth
• Became world’s 4 th - ranking steel producer by 1900
• Industrialization led to unhealthy working conditions, poor wages, child labor
• These conditions caused workers to organize strikes

THE ROAD TO REVOLUTION:

MORE PROBLEMS AT HOME & ABROAD

• Russia defeated by Japan in Russo-Japanese War
• Bloody Sunday (1/22/1905): workers approached czar’s winter palace in St. Petersburg to ask for better working conditions, elected legislature, & personal freedoms; Russian soldiers fired into the crowd killing/wounding over 1,
• Bloody Sunday led to more strikes & violence all over Russia
• Nicholas II agreed to create the Duma (legislature) but dissolved after 10 weeks

• BLOODY SUNDAY REVOLUTION-MARCH

THE ROAD TO REVOLUTION:

THE CZARINA & RASPUTIN

• Nicholas II took command of the military & left Alexandra to rule
• She allowed Rasputin (a self-proclaimed “holy man”) to help her rule because he seemed to have power to make her ill son feel better
• He was murdered by nobles who thought he had too much power

Czar Nicholas II & Family Grigory Rasputin

• V.I. Lenin

CIVIL WAR

• Bolsheviks sign treaty of Brest-Litovsk (March 1918) to pull Russia out of war
• Many Russians object to Bolshevik policies & murder of the Royal Family leading to civil war
• White Army (czarists, proponents of democracy, anti-Lenin socialists) vs. Red Army (Bolsheviks)
• 14 million Russians died from fighting, hunger, & flu epidemic but the Bolsheviks maintained power
• Lenin reformed economy with his New Economic Policy (NEP) allowing some private ownership, selling of crops, and foreign investment.

STALIN’S TOTALITARIAN STATE

• Joseph Stalin became general secretary of the Communist Party and ruled Russia until 1953
• A totalitarian state: form of government in which the national government takes control of all aspects of public & private life - Police state-secret police used force, wire taps, read mail, informers, execution of millions of “traitors” - Great Purge: execution or imprisonment of anyone who threatened Stalin’s power; possibly 8 to 13 million deaths - Government control of all media - Writers, composers, artists had to conform to state views (no individual creativity) - Government control of all education to train future Party members - Communists worked to remove religion & the Russian Orthodox Church

STALIN’S TOTALITARIAN STATE

Joseph Stalin Socialist Realism: Roses for Stalin by Boris Vladimirski 1949 Steel Workers by V. Malagis 1950 Sabre Dance by Aram Khachaturian