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LINGUIS
TICS
What is linguisti cs? Is the scientific study of the human language. Capacity that underlines capacity that all languages have in common, we give it for granted.
We can’t say if its in a brand of scientific or humanities, more than 6000 thousand languages.
Verbal can’t be confused with spoken
SPEECH
SIGN
Speech- mouth, brain, vocal threat, motor most complex action and fast human performances even sleeping. As a reflex Vocal-auditory modality ears Sign- gestural-visual, hand, facial expression
FOUNDATION Phonetics- study of sounds, when we speak, phonetics physics how waves sounds works. Sequential units Segments- minimal sequential units in spoken language. [phonetics] acoustics auditory articulatory
/phonology/ studies sounds more abstract way, not in they roll material but in the functional dimension
Spanish has no distinction in phonology, useless
Catalan Italian yes
Syntax- deals with how words put together made a sentence. Difference between a list of words and a sentence, ambiguous.
Natural language: it develops spontaneous in human, are done just with the human body depend with the part is speech or sign.
Phonology and syntax are both interested in form rather than in content. Syntax is not a list of words, is by grouping in a hierarchically structure that goes with the science.
Lexicon- the amount of words you have in your head/mind
Semantics- lead deals with words, the branch of linguistics and logic concerned with meaning. The two main areas are logical semantics , concerned with matters such as sense and reference and presupposition and implication, and lexical semantics , concerned with the analysis of word meanings and relations between them. Syntax, is also producing meaning, build sentence
Morphology- building of words, simple words, no structure. Deals with the structure of words, syntax with the structure that you build with words. Infinite number of sentences we can produce and understand. Language is productivity, you can produce sentences all the time.
Pragmatics- explore the use of language. The branch of linguistics dealing with language in use and the contexts in which it is used, including such matters as deixis, the taking of turns in conversation, text organization, presupposition, and implicature.
Sociolinguistics- 2 kinds, one is interested in the attitude of the speakers, studying ideas of language that people have. Second, studies how social economical dimension coverall, coverage with linguistics features (Labov). The study of language in relation to social factors, including differences of regional, class, and occupational dialect, gender differences, and bilingualism.
Linguistic anthropology- variation, relationship between culture and language, (BOAS)- every language is a window on the world, a view of the world. (relativism) Different variations semantic Kinds ship- mother, father Numeral system
Neurolinguistics: the neutral bases of language, not all primer brain can make language, we get a language ready brain. Has a clinical applyment. APHASIA
Cognitive revolution- Noen Chomsky, George Miller Experiment: Discreetness (segments, words, syllabus, morphemes), sequentially, linearity
Categorization Segments Sequencial- minimal sequential unit Features Simultaneals – minim units Morphems free can be a word , there are plural and singual Grouping Phon features Segments made by combination Group to make syllabus Morphemes combination complex words RECURSION is something any properly applies two phrases, evading phrase with in a phrase. "is a phenomenon where a linguistic rule can be applied to the result of the application of the same rule."
Its thanks to this property that the number of sentences that we can made infinitive despite the number of words is infinite.
long distance relation Applies only for syntax, like pronouns, anaphora
Lexical vs functional
Lexicon Contentful Morfheme/words l l Nouns Verbs (open classes) ( you can always add some element Adjectives Lexicon is open-ended: the number of words is hugged but limited
Sentence- frase Phrase-sintagma Clause-oració +meaning Words Morphemes
Syllabus Segments -meaning features
Grammar(THE GLUE) Relational/functional elements Lack descriptive content
IS RESPONSIBLE OF REFERENECE Vowels and consonant we couldn’t have the huge lexical the human beings have. Allows us to
COMPOSITIONALITY- obtains not only for the meaning of individual elements plus the way you organize the elements, also how elements are organized. Syntactic ambiguity- result an adherence being compatible, hiding two difference sentences Syntatix grouping has asymmetry
DESING FEATURES OF LANGUE ANIMAL COMMUNICATION The design features of language Charles Hockett 1958
