Unit 2 part 1.1 pathology notes
what is inflammation? -
allows inflammatory cells, plasma proteins, and fluid to leave blood to go into the
interstitial space
what are the two types of inflammation? -
acute = neutrophils
chronic = lymphocytes
what characterizes acute inflammation? -
the presence of edema and neutrophils within inflamed tissue
what is innate immunity? -
immediate response with little specificity
where are toll like receptors found? -
present on innate immune cells like macrophages and dendritic cells
what activates TLR's? -
PAMPs = pathogen associated molecular patterns which are shared by microbes
what is CD14? -
a specific TLR on macrophages that exist to detect lipopolysaccharides, present in gram
negative bacteria
what do activated TLR's release? -
NF - kB's
what are NF - kB's? -
a nuclear transcription factor that activates immune cells
where else are TLR's present? -
can also be found in lymphocytes when they respond in chronic inflammation
where does arachidonic acid get released from? -
from phospholipid membranes by phospholipase A2
what does COX produce? -
PGI2, PGD2, and PGE2 all of which mediate vasodilation and permeability
what else can PGE2 do? -
along with VD/VP it mediates pain response and fever
What does 5-lipoxygenase produce? -
leukotrienes
