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CONDITIONAL CLAUSES
- Comienzan con if o unless = “si no”, “a menos que”, “a no ser que” : He’ll be upset if you don’t talk to him at once. (if + verbo negativo = unless + verbo positivo)
- Cuando la oración comienza por la proposición introducida por if , ésta normalmente va seguida de una coma (,) : If I knew her number , I’d phone her.
TIPOS PROP. CON IF /
UNLESS
PROPOSICIÓN
PRINCIPAL
EJEMPLOS
First conditional (probable)
Present simple
Will + verb ( = ‘ll + verb) Modal (can, may,…) + Verb
Imperative
Present simple (para indicar resultados habituales o automáticos)
- If I don’t hurry up, I’ll miss my first class.
- If I am late, I may call a taxi. - Don’t say anything unless you know what you’re talking about.
- Water boils if it reaches 100ºC.
Second conditional (improbable)
Past simple
Would + verb (= ‘d + verb)
Modal (could, might,…) + Verb
- If I won a million pounds, I would travel around the world.
- He’ d tell her if he knew the truth.
- If it stopped raining, we could go out.
Third conditional (impossible) Past Perfect
Would ( = ‘d) + have + Past perfect Modal (could, might,…) + have + past perfect
- If you had told us, we would have helped you.
- If the weather hadn’t been so bad, we might have gone out.
WISH CLAUSES
Wish y if only pueden usarse de la misma forma. If only con frecuencia se usa para dar más énfasis al deseo o lamento.
FORMA USO EJEMPLOS
Wish + would / Could + Verb
- Would cuando el sujeto de la oración condicional es distinto del de wish.
- Si usamos could en vez de would , el sujeto puede ser el mismo.
Normalmente hace referencia al futuro. Queja sobre el presente o deseo de cambio.
- I wish he could be here tomorrow.
- I wish she wouldn’t drive so fast.
- I wish it would stop raining.
Wish + past simple Lamento sobre una situación presente.
- I wish I knew her phone number. (I’m sorry I don’t know her number)
- I wish Peter were / was here now. (Both forms are possible)
Wish + past perfect Lamento sobre una situación pasada.
-I wish I hadn’t spent all my money. (I’m sorry I spent all my money)
- If only I hadn’t eaten so much cake. (I really feel ill because I ate too much cake.)
B) FILL IN THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERBS IN BRACKETS:
1.- If we …………………………….. (visitar) London next summer, we …………………………… (ir) to see some shows. 2.- If you …………………………….. (no decir) me about the sale last week, I ………………………… (no comprar) so many new clothes. 3.- What ……………………………………… (you/ hacer) if you …………………………….. (estar) in my position? 4.- She ………………………………………… (no venir) tomorrow unless you ………….……………. (invitar) her. 5.- I …………………………………………… (visitar) you in hospital if I …………………..…………. (saber) you were ill. 6.- If the weather …………………………….. (ser) fine tomorrow, we …………………………… (tener) a barbecue. 7.- If I …………………………….. (tener) enough money last month, I ………..………………………… (comprar) a ticket for the football match. 8.- If the temperature …………………………….. (baja) below zero, water .…………………………… (congelar). 9.- Tom …………………………….. (viajar) around the world if he ….………..………………………… (tener) more money but he doesn’t have much money. 10.- Jennifer and I met for the first time at Luke’s party. If we ….………………………………………… (no ir) to his party, we ………………………….……………. (never conocerse). 11.- If the driver ………………………………… (no quedarse) asleep at the wheel, he ……….………. (no causar) the accident. 12.- What …………………………………… (you/ hacer) if you …………………………….. (encontrar) one thousand euros in the street? 13.- Melissa ………………………………………… (no aprobar) her exams if she ………….…………. (no trabajar) harder next term. 14.- They …………………………………………… (llegar) on time if they .………………..…………. (coger) the earlier train yesterday.
C) COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITHOUT CHANGING THE MEANING:
1.- I bought this digital camera because the shop assistant recommended it. 2.- In order to be home by midnight, we should leave the party at 11.30. 3.- Jason didn’t go on the trip because he was ill. 4.- Because she practises every day, Emma is an excellent guitar player. 5.- They wanted to go to the shopping centre today, but they had to do homework instead. 6.- The Browns want to buy a new car, but they haven’t got enough money. 7.- The runner twisted his ankle because he fell. 8.- Water that reaches a temperature of 0 degrees, freezes. 9.- Diana was late for work because she woke up late.
- She isn’t tall; that’s why she can’t reach that shelf.
- They bought the cheapest computer because they didn’t have any more money.
- You eat too many sweets and that’s the reason your clothes don’t fit.
- I went to sleep very late last night because I was so excited.
- I don’t know the answer; that’s why I can’t help you.
D) COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES WITH LOGICAL ENDINGS:
1.- If he had applied for that job, …………………………………………………………... 2.- We would visit them if …………………………………………………………………. 3.- If I had a brother, ……………………………………………………………………….. 4.- I can’t help you unless ………………………………………………………………….. 5.- She will be very happy if ……….…………………………………………………………... 6.- Unless your behaviour improves, ……………………………………………………………. 7.- I would learn more if …..…………………………………………………………………….. 8.- You wouldn’t have enjoyed the party if .…………………………………………………….. 9.- If she went to school more often,….………..……………………………………………….... 10.- She would be more popular if …………………………………………………………... 12.- Dan would have known about the accident if .……………………………………………. 13.- If I were you, ……….…………………………………………………………………….. 14.- I’ll go to the cinema with you unless ……………………………………………………..
