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Present Simple
Affirmative Form
Formation: Subject + Present Simple Verb + Object
Subjects Example First-Person Singular: Second-Person Singular:
I
You I work in a bank. You work in a bank. Third-Person Singular: He She It He works in a bank. She works in a bank. It works well. First-Person Plural: Second-Person Plural: Third-Person Plural: We You They We work in a bank. You work in a bank. They work in a bank.
Present Simple Verb Formation
The present simple verb uses the infinitive form of a verb in every subject (I, You, We, You, They) except He, She or It (Third-Person Singular). In that case, there is a special formation for the verb that goes with those subjects. If the verb ends in: Almost every consonant (Except Y) and -E
– SH, –CH,
– S,–X, –SS, –Z
Consonant + Y Vowel + Y We add: -S -ES -IES (omitting Y) -S Examples: Accept – Accepts I accept that. He accepts that. Call – Calls You call me every day. She calls me every day. Talk – Talks I talk too much. He talks too much Hate – Hates We hate that book. She hates that book. Wash – Washes They wash the dishes. It washes the dishes. Watch – Watches I watch tv shows. He watches tv shows. Fry – Fries You fry three eggs. She fries three eggs. Copy – Copies We copy our CVs. He copies his CV. Play – Plays They play nicely. She plays nicely. Stay – Stays I stay at The Ritz. He stays at The Ritz. Irregulars: Do – Does You do your homework. She does her homework. Go – Goes We go on holiday. He goes on holiday.
Present Simple Auxiliary Verb: DO
Every verbal tense has its own auxiliary verb: a verb that goes in a specific position of the sentence. It helps us to form negative and interrogative sentences. The auxiliary verb which goes with present simple tense is DO for every subject (I, You, We, You, They) except He, She or It. As we already know, the special formation of DO when it is used with He, She or It, is DOES, and it is the auxiliary that goes with a present simple tense, when the subject is He, She or It (Third-Person Singular). To form the negative auxiliary for the present simple verb, we need to write down NOT after DO or DOES. There are short forms each of them. When we form interrogative sentences, we put DO or DOES just before the subject. When we use negative and interrogative sentences in present simple, we write the main verb as an infinitive verb, as we are including DO or DOES in the sentence, they are already telling us if the subject is I, You, We, You or They (DO); or, if it is He, She or It (DOES). I, Y We, Yo Short
DO +
DO
He, Sh Short
DOES
DOE
Negative Form
Formation: Subject + Do / Does + Not + Infinitive Verb + Object
Subjects Example First-Person Singular: Second-Person Singular:
I
You I do not like tea. / I don’t like tea. You do not like tea. / You don’t like tea. Third-Person Singular: He She It He does not like tea. / He doesn’t like tea. She does not like tea. / She doesn’t like tea It does not like tea. / It doesn’t like tea. First-Person Plural: Second-Person Plural: Third-Person Plural: We You They We do not like tea. / We don’t like tea. You do not like tea. / You don’t like tea. They do not like tea. / They don’t like tea
Interrogative Form
Formation: Do / Does + Subject + Infinitive Verb + Object +?
Subjects Example Short Answers First-Person Singular: Second-Person Singular:
I
You Do I play football? Do you play football? Yes, you do. / No, you don’t Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. Third-Person Singular: He She It Does he play football? Does she play football? Does it play football? Yes, he does. / No, she doe Yes, she does. / No, he doe Yes, it does. / No, it doesn First-Person Plural: Second-Person Plural: Third-Person Plural: We You They Do we play football? Do you play football? Do they play football? Yes, you do. / No, you don’t Yes, we do. / No, we don’t. Yes, they do. / No, they don
Present Simple with the verb To Be
The verb To Be is a very special verb. When we use it in present simple, it replaces both, the verb a auxiliary.
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
Formation:
Subject + Am / Is / Are + Object
Formation:
Subject + Am / Is / Are + not +
Object Formation:
Am / Is / Are + Subject + Obje
I
You I am happy. You are happy.
I
You I *am not happy. You *are not happy.
I
You *Am I happy? *Are you happy? He She It He is happy. She is happy. It is happy. He She It He *is not happy. She *is not happy. It *is not happy. He She It *Is he happy? *Is she happy? *Is it happy? We You Thy We are happy. You are happy. They are happy. We You They We *are not happy. You *are not happy. They *are not happy. We You They *Are we happy? *Are you happy? *Are they happy?
Subject + Verb to be + not (Short Forms)
Whole Form Subject + Verb Verb + not Examples I am not You are not He is not She is not It is not We are not You are not They are no I’m not You’re not He’s not She’s not It’s not We’re not You’re not They’re not
You aren’t He isn’t She isn’t It isn’t We aren’t You aren’t They aren’t I’m not happy. / – You’re not happy. / You aren’t ha He’s not happy. / He isn’t happ She’s not happy. / She isn’t hap It’s not happy. / It isn’t happy We’re not happy. / We aren’t hap You’re not happy. / You aren’t ha They’re not happy. / They aren’t h
Use of verb to be in present simple: We use this verb when we want to explain how or wh
person, animal, thing or state is. It’s also used to say where a person animal or thing is. That is why, aft verb to be (object) we use and adjective, place or noun clause.
Subject + Am / Is / Are
Subject + Am / Is / Are + not
Am / Is / Are + Subject
Adjective Noun Place I am tall. You aren’t bald. Is she upset? We are teachers. He isn’t a student. Are they good friends? I’m not at the cinema. He is in a bank. Is it in its place?
Error Warning: Don’t confuse the present simple of the verb to be with the present continuous. I
have any doubt, note that after the verb to be goes and adjective, a noun or a place if it is present sim the verbal tense is present continuous the verb to be will be follow by a gerund verb (-ING)
