Study Guide for First Midterm Exam - Spring 2008 | HUM 1114, Study notes of Humanities

Study Guide 1 Material Type: Notes; Professor: Olson; Class: HUM: Classical; Subject: Humanities; University: Virginia Polytechnic Institute And State University; Term: Fall 2010;

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HUM 1114: The Classical Age
Dr. Olson
Spring 2008
Study Guide
First Midterm Examination
Possible Question Types:
Map identifications
Placing people and events in chronological order
Identification questions (who’s who?)
Definitions of key terms
Multiple choice OR multiple answer questions
Short answer questions
Essay questions (50% of total available points)
Study the map that is posted on Scholar. You should know all locations noted on the map.
Chronological Order
--when did Hesiod write the Theogony and Works and Days? 700 BCE
--When did “Homer” write the Iliad? 750 BCE
--When did the Trojan war take place? 1250 BCE
--What are the DATES for the Archaic age? (750-500 BCE-Archaic Age)(500-400 Early classical)(400-
323 Late Classical)(323-30 Hellenistic Age)
--When did the first Olympic games take place? 776 BCE
--When did the Minoan civilization begin? Begins 3000 BCE in the 14th Century
--When did hoplite warfare emerge? Groups organized into phalanx (650 BCE?**)
--When did Mycenean civilization collapse? 1200 BCE Mycenean collapse and Dorians migrate south
into Greece. Declined because they were killing each other.
Notable people (you should be able to something informative about who these people are
and when/where they lived)
--Agamamnon- Basileous of Myceane, leader of Achaean army [Achaean]
--Achilles- Commander of Myrmidons, son of Peleus (mortal) and Thetis (divine), Prince of Phthia
[Achean]
--Nestor- Aged Basileus of Pylos [Achean]
--Hector - Leader of the Trojan armies; Prince of Troy; Son of Priam [Trojan]
--Priam - Basileus of Troy [Trojan]
--Hecuba – Wife of Priam [Trojan]
--Andromache- Hector’s wife, Princess of Troy [Trojan]
--Chriseis - Daughter of Chryses; Taken as a war prize by Agamemnon [Trojan]
--Breiseis – War prize given to Achilles but demanded back by Agamemnon [Trojan]
--Paris - Handsome son of Priam; Husband of Helen. [Trojan]
--Menelaus - Basileus of Sparta; Helen’s first Husband [Achaean]
--Archilochus –
a warrior poet – died in battle. Athens looked back to him as the father of satire
Son of an aristocrat and slave
Tension in own ambiguity leads to reflection
Went against aristocratic values- no one is respected when he is dead. It is not dishonorable
to elave ur shielf because u can go get a new one
His verse was banned in Sparta
--Arion-
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HUM 1114: The Classical Age Dr. Olson Spring 2008 Study Guide First Midterm Examination Possible Question Types: Map identifications Placing people and events in chronological order Identification questions (who’s who?) Definitions of key terms Multiple choice OR multiple answer questions Short answer questions Essay questions (50% of total available points) Study the map that is posted on Scholar. You should know all locations noted on the map. Chronological Order --when did Hesiod write the Theogony and Works and Days? 700 BCE --When did “Homer” write the Iliad? 750 BCE --When did the Trojan war take place? 1250 BCE --What are the DATES for the Archaic age? (750-500 BCE-Archaic Age)(500-400 Early classical)(400- 323 Late Classical)(323-30 Hellenistic Age) --When did the first Olympic games take place? 776 BCE --When did the Minoan civilization begin? Begins 3000 BCE in the 14th^ Century --When did hoplite warfare emerge? Groups organized into phalanx (650 BCE?)** --When did Mycenean civilization collapse? 1200 BCE Mycenean collapse and Dorians migrate south into Greece. Declined because they were killing each other. Notable people (you should be able to something informative about who these people are and when/where they lived) --Agamamnon- Basileous of Myceane, leader of Achaean army [Achaean] --Achilles- Commander of Myrmidons, son of Peleus (mortal) and Thetis (divine), Prince of Phthia [Achean] --Nestor- Aged Basileus of Pylos [Achean] --Hector - Leader of the Trojan armies; Prince of Troy; Son of Priam [Trojan] --Priam - Basileus of Troy [Trojan] --Hecuba – Wife of Priam [Trojan] --Andromache- Hector’s wife, Princess of Troy [Trojan] --Chriseis - Daughter of Chryses; Taken as a war prize by Agamemnon [Trojan] --Breiseis – War prize given to Achilles but demanded back by Agamemnon [Trojan] --Paris - Handsome son of Priam; Husband of Helen. [Trojan] --Menelaus - Basileus of Sparta; Helen’s first Husband [Achaean] --Archilochus –  a warrior poet – died in battle. Athens looked back to him as the father of satireSon of an aristocrat and slaveTension in own ambiguity leads to reflectionWent against aristocratic values- no one is respected when he is dead. It is not dishonorable to elave ur shielf because u can go get a new oneHis verse was banned in Sparta --Arion-

Beautiful Singer, Member of Periander’s Court.Captured by Pirates, sings to captors then jumps of boat and a dolphin brings him back to land and Periander doesn’t believe him. --Periander of Corinth- Tyrant who ruled from c. 627-587. Located at bottom of Macedonia --Polycrates of Samos  Tyrant who ruled from 538-522 BCE.Main enemy- Persia, Main Ally- Egypt.Builds army strong enough to resist Persians, betrays Egyptians.Creates a commercial center for trade in Samos --Eupalinus – Architect who builds a tunnel sponsored by Polycrates that brings water to Samos with Mirrors You should be able to define the following key terms --oikos: Family/Household, includes slaves --polis: City State, city and surrounding village. Main settlement, larger political community, “state” --dike: Procedural Justice. Aristocrats use Themis (traditional norms of behavior not written down) to establish justice --basileus: Strongman. Head of Community, Patriarchs or large wealthy Oikos --hoplite- organized cooperative warfare. Pulls from all social classes --phalanx- a rectangular mass military formation --kleros: Land --asty: Main city/ urban center, town --paides: Children --alochos: Bedmate -- kouridie alochos: Virgin Bride, wedded bedmate, socially sanctioned -- genos: Lineage You should be able to write an informative short answer about all of the following:

  1. What are the central relationships within the oikos?  Parent/ Child  Husband/ Wife  Master/ Slave
  2. How should we understand the relationship between the oikos and the polis?  Oikos were the basic social unit of the Polis
  3. What sorts of things/values were the Greeks willing to fight to defend?
  4. Tyranny --What is a tyranny? How do tyrants come to power?  Rule by one person (or oikos)  Transitional not permanent government. Transition from oligarchy to democracy  Tyrants came from aristocrat class, all aristocrats aspire to be a tyrant. --Are all tyrannies and all tyrants bad? If not, why not?  Citizens focused their loyalty on the tyrant and through him, on the Polis.  By suppressing aristocratic rivalries and power struggles and thus securing domestic peace and stability, he generally enhanced prosperity  Tyranny proved a positive force that decisively advanced the cohesion and integration of the polis

 Farmers life is not easy. Hunger/starvation are always looming so be vigilant or you will starve  Farmers were easy pray for aristocrats – a small loan to a farmer could lead to a nice profit for the lender --What was his outlook on human nature?  Nothing good comes of plundering and war  Competition pushed ment to be better --What might explain his outlook on human nature? --What was his attitude toward women?  They should do household work and if not she is worthless and sucking you dry  Marriage and children is about expanding your oikos. Economic not romantic  Women were created as a punishment to men --What are his criticisms of Greek culture during the Iron Age?  “children are born grey at the temples” aka born old, already corrupt, mature  People of iron age don’t have much of a future to look forward to, all good things were in the past  “Children will not look like their fathers”- Infidelity. Oikos values are being threatened  No affection between guest of host - hospitality --What are the “Five Ages of Man?”  Gold – humans lived like gods, no labor/toil. Zeus burried them  Silver- really dependent on mother/ family for 100 years. Only live a few years longer. Mortals offended zeus who then buried them  Bronze- are arrogant and violent warriors. They kill each other and go down to Hades  Heroes –ray of hope- better and more just momentarily halted the decline of the world. Violent demigods- Achilles, Agamemnon. They kill one another but some sail off into distant lands  Iron – age in which Hesiod believes he lived. People suffer with labor, toil, hard work --Why was he so concerned with justice?  Treated unjustly by his brother, Perseus, who has not embraced hard work – aimed Works and Days specifically at perseus  It is in your own self-interest to act justly in an unjust world because gods will punish your oikos.  Try and solve amongst yourselves- Court is a waste of time because it is corrupt

  1. You should be able to say something about each of these major developments in Archaic age: --the commercial revolution  During Archaic Age there is a Commercial Revolution  Increased trade, routes established, more wealth, increased literacy  Revival of trade necessitated a means to keep track of it  Rising middle class – made up of successful farmers, merchants etc; its emergence hastened the development of the city-states into true urban and commercial centers --the development of hoplite warfare  Protect your family by going to war then pillage  Groups organized into phalanx  Oligarchy starts to lose power  Makes tyrannies possible – they organize an army and overthrow current oligarchs --increased literacy --the population boom and colonization  Primarily in Italy, Sicily and Asia Minor  In an attempt to relieve the many pressures facing their small city-states, the Greeks began sending colonies to other parts of Greece and the Mediterranean. --How are these developments related to one another?
  1. Homer’s Iliad --what is the overall theme of this epic poem? --what are the TWO stages of Achilles’ rage? --with whom is Achilles angry and why?  Agamemnon because he dishonors him by stealing Bryseis --does Achilles’ anger ever get resolved? If so, how? If not, why not?  Messengers go to Achilles to offer him gifts from Agamemnon  Patrocolus uses Achilles armor to fight then dies, so Achilles rejoins battle for revenge --what are the consequences of Achilles anger (both for the Achaeans and the Trojans)?  Achilles prays to the gods to put a curse on the Achaeans so they do not win without him  Achilles kills many Trojans including Hector --what does Homer’s poem teach us about aristocratic/oligarchic values? --what sorts of “moral” lessons do we learn