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6filA domain name is a string of text that maps to a numeric IP address, used to access a website from client software. In plain English, a domain name is the text that a user types into a browser window to reach a particular website. For instance, the domain name for Google is ‘google.com’. The actual address of a website is a complex numerical IP address (e.g. 103.21.244.0), but thanks to DNS, users are able to enter human-friendly domain names and be routed to the websites they are looking for. This process is known as a DNS lookup.
Higher Nationals in Computing UNIT 10: WEBSITE DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT ASSIGNMENT 1 Assessor name: PHAN MINH TAM Learner’s name: ID: Class: Subject code: 1633 Assignment due: Assignment submitted:
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ASSIGNMENT 1 BRIEF
Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing Unit number Unit 10: Website Design & Development Assignment title Web Services Presentation and Guidebook Academic Year 2019 - 2020 Unit Tutor TamPM Issue date Submission date IV name and date Submission Format: Format: Two ten-minute Microsoft® PowerPoint® style presentations to be presented to your colleagues Submission Students are compulsory to submit the assignment in due date and in a way requested by the Tutors. The form of submission will be a soft copy posted on http://cms.greenwich.edu.vn/ Note: The Assignment must be your own work, and not copied by or from another student or from books etc. If you use ideas, quotes or data (such as diagrams) from books, journals or other sources, you must reference your sources, using the Harvard style. Make sure that you know how to reference properly, and that understand the guidelines on plagiarism. If you do not, you definitely get failed Unit Learning Outcomes: LO1 Explain server technologies and management services associated with hosting and managing websites. LO2 Categorise website technologies, tools and software used to develop websites. Assignment Brief and Guidance: You work as a full-stack web team leader for a leading creative web solutions and marketing company. Your team is about to have a big contract to develop an online shopping mall. One of the preparation tasks is to choose appropriate tools and techniques to realize a custom built website. As part of your role, you have been asked to create an engaging presentation to help train junior staff members on basic web technologies including hosting and website management as well as server
Learning Outcomes and Assessment Criteria Pass Merit Distinction LO1 Explain server technologies and management services associated with hosting and managing websites LO1 & 2 D1 Justify the tools and techniques chosen to realise a custom built website. P1 Identify the purpose and types of DNS, including explanations on how domain names are organised and managed. P2 Explain the purpose and relationships between communication protocols, server hardware, operating systems and web server software with regards to designing, publishing and accessing a website. M1 Evaluate the impact of common web development technologies and frameworks with regards to website design, functionality and management. M2 Review the influence of search engines on website performance and provide evidence-based support for improving a site’s index value and rank through search engine optimisation. LO2 Categorise website technologies, tools and software used to develop websites P3 Discuss the capabilities and relationships between front-end and back-end website technologies and explain how these relate to presentation and application layers. P4 Discuss the differences between online website creation tools and custom built sites with regards to design flexibility, performance, functionality, User Experience (UX) and User Interface (UI). M3 Evaluate a range of tools and techniques available to design and develop a custom built website.
Table of Contents
ASSIGNMENT 1 ANSWERS
P1. IDENTIFY THE PURPOSE AND TYPES OF DNS, INCLUDING EXPLANATIONS ON HOW DOMAIN
NAMES ARE ORGANIZED AND MANAGED.
1.1 INTRODUCTION DNS.
1.2 WHAT IS DNS
The Domain Name System (DNS) is the phonebook of the Internet. Humans access information online through domain names, like nytimes.com or espn.com. Web browsers interact through Internet Protocol (IP) addresses. DNS translates domain names to IP addresses so browsers can load Internet resources. 1.1. Types of DNS and purpose of them: DNS recursor - The recursor can be thought of as a librarian who is asked to go find a particular book somewhere in a library. The DNS recursor is a server designed to receive queries from client machines through applications such as web browsers. Typically the recursor is then responsible for making additional requests in order to satisfy the client’s DNS query. Root nameserver - The root server is the first step in translating (resolving) human readable host names into IP addresses. It can be thought of like an index in a library that points to different racks of books - typically it serves as a reference to other more specific locations. TLD nameserver - The top level domain server (TLD) can be thought of as a specific rack of books in a library. This nameserver is the next step in the search for a specific IP address, and it hosts the last portion of a hostname (In example.com, the TLD server is “com”). Authoritative nameserver - This final nameserver can be thought of as a dictionary on a rack of books, in which a specific name can be translated into its definition. The authoritative nameserver is the last stop in the nameserver query. If the authoritative name server has access to the requested record, it will return the IP address for the requested hostname back to the DNS Recursor (the librarian) that made the initial request.
2. What are domain names: A domain name is a string of text that maps to a numeric IP address, used to access a website from client software. In plain English, a domain name is the text that a user types into a browser window to reach a particular website. For instance, the domain name for Google is ‘google.com’. The actual address of a website is a complex numerical IP address (e.g. 103.21.244.0), but thanks to DNS, users are able to enter human-friendly domain names and be routed to the websites they are looking for. This process is known as a DNS lookup. 3. How domain names are organizes and managed P a g e | 1
Domain names are organized in specialized databases. These databases are part of the worldwide system of domain registrars. The mapping of IP names corresponding to human-readable hostnames is done via DNS (Domain Name System). The domain names are a combination of second-level domains and top-level domains. The second-level domain is the human-readable hostname of the domain. The other type Top-level domains are categorized into three types of top-level domains: gTLD, ccTLD and nTLD. Domain names are registered via The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers ICANN. So, the management of these domains’ rests with the ICANN. It deals with assigning IP addresses. iNET Systems offer a place to buy your favorite domains. With iNET, you can boost your business with industry-leading services at reasonable prices. If you wish to have a domain registered or sell an unused business domain? Feel free to contact an iNET expert today. P2 EXPLAIN THE PURPOSE AND RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS, SERVER HARDWARE, OPERATING SYSTEMS, AND WEB SERVER SOFTWARE WITH REGARDS TO DESIGNING, PUBLISHING, AND ACCESSING A WEBSITE.
1. Communication protocols and purpose of them 1.1. Definition about Communicate protocols Communication protocols are formal descriptions of digital message formats and rules. They are required to exchange messages in or between computing systems. Communication protocols are important in telecommunications systems and other systems because they create consistency and universality for the sending and receiving of messages. Communications protocols can cover authentication, error detection and correction, and signaling. They can also describe the syntax, semantics, and synchronization of analog and digital communications. 1.2.PURPOSE OF COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS A communication protocol is a system of rules that allows two or more entities of a communications system to transmit information via any kind of variation of a physical quantity. The protocol defines the rules, syntax, semantics and synchronization of communication and possible error recovery methods 2. Server hardware and purpose of them 2.1. Definition about Server hardware In computing, a server is a piece of computer hardware or software (computer program) that provides functionality for other programs or devices, called "clients". This architecture is called the client–server model. Servers can provide various functionalities, often called "services", such as sharing data or resources among multiple clients, or performing computation for a client. A single server can serve multiple clients, and a single client can use multiple servers. A client process may run on the same P a g e | 2
server can be used by Domain Name of website, and it renders the all content of these hosted websites to end user’s system.
5. Explain the relationship between communication protocols, server hardware, operating system, Web server software. Communication protocol: The protocol defines rules, syntax, semantics, and synchronization of communication and can methods of error recovery. Protocols can be implemented by hardware, software or a combination of both. Server Hardware: Hardware represents all the physical things that you can touch and see which merged and built together as a single entity called a Personal Computer (PC). It can be a laptop or even your smart devices in this case. Operating System: Operating System (OS) is working on top of the hardware. OS is the software that brings you the interface to be able to communicate with the hardware. Well, of course, there is more than that. OS communicates with the kernel using the device drivers to send “commands” to the hardware to do the things that you want to do. Web server software: Web Server Software is also just a software application. It is installed, and runs on a computer - the server serves as a Web Server, thanks to this program that users can access the Web site information from another computer on the network (Internet, intranet). Web Server has the ability to send Web clients via the Internet environment (or Intranet) via HTTP protocol. 6. How to publish and accessing a website on Internet. P3 DISCUSS THE CAPABILITIES AND RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FRONT-END AND BACK-END WEBSITE TECHNOLOGIES AND EXPLAIN HOW THESE RELATE TO PRESENTATION AND APPLICATION LAYERS. 1.FRONT-END 1.1.WHAT IS FRONT-END TECHNOLOGIES: The configuration and design of everything that web surfers view when using a website or app is referred to as front-end development. Developers with a strong interest in graphic design are drawn to the work because of the visual side. The goal of these programmers is to create user interfaces that are as appealing as they are intuitive, resulting in a far more enjoyable user experience. 1.2. COMMON FRONT-END TECHNOLOGIES The top ten front-end languages are listed below. - HTML P a g e | 4
• CSS
- Javascript
- React
- Vue
- TypeScript
- Elm
- JQuery
- Angular
- Swift 1.2.1. Html HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language and is a programming language used to create electronic texts known as pages on the internet. Every page has several links to other pages in the form of hyperlinks. HTML has been used to create every single page on the Internet. Learning how to display text or handle the loading of various elements is a need for browsers. 1.2.2. CSS CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a programming language that specifies how documents are presented to users in terms of layout and style. A document is a text file format that uses a markup language such as HTML or other markup languages such as XML or SVG. CSS is used to turn a document into a format that audiences can understand. This is especially important for browsers like Chrome, Firefox, and Edge, which are designed to graphically transmit content to screens, printers, and projectors. 1.2.3. JavaScript JavaScript is a widely used programming language that allows users to add advanced functionality to web sites. It can be used to show periodic content updates, animated two-dimensional and three-dimensional visuals, interactive maps, video boxes, and more whenever a page performs a dynamic action. 1.2.4. React Facebook created React as a programming language for creating quick and cutting-edge web user interfaces. It's one of the most popular JavaScript libraries for building web front ends, and it's a wonderful choice for full stack development. React is a programming language that may be used to create visual user interfaces and data rendering in browsers. React makes front-end web development simple, and the essential features and benefits of this technology are listed below. 1.2.5.Vue P a g e | 5
the majority of data and operational syntax. One or more programming languages are usually used in the code. The back end, often known as the data access layer of software or hardware, encompasses any functionality that requires digital access and navigation. 1.2. Common Back-End technologies These are the best six front-end languages Python Ruby PHP Java C# NodeJS 2.2.1. Ruby This is an interpreted high-level general-purpose programming language that started out as an object-oriented scripting language. Ruby has the major advantages of other popular languages since it is focused on increasing developer efficiency. Ruby became dynamic, functional, and concise as a result of these changes. It is frequently used by developers due to its welcoming topic community and simple syntax. Ruby is the foundation of the Ruby on Rails framework, which is utilized in domains such as data analysis, AI, and web development. 2.2.2. Python This is one of the most popular programming languages since it is simple to learn and use. It's multipurpose because it's utilized for data analysis as well as web development (namely, for scalable websites and applications). 2.2.3. Java OOP considers Java to be a universal backend development language. It's commonly used to construct desktop, web, and Android apps. This is a platform-independent, multi-purpose language. Many people have chosen it for decades because of its versatility and simplicity. Java will still be one of the most important backend languages in 2020. 2.2.4. PHP PHP is still widely regarded as a necessary programming language. It is a general-purpose programming language that is used to create server-side applications. PHP is backed by an open-source platform that runs on a variety of platforms, including Mac, Windows, and UNIX. 2.2.5. C# P a g e | 7
This is a Microsoft-developed OOP language based on the C programming language. C# is a multi-purpose and multi-platform programming language that can be used on a variety of platforms including Windows, Linux, Android, and iOS. 2.2.6. NodeJS NodeJS is a platform based on the V8 JavaScript Engine, which is a JavaScript interpreter that enables developing online applications simple and versatile.
- The relationship between front-end and back-end. Frontend is in charge of the user/client side and is referred to as "human." It encompasses the user's feelings and experiences as he or she touches, sees, and so on. As a result, a front end developer should work on an app with a clear idea of how the user would interpret the interface. When you explore a newly introduced app, for example, you will notice the difference between a good and a not-so-good one. The good ones are usually created by professional front end developers who focus on simple design, customizable search, the absence of pop-up advertisements, and overall improved user experience. The backend is in charge of how applications and pages work. A website can appear great, but if it doesn't function properly, it will be a disaster for users. Calculations, business logic, database interactions, and performance are all handled by the backend of an application. **P4 DISCUSS THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ONLINE WEBSITE CREATION TOOLS AND CUSTOM-BUILT SITES WITH REGARDS TO DESIGN FLEXIBILITY, PERFORMANCE, FUNCTIONALITY, USER EXPERIENCE (UX) AND USER INTERFACE (UI).
- What is UX** The process by which design teams create products that give users with meaningful and relevant experiences is known as user experience (UX) design. This includes features of branding, design, usability, and function, as well as the full process of obtaining and integrating the product. 2. What is UI The point of engagement and communication between people and computers in a device is known as the user interface (UI). This could include the appearance of the display, keyboard, mouse, and desktop. It also refers to how a user interacts with a program or website. Furthermore, organizations are becoming increasingly reliant on web apps. Many organizations are prioritizing user interface in an effort to improve the overall user experience, thanks to mobile apps and social networks. 3. Online website creation tools 3.1. Definition about Online website creation tools Website creation tools are programs that allow you to build websites without having to alter the code manually. They are divided into two categories: online proprietary tools provided by web hosting firms and other online proprietary tools. These are often used by users to create their own private website. Here are three online website creation tools and solutions that can help you out:
- IM The free IM Creator.com features a simple interface that allows you to start from scratch or use one of their aesthetically created templates to create your own design. The extremely polished and artistic designs given by this online website builder caught my attention.
- Wix P a g e | 8
and looking for new methods to make the sites they create last longer. They're on the lookout for new Google SEO best practices as they emerge. Bespoke Websites - With a custom website, you can and should use design to express your company's culture and personality. A one-of-a-kind design can be presented, changed, and turned into a bespoke website template. A good web development company is always updating their code and looking for new methods to make the sites they create last longer. They're on the lookout for new Google SEO best practices as they emerge. Website Creation Tools - Most templates are designed in such a way that what you see is exactly what you receive. The colors and possibly the typefaces can be changed, but the layout is relatively set. If you really like the layout and style and don't want to modify it, a template is a good option. P a g e | 10
REFERENCES
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