Conditional and Wish Clauses, Diapositivas de Inglés

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CONDITIONALS

WISH – IF ONLY

TIME CLAUSES

By TeacherP

● There are two parts to a conditional sentence –

the condition and the result. The result depends on the condition.

● In English, we have " real conditionals " (which talk about

real possibilities) and " unreal conditionals " (which talk about imaginary or impossible situations). Here are some examples of each type:

CONDITIONALS

ZERO CONDITIONAL

If you don’t water flowers, they die. CONDITION RESULT

If you have a headache, stop watching TV.

With zero conditional, we express a general truth or we give advice.

If clause:

PRESENT SIMPLE,

Main clause: PRESENT SIMPLE or I MPERATIVE

Use of “If” ( condition ) vs “When” (time

clauses)

● If I have a day off from work, I usually go to the park.

(it implies that having a day off from work is not frequent)

● When I go to my favorite restaurant, the waiters greet me by name. (it implies that I go to this restaurant frequently)

The word if implies that a situation happens less frequently, and the word when implies it happens more frequently:

First Conditional: Real Future Possibilities

We can also reverse the order of the condition and result in the sentence, with no change in meaning: ❖ We'll go to the beach if it's sunny tomorrow. ❖ We'll go to the movies if it rains tomorrow.

Other words besides “If”

● In first conditional sentences, it is possible to use other words instead of “ if ” or “ unless ”:

When, as soon as, by the time, the moment (that), until … They are called time clauses but they have the same structure as First Conditional Sentences.

o As soon as (to emphasize immediacy): Ex: This situation is very urgent. I’ll call you as soon as I have more information.

o “As long as” or “providing that” mean “but only if”. Compare: They’ll succeed but only if they try hard. They’ll succeed as long as they try hard.

SUMMARY: Real Conditionals

• Conditionals are sentences in which one thing depends on another.
• Use the zero conditional for things that happen regularly in daily life - "If you freeze water, it turns to ice." Both verbs are in the present simple.
• The word if implies that a situation happens less frequently, and the word when implies it happens more frequently.
• Use the first conditional for things that are real possibilities in the future: "If it's sunny tomorrow, then we'll go to the beach." Although both events are technically in the future, we use the present simple in the condition, and will/going to in the result.

• You can use when instead of if when the condition

will definitely happen in the future.

• Use as soon as to emphasize that the result will

immediately follow the condition

• Use unless in place of "if not.“
• Use as long as or providing that to emphasize

the condition. It means “but only if”.

SUMMARY

Imagining the Present were different

● One simple way to imagine that things in the

present were different is to use wish + past simple (ojalá…) Example: I live near the beach, but I wish I lived near the mountains. My boyfriend is so busy that he has no time for me. I wish he didn’t work so much.

Second conditional

Now we'll take those wishes one step further and imagine the result; imagine what would happen if they were currently true. This is the second conditional :

Example:

If I lived near the mountains, I would go hiking every weekend.

If my boyfriend didn’t work so much, we'd go out more often.

One final note on Second Conditional

● Which is correct?

❖ If I was rich, I’d buy a boat. Or If I were rich, I’d buy a boat.

❖ If Dana was here right now, she’d agree.

❖ If Dana were here right now, she’d agree.

● Technically the correct answer is were in both cases… even though the subject is singular, we use were when talking about hypothetical situations. However, informally, more and more people are saying sentences like these with was when the subject is singular. It’s not correct, but it is common. To be on the safe side, it’s best to stick with were! ● One very common phrase for giving advice is in the second conditional: “If I were you, I’d…”

Jack wants to buy a house but he can’t do this because he doesn’t have any money.

If I had a lot of money, I would buy a big house.

SECOND CONDITIONAL

I wish I … I wish I had a lot of money to buy a house.

Practise time! 2

nd conditional

● Complete the sentences with the verbs in the correct tenses. Pay careful attention to which part of the sentence is the condition, and which part is the result! When possible, abbreviate “would” to “‘d”.

a) If you _____(eat) a healthy breakfast, you __________ (have) more energy.

b) I ___________ (call) him if I ___________ (have) his number. c) If he __________ (be) more organized, he __________________ (not forget) so many things.

d) How long _________________ (it take) if we __________ (hire) someone to do this work?

ate (^) ‘d have

‘d call had

were wouldn’t forget would it take hired

FIRST v. SECOND CONDITIONAL

THE DIFFERENCE: FIRST and SECOND CONDITIONAL Both conditionals refer to the present and future. The difference is about probability , not time. First conditional: real and possible situations Second conditional: unlikely to happen

If John runs fast, he will win the race.

If John ran fast, he would win the race.

This is still possible to happen.

This is unlikely to happen because John doesn’t run fast.