Sentences - Supervision - Lecture Slides, Slides of Business Management and Analysis

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Sentences

Sentences: Complete and Otherwise

• Sentences are composed of phrases and

clauses.

• A phrase is a group of related words that does not contain a subject and a verb.
• A clause is a group of related words that does contain a subject and a verb.

Clauses

• There are two types of clauses, and clause

type is determined by conjunction type:

• Main clauses begin with coordinating conjunctions or none.
• Subordinate clauses begin with subordinating conjunctions.

Conjunctions and imitators

• Coordinating conjunctions don't alter the grammatical rank of the words or word groups that they connect: - for, - and, - but, - or, - nor, - so, - yet

• "Subordinate" implies dependence on the

main clause, suggesting a hierarchy in

terms of both grammar and meaning:

• main ideas in main clauses and subsidiary ideas in subordinate clauses will communicate most clearly.
• Note that subordinating conjunctions are extremely useful when they're used correctly because they explain how ideas relate.

Here's a partial list of subordinators:

• after,
• although,
• as,
• because,
• before,
• if,
• once,
• since,
  • though,
  • unless,
  • until,
  • when,
  • whenever,
  • where,
  • wherever,
  • while.

• Thus, they are fine transition tools, but they

cannot replace conjunctions in sentence

structure and function.

• This partial list will give you an idea of

common adverbial conjunctives:

• however,
• therefore,
• thus,
• consequently,
• furthermore.

• Subordinators may also be phrases:
  • as if,
  • as soon as,
  • as though,
  • even though,
  • in that,
  • in order that,
  • no matter how,
  • so that.

Sentences

• Main clauses may stand alone as complete

sentences, which is why they're also called

"independent clauses."

• When they are combined in a sentence, they must be connected by coordinating conjunctions or semicolons in order to form correct sentences.

• Every sentence, therefore, must have at least

one main clause.

• Incomplete sentences
  • Run-ons : main clauses without appropriate conjunctions
  • Fragments : no main clauses

• Compound : more than one main clause, no

subordinate clauses

• Compound/complex : more than one main

clause, at least one subordinate clause

EXERCISE: Identify the sentence

types.

• Frogs hop.

• Puerto Rican tree frogs live in

bromeliads.

• Looking for salamanders involves

turning over rotten logs, handling

numerous slimy things, and frequently

getting wet.