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Unit 12 - Abnormal Psychology
psychology student syndrome - โ
a tendency for psychology students to believe they suffer from the psychological disorders that they're studying abnormal psychology - โ
the scientific study of abnormal behavior in an effort to describe, predict, explain, and change abnormal patterns of functioning the four d's - โ
deviance, distress, dysfunction, danger deviant - โ
A PERSON WHOSE BEHAVIOR DIFFERS FROM THE ACCEPTED STANDARDS OF SOCIETY distressing - โ
unpleasant and upsetting to the person, affecting day to day life dysfunctional - โ
not operating normally or properly danger - โ
having the potential to cause harm to themselves or others dsm-5 - โ
the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders. diagnostic labels - โ
The ability of mental health professionals to quickly communicate the characteristics of their patients' complex symptoms is most clearly facilitated by the use of medical/biological model - โ
abnormal behavior results from underlying physiological conditions treatment involves medication, surgery, ECT, and/or hospitalization psychodynamic models - โ
model that views disorders as the result of childhood trauma or anxieties and that holds that many of these childhood-based anxieties operate unconsciously behavioral model - โ
explanation of human behavior, including dysfunction, based on principles of learning and adaptation derived from experimental psychology cognitive model - โ
concentrates on the thinking that underlies behavior
stigma - โ
a mark of disgrace associated with a particular circumstance, quality, or person. effects of stigma - โ
-shame, embarrassment -social alienation and isolation -self-defeating attitudes and behaviors trephining - โ
practice in which holes were drilled into the skull in an attempt to release evil spirits anxiety disorders - โ
disorders in which the main symptom is excessive or unrealistic anxiety and fearfulness
- social anxiety
- generalized
- phobias
- panic disorder & agoraphobia generalized anxiety disorder - โ
an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal panic disorder - โ
an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations. agoraphobia - โ
fear or avoidance of situations, such as crowds or wide open places, where one has felt loss of control and panic ocd - โ
a disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions)
- obsessive thought - anxiety - compulsion - temporary relief - hoarding disorder - โ
a disorder in which individuals feel compelled to save items and become very distressed if they try to discard them, resulting in an excessive accumulation of items ptsd - โ
an anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience bipolar disorder - โ
a mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania. major depressive disorder -
โ
feel no desire to form relationships, because they see no point in sharing their time with others schizotypal personality disorder - โ
avoid social interaction because of a deep-seated fear of people (odd and eccentric, cluster a) antisocial personality disorder - โ
a personality disorder in which the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. may be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist. borderline personality disorder - โ
a personality disorder characterized by attention seeking, impulsivity, lack of stability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotion; angry outbursts; intense fear of abandonment; recurring suicidal gestures histrionic personality disorder - โ
a personality disorder characterized by excessive emotionality and preoccupation with being the center of attention; emotional shallowness; overly dramatic behavior narcissistic personality disorder - โ
characterized by a grandiose sense of self-importance, a preoccupation with fantasies of success or power, and a need for constant attention or admiration avoidant personality disorder - โ
a personality disorder characterized by inhibition in social situations; feelings of inadequacy; oversensitivity to criticism dependent personality disorder - โ
a personality disorder characterized by a pattern of clinging and obedience, fear of separation, and an ongoing need to be taken care of. psychological disorder - โ
a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior maladaptive - โ
anything that does not allow a person to function within or adapt to the stresses and everyday demands of life moral treatment - โ
approach to mental illness calling for dignity, kindness, and respect for those with mental illness medical model - โ
the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital. psychopathology -
โ
the study of abnormal behavior and psychological dysfunction taijin kyofusho - โ
a form of social anxiety common in Japan involving a fear of offending or embarrassing others with one's odor, eye contact, or appearance. stress-vulnerability model (diathesis-stress model) - โ
attributes mental illness to a combination of environmental stress and inherited susceptibility epigenetics - โ
the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change biological influences on psychological disorder - โ
evolution, individual genes, brain structure and chemistry psychological influences on psychological disorder - โ
stress, trauma, learned helplessness, mood-related perceptions and memories social-cultural influences on psychological disorder - โ
roles, expectations, definitions or normality and disorder disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) - โ
a depressive disorder in children characterized by persistent irritability and frequent episodes of out-of-control behavior culture-specific disorders - โ
disorders that have a set of symptoms found only in a particular culture classification helps psychiatrists and psychologists to... - โ
- PREDICT a disorder's future course
- SUGGEST treatment
- PROMPT research poverty - โ
a risk factor in mental disorders, contribute to its development
- some disorders like schizophrenia lead to this amok - โ
in a frenzied or uncontrolled state what describes the idea that psychological disorders result from an interplay of a variety of factors?
- โ
the biopsychosocial approach what is the primary purpose of the DSM-5 - โ
describing mental disorders social anxiety disorder -
andrew is so afraid of spiders that he is having a hard time leaving his "spider proofed home" and going to work. andrew's psychiatrist has diagnosed him with - โ
a phobia leo is always so worried that something bad is about to happen that he cant stay focused at school. a therapist might diagnose leo with - โ
generalized anxiety disorder in obsessive-compulsive disorder, obsessions are repetitive __________, and compulsions are repetitive ____________. - โ
thoughts;behaviors which area of the brain exhibits higher-than-normal activity activity in many people with PTSD - โ
amygdala rebekah has grown increasingly nervous about going to school and social gatherings. when she is assigned a presentation in english class, she is so terrified that she can't bring herself to go to school at all. a therapist would be most likely to diagnose her with - โ
social anxiety disorder PRACTICE FRQ: PAGE 685 using psychological terminology, describe how each of the following perspectives helps us understand anxiety disorders, OCD, and PTSD
- conditioning
- cognition
- biology - โ
- conditioning perspective would consider mental disorders by way of reinforcement, when the behavior of avoiding a feared stimulus is reinforced by reduced anxiety, or stimulus generalization when a person experiences a fearful situation and generalizes that fear to similar stimuli
- cognition perspective consider how expectations & interpretations might cause a person to overreact to stimuli, how people may learn some fears by observing others' fears
- biology perspective how genetic predispositions, epigenetic marks, abnormal brain responses, and natural selection could make us vulnerable to development of disorders persistent depressive disorder - โ
milder depressive symptoms that last a much longer period of time seasonal pattern - โ
subtype of depression in which a person experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder only during a particular time of year, usually winter mania - โ
a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state in which dangerously poor judgement is common mood disorders - โ
psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes
- major depression
- bipolar disorder
depression facts - โ
- behavioral/cognitive changes accompany depression
- depression is widespread
- women's risk of depression is double men's
- most depressive episodes self-terminate (we bounce back)
- depression historically strikes earlier in present time (late teens) and affects more people heritability of disorders - โ
in highest percentage to lowest:
- bipolar
- schizophrenia
- anorexia
- major depression
- generalized anxiety norepinephine - โ
increases arousal and boosts mood, us scarce during depression and overabundant during mania depression medications - โ
SSRI's, that block reuptake of serotonin negative explanatory style - โ
tendency to blame unfortunate circumstances on self and see problems as enduring rumination - โ
compulsive fretting; overthinking about our problems and their causes stable explanatory style - โ
"it's going to last forever" global explanatory style - โ
"it's going to affect everything I do" internal explanatory style - โ
"it's all my fault" temporary explanatory style - โ
"this is hard to take, but i will get through this" specific explanatory style - โ
"i miss my partner, but thankfully i have family and friends. just because one thing is bad, not everything is" external explanatory style - โ
"it takes two to make a relationship and it wasn't meant to be. it wasn't all my fault." state-dependent memory - โ
the theory that information learned in a particular state of mind (e.g., depressed, happy, somber) is more easily recalled when in that same state of mind.
chronic schizophrenia (process schizophrenia) - โ
a form of schizophrenia in which symptoms usually appear by late adolescence or early adulthood. as people age, psychotic episodes last longer and recovery periods shorten. not curable acute schizophrenia (reactive schizophrenia) - โ
a form of schizophrenia that can begin at any age, frequently occurs in response to an emotionally traumatic event, and has extended recovery periods dopamine - โ
influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion
- excess causes schizophrenia brain abnormalities in schizophrenia - โ
- excess number of dopamine receptors
- high activity in thalamus during hallucinations
- paranoia increases activity in amygdala
- thinning of cerebral tissue
- enlarged ventricles
- smaller hippocampus and corpus callosum word salad - โ
flow of unconnected words that convey no meaning to the listener believing that aliens are trying to steal her thoughts, shauna wears a special hat that she designed. her beliefs represent - โ
delusions over several years, charles gradually developed schizophrenia. due to this, prognosis of recovery is poor. his type os schizophrenia would be referred to as - โ
chronic a person with schizophrenia who is experiencing negative emotions is likely to demonstrate - โ
social withdrawal somatic symptom disorder - โ
psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical cause conversion disorder - โ
a disorder in which a person experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms for which no physiological or medical explanation can be found illness anxiety disorder (hypochondriasis) - โ
a disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease dissociative disorders - โ
controversial, rare disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings
fugue state - โ
no concept of self/can take on a whole new identity/life, usually in response to a stressful situation dissociative identity disorder (multiple personality disorder) - โ
a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities anorexia nervosa - โ
an eating disorder in which an irrational fear of weight gain leads people to starve themselves bulimia nervosa - โ
an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise binge eating disorder - โ
significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging, fasting, or excessive exercise that marks bulimia nervosa factors of eating disorders - โ
- competitive and high achieving families
- low self esteem
- perfectionism
- stressful experiences adela regularly interprets ordinary physical symptoms like stomach cramps and headaches as serious medical problems. Her doctor is unable to convince her that her problems are not serious. adela suffers from - โ
illness anxiety disorder karl, a 45 year old barber, had suddenly disappeared and was found working as a car mechanic and didn't have remembrance of his former life. karl's clinical diagnosis would be - โ
a fugue state
