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SDM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY, Dharwad-
(An autonomous Institution affiliated to
Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum – 590018)
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
A report on the mini-project entitled
“SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS”
Conducted by
Mr. Babanna Kumbar - 2SD13EC Mr. Basavaraj Galagi - 2SD13EC Mr. Bheemashankar - 2SD13EC Mr. Naveen Honnalli - 2SD13EC Students of 6 th semester
Under the guidance of
Mr. Kotresh Marali
Department of E&CE,
SDM College of Engineering & Technology, Dharwad
During the academic year 2015-16 & submitted in May 2016.
SDM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY, Dharwad-
(An autonomous Institution affiliated to
Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum – 590018)
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
A report on the mini-project entitled
“SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS”
Conducted by
Mr. Babanna Kumbar - 2SD13EC
Mr. Basavaraj Galagi - 2SD13EC
Mr. Bheemashankar - 2SD13EC
Mr. Naveen Honnalli - 2SD13EC
Students of 6 th semester
Under the guidance of
Mr. Kotresh Marali
Professor, Department of E&CE,
SDM College of Engineering & Technology, Dharwad
During the academic year 2015-16 & submitted in May 2016.
SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS ACKNOWLEDGMENT The completion of any project depends upon cooperation, co-ordination and combined efforts of several sources of knowledge. This report acknowledges a number of guidance, supervision, stimulation and lot of inspiration from numerous people. First of all, we thank the almighty for the blessings that have been showered upon us to complete this project work successfully. It is our privilege to express our sincerest regards to our project guide Prof. Kotresh Marali for his valuable inputs, able guidance, encouragement, whole-hearted cooperation and constructive criticism throughout the duration of our project. We are thankful to Prof. Mayur Patil , Assistance Professor, Department of Computer Science Engineering and Prof. Govind Negalur , Assistance Professor, Department of Computer Science Engineering, for supporting us to provide necessary resources. We are thankful to Prof. Dr. Gopal A Bidkar, H.O.D of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SDMCET Dharwad, for supporting us to carry out this work successfully and extending the resources of the department. Our grateful regards to Prof. Dr. S.B Vanakudre , Principal, SDMCET, Dharwad for his constant support and motivation. We take the opportunity to thank all our lectures who have directly or indirectly helped our project. We pay our respects and love to our parents and all other family members and friends for their love encouragement throughout our career. Last but not the least we express our thanks to our friends for their cooperation and support. Mr. Babanna Kumbar Mr. Basavaraj Galagi Mr. Bheemashankar Mr. Naveen Honnalli Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, SDMCET, Dharwad
INDEX
1. INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE SURVEY
1.1 Introduction
India is the country of village and agriculture plays an important role for development of country. In our country, agriculture depends on the monsoons which has insufficient source of water. So the irrigation is used in agriculture field. In Irrigation system, depending upon the soil type, water is provided to plant. In agriculture, two things are very important, first to get information of about the fertility of soil and second to measure moisture content in soil. Nowadays, for irrigation, different techniques are available which are used to reduce the dependency of rain. And mostly this technique is driven by electrical power and on/off scheduling. In this technique, water level indicator placed in water reservoir and soil moisture sensors are placed root zone of plant and near the module and gateway unit handles the sensor information and transmit data to the controller which in turns the control the flow of water through the valves.
1.2 Motivation
For continuously increasing demand and decrease in supply of food necessities, it’s important to rapid improvement in production of food technology. Agriculture is only the source to provide this. This is the important factor in human societies to growing and dynamic demand in food production. Agriculture plays the important role in the economy and development, like India. Due to lack of water and scarcity of land water result the decreasing volume of water on earth, the farmer use irrigation. Irrigation may be defined as the science of artificial application of water to the land or soil that means depending on the soil type, plant are to be provided with water. 1.3 Area of Utility The primary focus of this project is to help the farmers and reduce their work. This module can be implemented in perennial plant irrigation land and gardening land. 1
1.4 Literature Survey
In irrigation field, soil moisture sensor, temperature sensors are placed in root of plant and microcontroller handles the sensor information and transmits data. One algorithm was developed to measure threshold values of temperature sensor and soil moisture sensor that was programmed into a microcontroller to control water quantity. A model of automatic irrigation system which is based on microcontroller and solar power was used only for source of power supply. Various sensors are placed in paddy field. Sensors sense water level continuously and give the information to farmer through cellular phone. Farmer controls the motor using cellular phone without going in paddy field. If the water level reaches at danger level, automatically motor will be off without conformation of farmer. 2
or the clusterhead could be connected to internet. This leads to more abstract architecture for communication protocols which ranges from high level to low level. Most interestingly, these devices must be uniquely discovered. For unique discovery of the devices in a Network, they need to have unique IP address. IoT devices essentially have IPv6 addressing scheme. All these devices have either fixed or Subnet masked IP addresses of type v6. Unique IP addresses makes IoT devices discoverable in the internet as independent node. This is the most important concept to have in mind to understand IoT. Following figure.2.1 explain what IoT is all about. Figure 2.1 Internet of Things (IoT) Basic Architecture
2.3 What Devices Makes it to IoT
Since IoT are essentially embedded systems and smart objects connected to internet with unique IP address which can be discovered and communicated over internet. We have also seen that the IoT devices may have external peripheral like Actuators and Sensors. 4
2.3.1 Are Mobile Phones are IoT Devices
One of the most common in day to day life are mobile phones. Mobile phone is essentially an embedded system with a processor at the core having display and keypad. They support wide variety of sensors like ambient light Sensors, Accelerometer, Gyroscope and so on. They are connected to internet. Mobile phones gets IP addresses, can access internet. In other words it virtually fits every description of IoT. So can we call mobile phones IoT devices? This doubt was clarified at a keynote event during Sept 2011's Mobile World Congress in Barcelona by Qualcomm Chairman and CEO Dr. Paul Jacobs. Paul Jacobs talked about how mobile technology could be used to connect non- phone, non-tablet devices called IoT devices and objects to the Internet. In this future where everything is Web-connected, mobile phones will serve as the hub, or the remote control , for Internet of Things. So IoT is internet connectivity of smart objects and embedded system other than mobile phones which can be connected with external hardware and Mobiles, Tablets, Laptops and PCs are remote control/access center of IoT.
2.3.2 IoT Devices
Figure 2.2 Common IoT Devices and Technologies 5
Raspberry Pi is probably one of the best things to happen in DIY IoT. A wide range of Data driven applications like Home Automation Server to Home Multimedia server, File Server can be developed with Pi. PI like Arduino has general purpose IO pins. But seamless working with sensors is bit tedious in Pi. Another efficient IoT board is Intel Edision which has integrated BLE, Wi-Fi among host of other features. It supports wide range of Industry standard hardware (over 30) through 70-pin interface. Intel Galileo is another good offering by Intel which supports the same shielding that of Arduino Uno. So it can be said to be first Intel powered device which is Arduino compatible. It has among other thing a USB host controller like Raspberry Pi which makes this an attractive hardware. Galileo also has ethernet shield in built.
2.3.3.3 Cloud Platform
IoT really can bring several services (like online payment gateway), several hardware platform (like embedded board of the vending machine) and smart objects and data like NFC, GPS into a seamless environment. Now it can integrate online payment into beverage vending machine, if one is using location service for beverage machine, then utilizing the location and payment service can be done. One can get the data of a medical diagnosis like ECG (acquired through another embedded board pertaining to medical electronics) into cloud such that several doctors can view it and form a comprehensive opinion about the patient's state. Well, infact all of them are possible. A little understanding of web and software design would take your mind towards cloud. Just like Web of Machines, in a Machine to Machine (M2M) or Machine to Objects (M2O) or any similar communication several modules will be common and several modules demands data to be available for sharing. Cloud APIs comes in handy in this regard. For instance, to make a device discoverable in web, then assign a fixed IP address, maintain a router and follow several networking skills. Yaler is a great example of what services and cloud can bring to table. This provides connection as a service such that your device is easily discoverable and communicable over the web without much hassle and take care of underneath security. 7
Axeda Provides infrastructure for M2M architecture. OpenIoT is an open source IoT platform that provides out of other services a unique Sensing as a Service. Google has already integrated location services with its cloud. Location extracted from your devices are silently put in your status updates in facebook and twitter and are also used for more personalized searches. So cloud APIs has a great potential in IoT in all levels of architecture starting from firmware to hardware to more top level architecture.
2.4 Implementation using IoT
This project uses concept of IoT for monitoring and controlling the system using a public server called MQTT server. It uses an android app called MyMQTT. In this app, one has to subscribe a topic and publish a message of specific function. The server will call-back to perform the function.
2.4.1 MQTT
MQTT stands for Message Queue Telemetry Transport. It is a publish /subscribe, extremely simple and lightweight messaging protocol, designed for constrained devices and low-bandwidth, high-latency or unreliable networks. The design principles are to minimize network bandwidth and device resource requirements whilst also attempting to ensure reliability and some degree of assurance of delivery. These principles also turn out to make the protocol ideal of the emerging “machine-to-machine” (M2M) or “Internet of Things” world of connected devices, and for mobile applications where bandwidth and battery power are at a premium.
2.4.2 MQTT Architecture
MQTT has a client/server model, where every sensor is a client and connects to a server, known as a broker, over TCP. MQTT is message oriented. Every message is a discrete chunks of data, opaque to the broker. 8
Figure 2.3 Client B and C Subscribing Topic temperature. At a later time, Client A publishes a value of 22.5 for topic temperature. The broker forwards the message to all subscribed clients (Figure 2.4). Figure 2.4 Client A publishing a value and broker forward this to other clients. The publisher subscriber model allows MQTT clients to communicate one-to-one, one-to- many and many-to-one. 10
3. INTRODUCTION OF HARDWARES
3.1 Arduino
Arduino is an open source physical computing platform based on simple input/output board and a development environment that implements the Processing language (www.processing.org). Arduino can be used to develop standalone interactive objects or can be connected to software on your computer. The boards can be assembled by hand or purchased preassembled; the open source IDE (Integrated Development Environment) can be downloaded for free from www.arduino.cc.
3.1.1 Introduction to Arduino Boards
Arduino is an architecture that combines Atmel microcontroller family with standard hardware into a board with inbuilt bootloader for plug and play embedded programming. Arduino Software comes with an IDE that helps writing, debugging and burning program into Arduino. The IDE also comes with a Serial Communication window through which can easily get the serial data from the board.
3.1.2 Arduino Uno
Figure 3.1 Arduino Uno 11
