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Problem Set D: Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis, Assignments of Biology

University of California - San DiegoBiology

A problem set related to cellular respiration and photosynthesis, including questions about oxidation and reduction reactions, atp production, the electron transport chain, and the role of oxygen. It also covers the calvin cycle and the light reactions in photosynthesis.

Typology: Assignments

Pre 2010

Uploaded on 03/28/2010

koofers-user-vfy
koofers-user-vfy 🇺🇸

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ProblemSetD
1)Considerthereactionbetweentheelementssodium(Na)andchlorine(Cl)thatformstablesalt:
Na+ClÆNa++Cl‐
Identifytheelementthatisreduced:Cl
Identifytheelementthatisoxidized:Na
2)Writeouttheoverallreactionofglucosebreakdownduringrespiration.Indicatewhichmoleculesare
oxidizedandwhicharereduced.
C6H12O6+6O2Æ6CO2+6H2O+energy
glucoseisoxidized;oxygenisreduced
3)A.Thenetenergyyieldfromglycolysis,perglucosemoleculeis_____2ATP__plus__2NADH_____.
B.TrueorFalse:
T FCO2isreleasedduringglycolysis.
TFGlycolysiscanoccurunderanaerobicconditions.
TFEarlyprokaryotesgeneratedATPexclusivelyfromglycolysis.
C.Whatmoleculedothecarbonsofglucoseendupinatthecompletionofglycolysis?
2pyruvatemolecules
D.Definesubstratelevelphosphorylation.WhichtwostepsincellularrespirationmakeATPbythis
process?
SLP:occurswhenanenzymetransfersaphosphategroupfromasubstratemoleculetoADP
Glycolysisandcitricacidcycle
E.Uponcompletionofglycolysis,pyruvateisconvertedinto_acetylCoA________________.What
cellularcompartmentdoesthisoccurin?mitochondria
4)A.Thecitricacidcycle,knowntofunctionlikea“metabolicfurnace,”oxidizesorganicfuelderived
frompyruvate.Summarizetheoutputsaspyruvate(x2)isbrokendowninthetablebelow.(Includethe
compoundsmadeduringconversionofpyruvate)
ATPCO2NADHFADH2
2682
B.Duringrespirationinthemitochondria,whatarethemoleculesmadeinthecitricacidcyclethat
providereducingpowertotheelectrontransportchain?
NADHandFADH2
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Problem Set D

  1. Consider the reaction between the elements sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) that forms table salt: Na + Cl Æ Na+^ + Cl‐ Identify the element that is reduced: Cl Identify the element that is oxidized: Na
  2. Write out the overall reaction of glucose breakdown during respiration. Indicate which molecules are oxidized and which are reduced. C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Æ 6 CO 2 + 6H 2 O + energy glucose is oxidized; oxygen is reduced
  3. A. The net energy yield from glycolysis, per glucose molecule is_____ 2 ATP__ plus __ 2 NADH_____. B. True or False: T F CO 2 is released during glycolysis. T F Glycolysis can occur under anaerobic conditions. T F Early prokaryotes generated ATP exclusively from glycolysis. C. What molecule do the carbons of glucose end up in at the completion of glycolysis? 2 pyruvate molecules D. Define substrate level phosphorylation. Which two steps in cellular respiration make ATP by this process? SLP: occurs when an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from a substrate molecule to ADP Glycolysis and citric acid cycle E. Upon completion of glycolysis, pyruvate is converted into _acetyl CoA________________. What cellular compartment does this occur in? mitochondria
  4. A. The citric acid cycle, known to function like a “metabolic furnace,” oxidizes organic fuel derived from pyruvate. Summarize the outputs as pyruvate(x2) is broken down in the table below. (Include the compounds made during conversion of pyruvate) ATP CO 2 NADH FADH 2 2 6 8 2 B. During respiration in the mitochondria, what are the molecules made in the citric acid cycle that provide reducing power to the electron transport chain? NADH and FADH 2

C. Name and draw the structures of the first three compounds involved in the citric acid cycle, starting after pyruvate. Note which carbon groups combine to form the 6 carbon compound that is decomposed. D. What molecule do the carbons of glucose end up in at the completion of cellular respiration? CO 2

  1. A. What role does O 2 have during respiration? It is the final electron acceptor in the ETC. B. Why is a membrane important for oxidative phosphorylation? Chemiosmosis would not be possible without the energy stored in the form of a hydrogen ion gradient across a membrane. This gradient drives cellular work (such as the synthesis of ATP).
  2. A. Label the ATP synthase. Describe the role each subunit plays in producing ATP.
  1. Rotor‐spins each H +^ bound to specific sites w/in rotor. Causes internal rod to spin
  2. Stator‐ Holds the knob stationary. Contains a half channel in which H+^ passes to enter matrix.

The electron transport chain is embedded in what membrane of the mitochondrion?_____inner_______ The electron transport chain energy is used to pump H+^ ions into which location? intermembrane space__ Glycolysis takes place in what location?_cytosol__________ The citric acid cycle takes place in what location?_matrix_________ Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located?_inner membrane___________ Where are the ATP synthase complexes located?____inner membrane__________________

  1. At what point(s) in the various cycles of cellular respiration could monomers of each macromolecule enter? (check all that apply) Glycolysis Acetyl CoA Citric Acid Cycle Oxidative Phosphorylation Proteins X X X Carbohydrates X Fats X X
  2. A. What enzyme in the respiratory pathway helps control the pace of cellular respiration? Name the mechanism by which this regulation is made possible. Phosphofructokinase; Feedback inhibition B. Name the compounds that stimulate and inhibit it. AMP stimulates; ATP and citrate inhibit

C. Why is it important to control cellular respiration? Prevents the cell from wasting energy and it spares valuable organic molecules for other functions when the concentration of ATP is high.

  1. Label the Chloroplast and answer the questions that follow: In which membrane do Photosystem II and Photosystem I, important in photosynthesis, accumulate? Thylakoid m embrane Where within the chloroplast does the Calvin Cycle of photosynthesis occur? Stroma Where in the plant chloroplast might you find a high concentration of H+^ during photosynthesis? Lumen Where do light reactions take place? Thylakoid
  2. A. What is the final electron acceptor in the Light Reactions? NADPH B. What three products are formed in the Light Reactions? From these products, which play a crucial role in the Calvin cycle and explain why. ATP, NADPH, O 2 ; NADPH‐reduces fixed carbon to carbohydrate by providing electrons ATP‐ supplies chemical energy required for formation of ATP
  3. How does the chemiosmosis process differ in mitochondrion as compared to chloroplasts? Mitochondrion ATP synthase pumps H+^ from the intermembrane space into the matrix (outside to inside); found on inner membrane of mitochondria Chloroplast ATP synthase pumps H +^ from thylakoid to stroma (inside to outside); found on thylakoid membrand
  4. A.What is the enzyme vital to the Calvin Cycle? Rubisco B. The carbohydrate produced directly from the Calvin cycle is glyceraldehyde‐ 3 ‐phosphate____.