Grammar Reported Speech, Apuntes de Inglés

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REPORTED SPEECH

REPORTED SPEECH

What is it? How do you use it?

It is the grammar we use if we want to tell another person about a conversation that took place in the past (e.g. phone call, news or story someone told us) Where’ s Tom? He said he was feeling ill.

What has changed? Pronouns: my her I she Tenses: is was love loved Time words: tonight that night becomes becomes becomes

Changes in verb tenses

do did

(Present Simple) (Past Simple)

am/is/are doing was/were doing

(Present Continuous) (Past Continuous)

has /have done had done

(Present Perfect) (Past Perfect)

will do would do

(Future Simple) (Conditional) becomes becomes becomes becomes

Changes in MODAL VERBS

Change of adverbs of time & place 8

SAY and TELL

• (^) If you say whowho you are talking to, use TELL :
  • (^) Sonia told me that you were ill. ( not “Sonia said me”)
  • What did you tell the police? ( not “say the police”)
• (^) Otherwise use SAY :
  • Sonia said that you were ill. (not “Sonia told that”)
  • (^) What did you say?
• (^) But you can “SAY something TO somebody”:
  • (^) Ann said goodbye to me and left. ( not “Ann said me goodbye”)
  • (^) What did you say to the police? 10

Rewrite the sentences in Reported Speech Rewrite the sentences in Reported Speech 1- ‘I want a bite of your sandwich!’ she said. 2- ‘We have been waiting outside the museum for hours’ she said. 3- ‘A florist prepares the bouquets,’ she said. She said that she wanted a bit of my sandwich. She said that they had been waiting outside the museum for hours. She said that a florist prepared the bouquets

7- Dr. Henry Smith said: “The tests with dolphins didn't teach us anything.” He said the tests with dolphins hadn’t taught them anything 8- Professor Silvia Black said: “My work has been very useful.” She said her work had been very useful. 9- Dr. HemySmith said: “Humans will never be able to talk to animals.” He said humans would never be able to talk to animals.

10- Professor Silvia Black: “In the future, I will learn to understand all animals.” She said that in the future she would learn to understand all animals. 11- Dr. Henry Smith “I can copy bird song, but I can’ t communicate with birds.” He said that he could copy bird songs, but he couldn’t communicate with birds.

Two types of questions:

WH- WORD + SUBJECT + VERB + COMPLEMENTS Peter asked: " When do you play football?" Peter asked me when I played football. IF / WHETHER + SUBJECT + VERB + COMPLEMENTS Peter asked : " Do you play football?" Peter asked me whether/if I played football. WH- WORD questions YES/NO QUESTIONS

Reported questions

• (^) ‘How are you going to pay?’

The cashier asked me…

• (^) ‘Who is your favourite actor?’

She asked me…

• (^) ‘Have you been ill?’

My friend wondered…

• (^) ‘Do we have to answer all the questions?’

The students asked…

Reported orders/requests

• (^) We keep the changes in time and place expressions, pronouns and verb tenses.
• (^) The structure is: tell + someone + to + infinitive tell + someone + not to + infinitive Affirmative Negative Father: «Do your homework!» My father told me to do my homework. Teacher: «Don’t talk to your friend» The teacher told me not to talk to my friend.

Rewrite the sentences in reported speech.

• (^) ‘Give me your essays,’ the teacher told us. The teacher told us to give her the essays/ the essays to her.
  • (^) ‘Don’t eat in the classroom!’ she told John. She told John/him not to eat in the classroom.
  • (^) ‘Show me your homework,’ she told the students. She told them to show her their homework.
    • (^) ‘Don’ t be late tomorrow!’ she told Jenny. She told Jenny/her not to be late.