¡Descarga Common Errors Affecting Cohesion in Scientific Writing: The Case of 'Además' - Prof. Belli y más Apuntes en PDF de Idioma Inglés solo en Docsity!
Redacción científica en inglés • semestre 2011-1 • Conectores: errores comunes que afectan la cohesión de los escritos
Además “Además” can be moreover or ‘in addition to’ as well as besides. Mi diccionario dice: "Besides versus moreover: Both indicate something additional to what has already been stated. "Besides" suggests that the addition is in the nature of an afterthought: The bill cannot be paid as yet; besides, the work is not completed. "Moreover" is more formal and implies that the addition is something particular, emphatic, or important: I did not like the house; moreover, it was too high-priced. " Pensamientos triviales que se te ocurrieron después (afterthoughts) realmente no tienen un lugar en nuestra prosa científica, que tienen un flujo lógico contundente. Por lo tanto, casi no utilizarán "besides" en sus escritos.
Además: “, además de,” = in addition to Además, .. = in addition, besides being, moreover, F 0 4 CAll of the additional species have been reported as parasites of solifuges, as well as pycnogonid mutualists. Besides, most of these species produce various batrachotoxins, many of which are major global health problems in Iceland. F 0 4 AAll of the additional species have been reported as parasites of solifuges, as well as pycnogonid mutualists. In addition (or moreover), most of these species produce various batrachotoxins, many of which are major global health problems in Iceland.
F 0 4 CThe greatest affinity of the palaemonid fauna studied, besides that with the Caribbean province is with the Brazilian, Argentinian and Texan zoogeographic provinces. F 0 4 AThe greatest affinity of the palaemonid fauna studied, in addition to that with the Caribbean province is with the Brazilian, Argentinian and Texan zoogeographic provinces.
F 0 4 CThe members of the Enriquicidae feed on the sap of plant tissues, with most of the species living between cactus spines (Slayer, 1979). Besides, all the known members of the family breed only upon species of peyotes (Slayer, 1976; Schluter and Slayer, 1995). F 0 4 AThe members of the Enriquicidae feed on the sap of plant tissues, with most of the species living between cactus spines (Slayer, 1979). In addition to being highly specific in their feeding behavior, all the known members of the family breed only upon species of peyotes (Slayer, 1976; Schluter and Slayer, 1995).
Colons ONLY before lists or for a dramatic break. Do not use indiscriminantly, and make sure you make it clear that you are going to present a list before using the colon.
F 0 4 C F 0The flora has a boreal element: Rosaceae, Fagaceae and Ulmaceae. 4 AThe flora has a boreal element. Examples of families that make up this element include Rosaceae, Fagaceae, and Ulmaceae. F 0 4 AThe flora has a boreal element, with examples of families that make up this element including Rosaceae, Fagaceae, and Ulmaceae.
4 AThe flora has a boreal element; examples of families that make up this element include Rosaceae, Fagaceae, and Ulmaceae.
F 0 4 C F 0The body in vivo measured: 182-280 μm in length and: 42-84 μm in width 4 AThe body in vivo measured 182-280 μm in length and 42-84 μm in width F 0 4 C F 0head length: 0.52, width: 0.88, interocular space: 0.50, interocellar space: 0. 4 Ahead length 0.52, width 0.88, interocular space 0.50, interocellar space 0. F 0 4 C F 0This is because: the species is only found in the Western Infiernillo. 4 AWe say this because the species is only found in the western Infiernillo.
Contrastes However, nevertheless, despite, on the other hand, etc. often aren’t used as contrasts. Estas expresiones sirven para CONTRASTAR dos ideas, no para ligar dos ideas concordantes.
F 0 4 C…significant improvement is achieved by pre-processing a data set of all pair-wise alignments and thus allowing for much better use of information in early stages. Roshan et al. (2007) later showed that the quality of progressive alignment can be improved by using high-quality guide trees. On the other hand, phylogeny is the evolutionary history among organisms. To date, sequence data is still the most used data type for phylogenetic reconstruction, and Maximum Parsimony (MP) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) are commonly used as the optimization criteria for reconstructing phylogenies.“On the other hand” siempre se utiliza después de afirmaciones contrastantes previas, generalmente señaladas con “on (the) one hand.” Aquí no se indica ningún tipo de contraste y por lo tanto no es correcto el uso de “on the other hand”
F 0 4 CThe presence and ethology of rare local species or occasional individuals in a dispersion phase could influence the whale richness and diversity in the coastal systems of the region. On the other hand, these lagoons are good shelters, in which feeding, nursery and reproduction for a large number of marine and estuarine crustaceans take place (Flores- Vazquéz, 2009). F 0 4 BThe presence and ethology of rare local species or occasional individuals in a dispersion phase could influence the whale richness and diversity in the coastal systems of the region. In addition, these lagoons are good shelters, in which feeding, nursery and reproduction for a large number of marine and estuarine crustaceans take place (Flores-Vazquéz, 2009).
F 0 4 CI am pleased to recommend Venancio Rodríguez for the position of laboratory technician. He is well versed in all the standard PCR amplification and sequencing techniques. On the other hand, Venancio is perfectly acquainted with the methodology for cloning sequences because he had to perform such methodology to obtain some of the sequences he used in his Master’s studies. F 0 4 AI am pleased to recommend Venancio Rodríguez for the position of laboratory technician. He is well versed in all the standard PCR amplification and sequencing
4 Cenvironmental requirements derived of my project would be useful in the planning of conservation F 0 4 Benvironmental requirements derived from my project would be useful in the planning of conservation F 0 4 Aenvironmental requirements for this species identified during the course of my project…
En este sentido Es casi inevitablemente paja y casi siempre resulta en prosa vaga y floja cuando se intenta traducirla en frases como “in this sense,” “in this respect,” etc.
Either or neither nor F 0 4 C F 0Either sulfur content or potassium injections caused the frogs to die. 4 ANeither sulfur nor potassium injections killed the frogs.
Gerunds En español los gerundios se utilizan poco, mientras que en inglés son una parte muy importante de la redacción.
F 0 4 CWe recorded 16 diurnal raptor species, 10 in the core zone, 14 in the buffer zone, and eight species occurred in both zones. F 0 4 AWe recorded 16 diurnal raptor species, with 10 been seen in the core zone, 14 in the buffer zone, and eight species in both zones.
F 0 4 CUrban ecology is a relatively new area of research, urban ecosystems are defined as environments dominated by humans. F 0 4 AUrban ecology is a relatively new area of research, with urban ecosystems being defined as environments dominated by humans. See also comma splice
F 0 4 CThe MER assessment resulted in a risk score of 12 points and, accordingly, we propose to consider M. pectinifera as a species under extinction risk (P) in NOM-059-ECOL-2001. F 0 4 AThe MER assessment resulted in a risk score of 12 points and, accordingly, we propose considering M. pectinifera as a species under extinction risk (P) in NOM-059-ECOL-2001.
F 0 4 CThe genus^ Oroplexis^ (Sepalachiaceae) includes six species distributed in central and northeastern Mexico, one species extends its distribution to southwestern United States. F 0 4 AThe genus^ Oroplexis^ (Sepalachiaceae) includes six species in central and northeastern Mexico, with one species extending its distribution to the southwestern United States. See also comma splice
F 0 4 CThe code localities are the same as those used in Figure 1, the number indicates the genotype found in the coelacanth species. F 0 4 AThe code localities are the same as those used in Figure 1, with the number indicating the genotype found in the coelacanth species. See also comma splice
4 C There is considerable overlap in the ranges of the two species, both species occupy about 80% of the range of the other. F 0 4 AThere is considerable overlap in the ranges of the two species, with both species occupying about 80% of the range of the other. See also comma splice
one gerund that is common in Spanish and that does not translate well is “siendo” F 0 4 CThe markers with the greatest numbers of parsimony informative characters were^ ITS, NIAi3 and ETS, being the chloroplast marker the least informative. F 0 4 AThe markers with the greatest numbers of parsimony informative characters were^ ITS, NIAi3 and ETS, with the chloroplast marker being the least informative.
However: NOT a conjunction!
F 0 4 CMales in wet habitats had smaller elytra than did those in dry habitats, however, the above mentioned difference was not significant (P>0.05). F 0 4 AMales in wet habitats had smaller elytra than did those in dry habitats. However, the difference was not significant (P>0.05). F 0 4 AMales in wet habitats had smaller elytra than did those in dry habitats, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05). F 0 4 AMales in wet habitats had smaller elytra than did those in dry habitats, although the above mentioned difference was not significant (P>0.05). Nota que “the above mentioned” es paja. Además, si se va a reportar como hecho independientemente de la prueba estadística, ¿para qué hacer (¡y reportar!) la p? Sería mejor: F 0 4 AAlthough we predicted that males in wet habitats would have smaller elytra than those in dry ones, we detected no significant difference (n=5674, P>0.05).
Nevertheless Nevertheless is not a conjunction (see however)!
F 0 4 CFollowing the hurrican, the monkeys showed a slight increase in the size of their area of movement, nevertheless that increase in home range was not significant (P>0.05). F 0 4 BFollowing the hurricane, the monkeys showed a slight increase in the size of their area of movement. Nevertheless that increase in home range was not significant (P>0.05). F 0 4 AAfter the hurricane, the home range size of the monkeys appeared to increase slightly, but the low sample size available did not result in statistical significance (P>0.05).
Parentheses Don’t use parentheses unless really necessary.
F 0 4 COf all captured toads (34 individuals), 25 survived more than a month (73.5 %), of the whole of captured caecilians (26 individuals), 23 survived (88.5 %). F 0 4 AOf the 34 toads captured, 25 survived more than a month, giving a survival rate of nearly 74%. At nearly 89%, caecilians fared better, with 23 of the 26 captured individuals surviving more than a month.
4 CEastern Gray Whale; after having been very close to extinction twice (end of the XIX century and middle of the XX century), the species has recovered well; in Bahía Magdalena alone Doménica and Melaguardoinpiazza (2001) counted 927 individuals. F 0 4 AAfter having been very close to extinction twice, once at the end of the nineteenth century and again in the mid-twentieth, the eastern gray whale has recovered well. In Bahía Magdalena alone, nearly 930 individuals were recently sighted (Doménica and Melaguardoinpiazza 2001).
F 0 4 COn the other hand, even though the larvae activity can to kill some rodents; the effect on the population is reduced, because of the low level of prevalence and mortality F 0 4 AOn the other hand, although the larvae may kill some rodents, the effect on the population is low…
F 0 4 CThrombopygium thalassinum^ has been cited by other authors in Germany, China, North America, and Japan (Bergères, 1999); but the documentation of its presence here represents a new finding for the Cape region. F 0 4 AThrombopygium thalassinum^ has been cited by other authors in Germany, China, North America, and Japan (Bergères, 1999), but the documentation of its presence here represents a new finding for the Cape region.
F 0 4 CThese publications provide useful information on zoology and ecology of^ Mola^ species; permit accurate species identification in the field; and join the available information on Mola distribution in Mexico. F 0 4 AThese publications provide useful information on the zoology and ecology of^ Mola species, permit accurate species identification in the field, and bring together the available information on Mola distribution in Mexico.
F 0 4 CInstead; the males, engage in courtship displays on grass, shrubs, stones; or soil near rodent burrows. F 0 4 AInstead, the males engage in courtship displays on grass, shrubs, stones, or soil near rodent burrows.
“Here is a lesson in creative writing. First rule: Do not use semicolons. They are transvestite hermaphrodites representing absolutely nothing. All they do is show you've been to college.” (Kurt Vonnegut, A Man without a Country)
Si Often translated as “if” but often “whether” would be better.
F 0 4 CWe searched for the same conditions to South Africa to compare if^ the ostrich (the specie more close in the PCA-morphospace, see Fig. 2) share the same habitat as the rhea. F 0 4 B(uso correcto if/whether) We searched for the same conditions in South Africa to compare whether the ostrich (the closest species in the PCA-morphospace, Fig. 2) shares the same habitat as the rhea.
4 A(mejor redacción) We tested the prediction that the ostrich in South Africa should be found in similar climatic conditions as the rhea, the species closest to it in our PCA based morphospace (Fig. 2).
Since/because “Since” is generally temporal, and “because” implies a causal connection
F 0 4 A F 0We have been using PCR since 1985 4 C F 0Since we have been using PCR since 1985, we are the experts (poco formal) 4 ABecause we have been using PCR since 1985, we are the experts
Superlatives “Más grande” can be “larger” or “the largest”: make sure which you want to say. Note: "big" is correct but informal.
F 0 4 CCathartes aura^ and^ Coragyps atratus^ were the more abundant species in the core zone using point counts F 0 4 ACathartes aura^ and^ Coragyps atratus^ were the most abundant species in the core zone using point counts F 0 4 ACathartes aura^ and^ Coragyps atratus^ were more abundant than any other species in the core zone using point counts
F 0 4 CThe families with more species were: Sciaenidae (13), Sygnathidae (9), Gobiidae (7) and Atherinopsidae (5). F 0 4 AThe families with the greatest numbers of species were: Sciaenidae (13), Sygnathidae (9), Gobiidae (7) and Atherinopsidae (5).
F 0 4 CThe rugosities in five locations were similar, but the higher values were at locations with intermediate depth (Table 3). F 0 4 AThe rugosities in five locations were similar, but the highest values were at locations with intermediate depth (Table 3).
F 0 4 C F 0The more diverse family was Muraenidae while the less diverse family was Serranidae. 4 AThe most diverse family was Muraenidae while the least diverse one was Serranidae. F 0 4 C F 0The higher diversity in legumes is found in the Balsas River basin. 4 AThe highest diversity in legumes is found in the Balsas River basin. F 0 4 CSan Javier de los Sudores has some of the higher indices of poverty and ethnic conflict in the entire municipio F 0 4 ASan Javier de los Sudores has some of the highest indices of poverty and ethnic conflict in the entire municipio
F 0 4 CLa especie más cercana^ ≠^ the more close species
