Morphology Unit2, Apuntes de Idioma Inglés

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S

Unit 2. English

Morphology

Inflectional and Derivational Morphology

S What’s in a Word

Orthographic, Phonological

and Meaning Criteria

The concept “WORD”  (^) A word is a unit which, at least in print, is bounded by spaces on both sides.  (^) How many words are there in the following sentences  (^) John goes to Lisbon next week, and he intends going to Sydney next month.  (^) I’ve checked the meaning of this word in an up-to-date dictionary. Orthographic word 1 4 TYPE VS. 12 clitics clitics

The concept “WORD” (2)  (^) Potential pauses  (^) Stress (esp. English compounds > stress on first element)  (^) Speakers do not normally or necessarily produces pauses  (^) Limited applicability  (^) Some compounds stress second element (e.g. country house)  (^) Some words contain two primary stresses (e.g. noteworthy)  (^) the, by, if, have, would > no stress in ordinary speech  (^) Clitics > no words Phonetic realisation

The concept “WORD” (3)

Words as “units of

meaning”

Words as “units of

meaning”

“John” “cat” “my next door

neighbour”

Ein Ein

Taking stock…  (^) Problems with the term “WORD”  (^) Orthographic criterion  (^) Phonological criterion  (^) Meaning criterion  (^) No universally accepted definition in semantics  (^) Two other senses of the term “WORD” (central to morphology)  (^) “dictionary word” > LEXEME  (^) “concrete word” > WORD-FORM

S Formal features of words

Syntactic representations

Lexical Integrity Principle

Internal Stability

Lexical Integrity Principle

 Words as interruptible units

 Their internal structure cannot be modified by

syntactic units

 whiteboard > a white- wall-mounted –board

 re – present – ation

Exceptions…

 ABLAUT

 (^) sing – sang – sung sing - song

 Some loose prefixes or suffixes

 (^) pre- and even to some extent post-war (economies)  (^) pro- as opposed to anti-war  (^) hypo- but not hyper-glycaemic

S Lexemes, word- forms and grammatical forms

Lexeme  (^) A word in the abstract sense, e.g. LIVE  (^) Core meaning shared by forms such as live, lives, lived, and living.  (^) ‘Dictionary word’  (^) Abstract entity  (^) Convention  (^) No phonological form  (^) Represented in SMALL CAPITAL LETTERS

Practice…  (^) COME  (^) SING  (^) WALK  (^) GO Write the word-forms of the following lexemes (indicate grammatical function):

Practice…  (^) COME  (^) come  (^) comes  (^) coming  (^) came  (^) come  (^) SING  (^) sing  (^) sings  (^) singing  (^) sang  (^) sung  (^) WALK  (^) walk  (^) walks  (^) walking  (^) walked  (^) walked  (^) GO  (^) go  (^) goes  (^) going  (^) went  (^) gone Write the word-forms of the following lexemes (indicate grammatical function):