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Time toSoundOff– MilitaryService, Individual Freedom,and
Gender Equality
Militaryservice has always beenacontroversialtopic,especiallyinsocieties thatvalue freedomandpersonalchoice.Inthe readingTimetoSound Off, differentopinionsare expressedaboutwhethermilitaryservice shouldbe voluntaryor compulsory,and whether womenshouldbe allowedtoserveincombatroles.These discussionsreflect deeper questionsaboutresponsibility,equality,stereotypes,andtheroleof citizensin modernnations.
Inmyview,thisdebateisnotsimplyaboutthe militaryitself,butabouthowsocieties balance individualrightswithcollectiveresponsibilities.As societieschange and social valuesshift, opinions aboutnationalservice andgender rolescontinue toevolve.
Voluntaryor Compulsory Military Service
One of thestrongestarguments againstcompulsorymilitaryserviceisthatitinterferes withindividual freedom. People arenotall the same;theyhavedifferentinterests, abilities,andtemperaments. Whenyoungpeopleare forcedtojointhemilitary, many ofthemfeelthattheir personalgoals arebeingignored.Some mayseemilitary service asa meaningful enterprise,while othersmayfeelthatitdoesnotfittheir personal niche insociety.
Ifmilitary serviceisvoluntary, thosewhochoose toenlistusually dosobecause they are motivated and committed. Motivationis animportantfactorinperformance, especiallyinenvironmentsthatrequirediscipline andresponsibility. Beingmotivated rather thanforced,individualstendtobemore conscientious andengaged.
Ontheother hand,supporters ofcompulsoryservice argue thatcitizensowe somethingtotheir country.Theybelieve thatnational servicepromotesequalityand sharedresponsibility.Althoughthisargumentsoundsreasonable,it ignoresthe fact thatcompulsory service cansometimes goawry,especiallywhenpeople feel resentmentrather thanpride.
Ifmilitaryservice were compulsoryfor everyone,governmentswould needtocarefully consider itssocialconsequences.Ifindividual differences had beentakeninto accountearlier, publicresistancemighthavebeenlower insome countries.
National Service Beyond the Military
ApointraisedinTimetoSoundOff thatIstronglyagree withis the ideaof national service beyondthe military. Rather thanforcingeveryone intothe armedforces, governments couldoffer alternativessuchasworkinginhospitals,schools,or humanitarianorganizations.
Itis essentialthat nationalservicebeflexible,becausenot allcitizens are prepared for military life.Someindividuals cancontribute more effectivelyincivilianroles, wheretheyhelpmitigate social problemsor enhancecommunitywell-being. Avoidingdirectconfrotation,this approachallows people toservetheir countrywhile stilldevelopingasenseof responsibility.
Women in the Military and Combat Roles
Another central issueinthe readingis whether womenshouldbe allowedtoparticipate incombat.Jerryarguesthatwomenarenotphysicallysuitedforcombatandthat fightingis notfeminine. Thisviewisbasedlargelyonstereotypesrather thanevidence.
Inreality,the prevalence ofwomeninmodernarmedforcesshows thatgender alone doesnotdetermine ability.Manywomenhave proventhemselves capable ofhandling demandingroleswhengivenproper training.Whattruly matters ishowprepared a soldier is,notwhether thatsoldier is male or female.
Frommypointofview,preventingwomenfromservingincombatroles simply reinforces outdatedideas.Ifwomenmeetthesamestandards asmen, they should havethesameopportunities. Excludingthemlimitsequalityandignores the inherent potential individualshave regardless of gender.
Media,Society,and Changing Perspectives
Themediaplays animportantrole inshapingpublicopinionaboutmilitaryservice. Throughvivid images anddramaticstories,the mediacaninducefear oradmiration. Whenpeople constantly see negativeportrayalsofthe military,they may infer that serviceonlyleads todangerand loss.
However,modernmilitaries haveundergoneasignificantshift. Today,manyarmed forcesfocusnotonlyoncombatbutalsoonpeacekeeping, disaster relief,and international cooperation. Thesechangesreflectbroader socialmovementstoward equalityandinclusion,whichparallel changes incivilianlife.
Inthe reading,Jerry states, “Militaryservice should be voluntary,” emphasizing freedom.Sarah,ontheother hand, explainsthatshe has served inthemilitary and expressesher willingnesstofightifnecessary. Shesaid thatshewas ready todefend her country, whichstrengthens her argumentandchallenges Jerry'sassumptions.
Conclusion
militaryserviceandthe role ofwomenincombatremaindeeplycontroversial issues. After consideringdifferentperspectives,I believethatmilitary service shouldbe primarily voluntary,withstrongnational servicealternatives available.Atthesame time,womenshouldbe allowed andencouraged toserve inallmilitaryroles,including
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4151859/
VOCABULARY
1)Arbitrary (Unit 21)
Meaning: decidedwithoutaclear reason; kindof random. 3synonyms: random,capricious,unreasonable. 3sentences(long)withthe word incontextand inbold:
- Myteachersometimesseemsarbitrary,because onedayhe says “use connectors," butthe nextdayhe saysitis toomuch,soIgetconfused.
- I don’ tlike arbitrary rulesinclass,because if nobodyexplains the reason, peoplejustfollowthemfor fear,notbecause theyunderstand.
- Whenmyfriendchangesthe planatthe lastminute for anarbitrary reason,I feel annoyed;however,I stilltrytoadaptsowedon’ tfight.
2)Capable
Meaning: able todosomethingwell. 3synonyms: able, competent, skilled. 3sentences:
- I know I'm capable ofspeakingEnglishbetter, because whenI practice alittle everydayIcanexplainmyideas better,andthatmakesme feel confident.
- Myfriendis capable ofworkingandstudyingatthesame time,soeventhough heistired,he still finishes everythingwithdiscipline.
- Ifyou think youarenotcapable,you willstoptooearly;butif youtrystepbystep, youwillseeyou candomore thanyou thought.
3)Civility
Meaning: politeandrespectful behavior. 3synonyms: politeness,courtesy,respect. 3sentences:
- Evenwhenwe disagree inagroupchat,we needcivility,becauseifwe start insulting, the problemgetsbiggerand nobodylistens.
- InLimatrafficyoucansee little civility sometimes,butwhensomeone lets you pass,youfeel like “ok,people canbe nicetoo.”
- AtICPNA,civility helpsalot,because you cancorrectyour classmate’ sEnglish kindly,andtheywon’ tfeel embarrassed.
4)Conscientious
Meaning: careful andresponsible aboutwhatyou do. 3synonyms: diligent,careful, responsible. 3sentences:
- I trytobe conscientious withmyhomework,because if Irushit,I makesilly mistakesandthenIwaste more time later.
- Myclassmate issuper conscientious, sohe alwayschecks theinstructions twice,andthat's whyhis projects look cleanandorganized.
- Beingconscientious doesn'tmeanbeingperfect;itjustmeans you care,you payattention,andyou don'tdothings inalazyway.
5)Compulsory
Meaning: somethingyoumustdo; it'srequired. 3synonyms: mandatory,required,obligatory. 3sentences:
- Ifattendanceiscompulsory, Iprefertoknowitfromthe start,becausethenIcan planmyweek andnotmiss classes.
- Some rules feelcompulsory andstressful; however,if theyhelppeople learn better,Icanacceptthem.
- Whenaschoolmakesaprojectcompulsorybutdoesn'texplainthe rubric, studentsgetnervous,sotheteacher shouldguide usmore.
6)Controversial
Meaning: people stronglydisagree aboutit. 3synonyms: debatable,disputed,contentious. 3sentences:
- Talkingaboutpolitics atlunchiscontroversial,because one personsaysone thing,another says the opposite,and theneveryonegetsmad.
- Some gymtopicsare controversial,like supplementsandquick results,soI prefer toaskforfactsandnotjusttrustTikTok comments.
- Evenmystudymethodhadtoevolve,because readingonlywasnotenough,so nowIalsospeakandwritetoimprove faster.
10)Formulate
Meaning: tocreateor plananideacarefully. 3synonyms: devise,create,draft. 3sentences:
- Before anexam,I formulateasimpleplan,like “reviewgrammar first,then vocabulary," soIdon'tstudyinamessyway.
- Whenmyfriendhasaproblem,I help himformulatewhathe wantstosay, because sometimes emotions block your words.
- Ifyou formulateyour opinionwithreasons andexamples,people will respect youmore,eveniftheydon'tagreewithyou.
11)Inhibit
Meaning: topreventor stopsomethingfromhappening. 3synonyms: hinder,restrain,prevent. 3sentences:
- Fear caninhibityour speaking, becauseyou think youwillsoundsilly,andthen youstayquietevenwhenyou knowtheanswer.
- Loudnoiseathome caninhibitmystudytime,soI putonheadphones;however, sometimesitstilldistractsme.
- Ifyou don't sleepwell,itcaninhibityourmemory,soyou forgetwordsthatyou actuallystudiedthedaybefore.
12)Innovator
Meaning: apersonwhocreates newideasor newwaystodothings. 3synonyms: inventor,pioneer,trailblazer. 3sentences:
- Aninnovator doesn't onlyhave ideas;he alsotriestheminreallife,soevenifhe fails,helearnsandimproves.
- Intech,everyinnovator wants tomakelife easier,like withappsthatsavetime, butsometimes peoplealsobecome toodependent.
- I respectaninnovatorbecause hethinksdifferently,andalthoughpeople may criticizehimatfirst,later theycopywhathe did.
13)Mediate(Unit 23)
Meaning: tohelptwosides talkandsolveaconflict. 3synonyms: negotiate,arbitrate,intervene. 3sentences:
- Whenmyfriendsargue,I trytomediate,because ifI letthemfight,thefriendship couldbreak,andthatwouldbe sad.
- Agood teacher canmediateproblems ingroupwork,because he listens toboth sides, andthenhehelpsusfindafair solution.
- I don't like drama,soif there is tension, Imediate calmly; however,if someoneis disrespectful,I alsosetlimits.
14)Resistant
Meaning: notwillingtochange;stronglyagainstsomething. 3synonyms: opposed,unwilling,stubborn. 3sentences:
- Some peopleare resistanttolearningEnglishbecause theythink itistoohard, butif theypractice littlebylittle,theycanenjoyit.
- I was resistanttowakingupearly. However, whenI diditfora week,I noticedI hadmore time andless stress.
- Ifyou areresistanttofeedback,you will staythe same, butifyoulistenand improve,you will growfaster.
15)Shift
Meaning: tochangeor movefromone thingtoanother. 3synonyms: change,switch,move. 3sentences:
- I hadtoshiftmyschedule becausemyclass time changed,andalsoI wanted more hourstostudyandrest.
- Sometimes the conversationcanshift fromjokes toserious topics,soyouneed tobecareful withyour words andyour tone.
- Social mediaissoubiquitous thatevenwhenyouwanttorelax,notificationscan stillfollowyou,sosometimesyouneedabreak.
- Englishwordsareubiquitous inmusic andmovies,soevenif you don'tstudy, youstill hearsome phrases andyou learnabit.
19)Violated
Meaning: brokenornotrespected(arule,aright, aboundary). 3synonyms: breached,infringed,broken. 3sentences:
- I feltmyprivacywas violated whensomeonecheckedmyphone withoutasking, because trustisimportantinfriendships.
- Ifthe rulesare violatedinaclassroom,the environmentbecomeschaotic,sothe teacher shouldbeclear andfair withconsequences.
- Whensomeone's boundariesare violated,theycanfeel angryorsad; therefore, we shouldaskpermissionandrespectpeople.
20)Vivid
Meaning: veryclearandstronginyour mind; easytoimagine. 3synonyms: clear,graphic,striking. 3sentences:
- I still have avividmemoryofmyfirstdayatICPNA,becauseI was nervous,but alsoexcited,andeverythingfeltnew.
- Avividexamplehelpsme learngrammar,becausewhenthe sentence feels real,I rememberthe structure better.
- Whenastoryisvivid,youcanimaginethe place andthe feelings,soevenif it's justwords,itfeelslike amovie inyour head.
QUIZZES
Unit 16— Adverbs: Sentence, Focus, and Negative(5questions)
U16-1.__________,Ididn''tunderstandthe instructions thefirsttime. A) Only B) Honestly C) Hard D) Just
U16-2.I __________forgotmypassport;I leftitonthe table. A) nearly B) near C) nearest D) nearlyto
U16-3.I ___________don'tagree withyou; Ithink youare wrong. A) just B) only C) even D) already
U16-4.__________ haveI seensuchalongline atthebank. A) Never B) Never I C) Inever D) Notnever
U16-5.I __________finishedmyhomework,soI'mgoingtosleepnow. A) yet B) still C) already D) even
U18-2.__________ the bus,I realizedI forgotmywallet. A) WhileI take B) Taking C) Totake D) Take
U18-3.She spoke __________tobe respectful,notrude. A) polite B) politely
C) politeness D) morepolite
U18-4.I sawhim__________atthe door. A) yesterday B) quick C) quickly D) quickest
U18-5.Heleftearly,__________he hadanappointment. A) because B) quickly C) being D) in
Unit 19— Connectors(5questions)
U19-1.I studieda lot. __________,I still feltnervousintheexam. A) however B) because C) therefore D) so
U19-2.Myphonebatterywasdead; __________,I couldn't call you. A) therefore B) although C) besides D) unless
U19-3.Bringyour ID;__________,theywon’ tletyouenter. A) otherwise
B) besides C) however D) for instance
U19-4.I don’ twanttogoout; __________,I’ mtryingtosavemoney. A) besides B) however C) otherwise D) instead
U19-5.I lovethatrestaurant; __________,theceviche isamazing. A) for instance B) therefore C) otherwise D) although
Unit 20— NounClauses: Subjects,Objects, andComplements(5questions)
U20-1.__________ you saidsurprisedeveryone inthe room. A) What B) That C) Which D) Whose
U20-2.I don'tknow__________ heis comingor not. A) what B) whether C) where D) whose
U20-3.She told me__________ she wastired,sohewenthome. A) that B) what C) where D) whose
U20-4.Theproblemis__________we don’ thaveenoughtime. A) that B) what C) where D) how
C) tomorrow D) nextweek
Unit 22— Conditionals; Other WaystoExpress Unreality (5questions)
U22-1.If I__________ more time,I wouldstudyeveryday. A) have B) had C) will have D) amhaving
U22-2.If he studies tonight, he __________pass the testtomorrow. A) would B) will C) wouldhave D) had
U22-3.I wouldn'tgoouttonight__________ Ihada goodreason. A) unless B) because C) so D) when
U22-4.If you __________late again,theteacher will getmad. A) are B) were C) wouldbe D) hadbeen
U22-5.__________ you needhelp,callme. I'mfreetoday. A) If B) Eventhough C) Because D) Whereas
Unit 23— More Conditions; The Subjunctive (5questions)
U23-1.I wishI__________ more confidentwhenIspeak English. A) am
B) were C) will be D) have been
U23-2.It'simportantthathe__________ ontime for theinterview. A) be B) is C) was D) being
U23-3.If onlyI__________ earlier,Iwouldn't be sostressednow. A) wake up B) woke up
C) will wakeup D) wakingup
U23-4.I'd rather you __________mebefore youusemylaptop. A) ask B) asked C) will ask D) are asking
U23-5.It'stime we __________studyingseriously,because theexamis soon. A) start B) starting C) will start D) started
Answer Key:
Unit16: 1-B,2-A,3-A,4-A, 5-C Unit17: 1-A,2-D,3-A,4-A,5-B
Unit18: 1-A,2-B,3-B,4-C,5-A Unit19: 1-A,2-A, 3-A,4-A,5-A
Unit20: 1-A,2-B,3-A,4-A, 5-B Unit21: 1-B,2-C,3-B,4-B,5-B
Unit22: 1-B,2-B,3-A,4-A,5-A Unit23: 1-B,2-A,3-B,4-B,5-D
