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Apuntes History, Apuntes de Cultura Inglesa

Asignatura: Història i cultura dels països de parla anglesa, Profesor: Anna María Brígido, Carrera: Estudis Anglesos, Universidad: UV

Tipo: Apuntes

2015/2016

Subido el 15/05/2016

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UNIT 5: HISTOR(IES) OF THE USA
''In God We Trust'' rst who arrive to the US are the puritans
from the UK and European countries
''E pluribus unum'' From many, one. The original idea comes
from the rst colonies
America = melting pot (white, hispanic, afroamerican
population) or salad pot?
Melting pot population from the UK, Italy, Ireland (they
were starving) generated conict
History of America (North America) has been written by
western people who rst arrived. Language is manipulated in
their benet.
1 The Americas Before Colonization
Chief Seattle 1854
The 13th colonies
-North: more industrial.
-Middle: New York, New Jersey
-South: Georgia, Virginia, and Carolina.
-Representative governments.
-Beginning of frontier life.
A lot of immigrants from European origins, there were a lot of
diversity, it was really multicultural.
The Southern didn’t move to the west because there were a
natural barrier called Apalaches.
THE ROOTS OF REVOLUTION: Origins of Revolutionary War.
1 Seven Year War (1750s) Between France and England, in
order to control the territories and expand the colonies.
2 Settlers vs. Britain STAMP TAX. Everything that was
printed in the colonies had to be paid to Britain.
J. Hector St. John Crevecoeur: What is an American?
Described what life in the new territory was like for immigrant
settlers. Letters from an American Farmer (1782).
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UNIT 5: HISTOR(IES) OF THE USA

''In God We Trust'' – first who arrive to the US are the puritans from the UK and European countries ''E pluribus unum'' – From many, one. The original idea comes from the first colonies America = melting pot (white, hispanic, afroamerican population) or salad pot? → Melting pot → population from the UK, Italy, Ireland (they were starving) → generated conflict

History of America (North America) has been written by western people who first arrived. Language is manipulated in their benefit.

1 The Americas Before Colonization Chief Seattle 1854

The 13th colonies

-North: more industrial. -Middle: New York, New Jersey -South: Georgia, Virginia, and Carolina. -Representative governments. -Beginning of frontier life. → A lot of immigrants from European origins, there were a lot of diversity, it was really multicultural. → The Southern didn’t move to the west because there were a natural barrier called Apalaches.

THE ROOTS OF REVOLUTION: Origins of Revolutionary War.

1 Seven Year War (1750s) → Between France and England, in order to control the territories and expand the colonies. 2 Settlers vs. Britain → STAMP TAX. Everything that was printed in the colonies had to be paid to Britain. → J. Hector St. John Crevecoeur: What is an American? Described what life in the new territory was like for immigrant settlers. Letters from an American Farmer (1782).

→ Features: equality, hard-work and success are related. ''FROM RAGS TO

WESTWARD EXPANSION

Explorer Daniel Boon (1760s) – Appalachian Mountains

  • (^) Eurocentric vs. Native Concepts of Land

THE FRONTIER THESIS

  • Frederick Jackson Turner, ''The Significance of the Frontier in American History'' (1893)
  • GARDEN OF EDEN VS. WILDERNESS – Manifest Destiny
  • (^) Frontier between wilderness, barbarism, savagery and west and civilization
  • (^) Pioneers

''HOW THE WEST WAS LOST''

  • (^) Indian Removal Act 1830 → ANDREW JACKSON
  • Indian Territory try to adapt to European costumes
  • (^) Cherokee Trail of Tears 1838
  • Process of aculturation, racism

Can a state become independent? The reasons to become independent could be: -Economy. -Cultural issues. -History. -Rights: when the central government attacks a part of the state and it decides to become independent. Lincoln (16th president) won the 1860 election, he was an amazing president. The southern state did not want Lincoln to be president. They did not agree with his polices. Before he was officially in office, they began to secede. The first state to leave was South Carolina, but soon six more states (Georgia, Mississippi, Texas, Florida, Alabama and Louisiana), followed and together formed a new country called Confederacy. CONFEDERACY vs. UNION FEDERAL GOVERNMENT (black and white people fight to achieve the same purpose.) AMERICAN CIVIL WAR: began just a month after Lincoln took office. Reasons why the Southern States wanted to leave: -State rights. -Slavery: cotton plantations, sugar, tobacco. -Western States. -Abraham Lincoln. (the final straw: la gota que colma el vaso).

-The battle of Gettysburg. Lee had invaded the North and was trying to defeat the Union Army once

and for all. However, The Union Army held him off and sent him retreating. This was a major turning point in the war. John Wilkes Booth: he killed Lincoln, he was a sniper and a really patriotic person.

US AFTER WWI

  • Territorial expansion – Imperialism
  • World power after WWI
  • They were not as damaged as European countries
  • Economy: capitalism
  • Slavering

THE ROARING TWENTIES 1920s (felices años 20)

  • Crazy Economic Expansion model that everybody

began to imitate → CAPITALISM → they sold it as a

positive system

-Henry Ford → FORDISM

-8 HOUR MOVEMENT → ''8 h to live''

-Workers Unions fight

-Costs of products went down thanks to Ford

  • MODERNIST LITERATURE, ART AND ENTERTAINMENT →

People had free time to see films, organised

sports...women start working on male jobs.

  • WOMAN fighting patriarchy.
  • 1919 - 19th^ amendment
  • Alcohol is banned (but drinking was allowed)

1929: STOCK EXCHANGE CRASH

  • Especulation
  • CRASH AND DEPRESSION.
  • Black Thursday → NY Stock Exchange: bankrupcy and

unemployment