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Asignatura: Fonética y Fonología de la Lengua Inglesa, Profesor: Mª Luisa García Lecumberri, Carrera: Traducción e Interpretación, Universidad: UPV-EHU
Tipo: Apuntes
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When sounds combine to form words they often change
Because of complexity of articulatory process
vs.
Need for speed in fluent speech
Main reasons for alternations
To ease the articulatory process
To get a more natural sequence
Articulation may be made easier by
Deleting a sound altogether
Making a sound more similar to surrounding ones
Substituting it by easier ones
1 Sandhi-r:
Linking r vs. Intrusive-r
2 Syllabicity:
Nasal syllabicity,
Lateral syllabicity
3 Deletions:
Alveolar plosive deletion,
Schwa deletion
4 Assimilations:
Alveolar regressive assimilation: stops &
fricatives; Syllabic nasal assimilationCoalescence: consonant and vowel coalescence,
5 Compression
6 Glottaling
NB: these processes will be incorporated into transcriptions as indicated inclass. To study these processes you need lecture notes and explanations andpractice in
"English Transcription Course"
When /
/ is followed by /n/ or /l/, it may disappear:
.rUc?m.
rUcm
.oh9o?k.
.oh9ok.
.jPs?m.
jPsm
However, this deletion, does not imply loss of a syllable
because the consonant becomes the nucleus (syllabic)
rUcm<
.oh9ok<.
jPsm<
/ may suffer the same process through assimilation
.?To?m.
?Tom<
?Tol<
.adHj?m.
adHjm<
adHjM<
In a sequence of 3 consonants, the middle one may bedropped if: C2 = t/d, C1 & C2= same voicing, C3 = not /h/
.k@9rs
mdHl.
.k@9r
mdHl.
.rdmc
eN.
.rdm
eN9.
/h/ may be deleted in weak forms when not group initial
.rdmc ghL.
.rdm HL.
may be deleted (followed by /r, n, l/ and with loss of 1
syllable:
.jzl?q?.
.jzlq?.
.gHrs?qh.
.gHrsqh.
may disappear in syllabicity environments (instead of
syllabicity) when a weak syllable follows (loss of syllable):
.qdjm<HM.
qdjmHM
Coalescence is a type of assimilation (bidirectional)
Consonant coalescence: /t d/ followed by /j/ (in gramm word)
may coalesce into /
sR
cY
.Czs it.
.CzsRt.
.vTc it.
vTcYt
Vowel coalescence: monophthonging: the diphtong /
/ is
often realized as /
.oiT?.
oiN
Compression: making 1 syllable out of 2 syllables
It can result from
.h*?.
→→→→
.
i?
.
.t*?.
→ →
→ →
.
v?
.
.gzoh?rs.
(3 syll)
→ →
→ →
.
gzoi?rs
.
(2 syll)
.Hmekt?mr.
(3 syll)
→→→→
.
Hmekv?mr
.
(2 syll)
Tripthongs may be compressed: they may lose their middle element
and sometimes even become a monophtong .`H*?,H.
→→→→
.
`?,H
. .@9.
.e`H?.
→→→→
.e`?. .e@9.
.`T*?,H.
→→→→
.
`?,H
. .@9.
.s`T?.
→→→→
.s`?. .s@9.
.NH*?,H.
→→→→
.
N?,H
.
.kNH?.
→→→→
.kN?. .e@9.
.sNHHM.
→→→→
.sNHM.
.dH*?,H.
→→→→
.
d?,H
.
.okdH?.
→→→→
.
okd?
.
.?T*?,H.
→→→→
.
?T,H
.
.f?THM.
→→→→
.f
?HM
.
Schwa deletion is also a type of compression when it results in loss of
1 syll: making 1 syllable out of 2 syllables
.gHrs?qh.
→→→→
.gHrsqh.
