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BEAT MOVEMENT MID 1950
The Beat Generation was a group of American post-World War II writers who came to prominence in the 1950s, as well as the cultural phenomena that they both documented and inspired. Central elements of "Beat" culture included rejection of received standards, innovations in style, experimentation with drugs, alternative sexualities, an interest in Eastern religion, a rejection ofmaterialism, and explicit portrayals of the human condition.[1] Allen Ginsberg's Howl (1956), William S. Burroughs's Naked Lunch (1959) and Jack Kerouac's On the Road (1957) are among the best known examples of Beat literature.[2] Both Howl and Naked Lunch were the focus of obscenity trials that ultimately helped to liberalize publishing in the
United States.[3][4] The members of the Beat Generation developed a reputation as new bohemianhedonists, who celebrated non-conformity and spontaneous creativity.
The original "Beat Generation" writers met in New York. Later, in the mid-1950s, the central figures (with the exception of Burroughs) ended up together in San Francisco where they met and
became friends of figures associated with the San Francisco Renaissance.
In the 1960s, elements of the expanding Beat movement were incorporated into the hippie and larger counterculture movements.
Rejected 1950s values in american society Inspiratio colloquial language liberation through stimuli eastern religion
Allen Ginsberg Jack " Kérouac Michael McClure Lawrence Ferlinghetti Gary Sherman Snyder
In this movement the world became more involved in experience than inmediacy and they represent a group that attacked the literary forms and american values. It represents the new role of youth in history, they are essential for the youth movement in 1960, pushed by young people,the first revolution by young people and this was a clear result by this movement.
They were so revlutionary,that were considered as people who should be rejected as such.They were radical and were affected by the american way of life. And they emerged to revolution everything and the values.
There was a question for them, which is significant today for us, what sort of person am i?and where is my place in American society?
They were characterized by_ Beaten, as they considered themselves as beaten, because of the verb to beat, beated by the american society, they emerged in 50s but as a group in 60.
1º group reading in 1956 in san francisco and the official date but Jack come to write ''in the road'' in 1951 and the group was in a continual evolution.
americands iniciated the cold war which was a traumatic experience of a war which never finished,they were young and were exhausted.
So they were beaten by the conventional values, by this trauma and by the american way of life.
Interest in jazz, which follows a continual beat beatific, as they were interested in eastern religion, as budhism, as alternative,new forms while attacking conventional christian religion.
So they answered to that under 3 perspectives
-They changed their physical appearance, they were rebels agains society and considered them as outcasts
- They were familiar with drugs, heroin and psychodelic drugs as LSD. It was a way to open their minds, looking for new possibilities for creation
-They tried to revitalize certain kind of romantic boemians. A new way of life, separating themselves from the rest.
They were no innovatives, as they were no new, his level of outcast as frenchs, also political reactions no new, as transcendentalism..Thoureau for example attacking taaxes..
The new thing is that they were like heroes,able to retain elements defended by trascendentalism as the conection of man with nature.
Values they attacked:
1- they rejected post war values of the american society this was a minority in America, at that time it was a fantastic period for most people,money etc
essential values, frustation, looking for alternatives
2-'' the formal education. We can compare it with trascendentalism
Extreme interest on experimenting life, ''on the road''
URBAN
It was a movement that originated in the city, an urban movement, they celebrated the american city and this was opposed to the other movements in the past celebrating the rural landscapes but they developed poetry in the city.
EMOTION,PUBLIC Personal emotions were the primary interest in writing.this emotions should be made visible to the audience, to the public. They were idealized, open, what they did was visible for everybody and ALLEN was the best representative. Private is public and public is how we behave They had nothing to hide as their life style was followed by others even the way of dressing.
IMPROVISATION
Jazz, it was the subject in poems, as well as before an audience. There was a yuxtaposition of IMPROVISATION and SOCIETY. Beats were involved in a country with an explosion in economy. But it propiciated more traumetic experiences for them.
BEAT MOVEMENT
1)EXPERIENCE
2.INSPIRATION
3.COLLOQUIAL LANGUAGE
4DRUGS EXPERIENCE
5EASTERN RELIGION
Allen Ginsberg Jack " Kérouac Michael McClure ANNE WALDMAN AMIRI BARAKA DIANE DI PRIMA Gary Sherman Snyder
William Seward Burroughs Henry Miller
1)EXPERIENCE
People were experiencing in life and were much more interested in experience,as descendants from romanticism,they preferred to live more than imitating other'slife. they trusted in themselves, and didnt imitate other writers, they were self reliants, as trascendentalism 2.INSPIRATION
they also trusted in inspiration of the movement as free way of writin, without any revision, they preferred writing in brief period of time,Jack, was who wrote on the road in 20 days, and he spent day and night with drugs and didn't revise it.They used they inmediate inspiration.
3.COLLOQUIAL LANGUAGE
If they write that way, language was colloquial, it also became obsene sometimes for their contemporaries, it was innstrospective, very persona and it goes along with the inspiration or automatic writing.
4DRUGS EXPERIENCE
drugs were used to open the mind, liberated it, as minds were considered to be represed by the puritan conventions.
5EASTERN RELIGION
hinduism.The individual conciousness was the expansion of their personalities.
Beat G was antecedent fron the new values of the 1960's.Moral concerns of this new literature, art and the conciousness was desillution because of the post war period as man appeared as dispaired after tragic war and this was influenced by this nihilism. In which no experience is valid for men, the destiny of men is tragedym so this was radical, bitter in the beat movement.
In Allen or others we dont find it in academic forms, and they show how life is in a bitter way
They reacted against formalisms and prefered to be concerned with reality as such. Reality was irregular and full of loneliness.
In beat movement were two kind of writers, -the formalists, interested in traditional forms -the antiformalists, new instead of close verses, they were open writers, in an open form.
And this has been presented in american society until today.
They were the first literary national phenomena, they reached all american continent in 1965. They were defending revelion as essential issue. It had an enormous cultural influence, a radical movement.
The source of this movement is attached to:
-Trascendentalism: follows emerson, whitman, as nature,freedom..
-emphazis on individualism, they spoke fot the self, freedom of the self. -Spontaneity of the natural man, to achieve that they used drugs and religious experiences to find basic issues for man.
They rejected TS ELLIOT ETC which was closer to patterns, metrics etc,
William Seward Burroughs Henry Miller were different for beat g but tecniques were also influencial for beat g whit tecnique based on arbitrariness etc
They were attached to innovations and it was fruitfull at that time. They discovered a new process of writing, with reafirmation on the individual.
ALLEN G.
William c Williams
Jack k: spontaneity
Walt W
Psychodeic drugs
Budhism
experiences. There is a subjective approach to reality and budhism defended it. He was healthy and he died with 71 when many of his firends had disappeared because of drugas, but he remained alive. His most famous poem was Howl.
He did marketing researches and it suceded as was like a revolutionary poem for the revellion
it comes to represent marginalization of groups of people to focus on antistablishmen to add sexual delicacy, in howl there are references to include scatological references, issues..
the most famous aspect by which that he became popular was the subject of vietnam war,he was associated with peace movement, war was a motif to reach this popularity. He appeared everywhere
