reported speech exercices, Apuntes de Inglés

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REFERENCE reported speech We use reported speech to report what somebody else has said or asked. When the reporting verb is in the past tense the original verb usually moves back unless it can't go back any further (*). direct speech _| reported speech present simple past simple present continuous past continuous past simple past perfect simple past continuous past perfect continuous present perfect continuous past perfect continuous past perfect simple* past perfect simple past perfect continuous* past perfect continuous am/is/are going to was/were going to will | would _can | could Ñ may/might might must/have to had to should/could/might/ought to/ no change would When the reporting verb is in the present, future, or present perfect, (e.g. He says, has asked), the verb does not change. *'ve read the book: She says (that) she's read the book. If the sentence is still true, the verb can stay the same. *| write short stories; He said he writes short stories. (= he still writes short stories) We use say and tell (and other verbs) to report statements. When we use tell, we need an object. He said he had met a famous author. He told me he had met a famous author. We often have to change the pronoun (e.g. l, he, we, etc.) and possessive adjectives (e.g. my, his, our, etc.) "We didn't enjoy the film. They said they hadn't enjoyed the film. Time and place words can also change. direct speech reported speech now Sn _| then/at that time RA today/tonight |thatday/thatnight yesterday _|theday before/the previous day “tomorrow the following day/the next day _next weekImonthfyear 19 weekimonth/year “last week/month/year the previous week/month/year | the week/month/year before Ja a week/month ago | the previous week, the eisfemese here 154 reported questions direct speech reported speech He asked mewhatI Wh- questions What are you reading? was reading Yes/No Do you enjoy Lasked him if/whether questions | fiction? he enjoyed fiction, Reported questions follow the same tense and word changes as reported statements. We don't use a question mark or the auxiliary verb do/does/did. In wh- questions, we use the wh-word after ask. “Where did you find the book?" She asked me where | had found the book. For yes/no questions, we use ¡if/whether after ask/wanted to Know. I wanted to know whether they had seen the film. reporting verbs Verbs followed by * can be used with more than one structure, Verb + (object) + that + phrase She agreed that it was an exciting story. They promised us that they would come. Verb + to infinitive Luke threatened to tell them about it. agree*, offer, promise, refuse, admit*, advise”, agree”, boast*, complain, deny”, insist* persuade*, promise*, recommend*, remind*, suggest”, tell*, threaten, warn* threaten Verb + person + (not) to infinitive advise*, ask, encourage, invite, persuade*, remind*, tell%, warn* We encouraged them to read more. | reminded him not to forget his homework. Verb + -ing admit*, deny* recommend”, Olivia denied sending the | Suggest* email. advise* sb against, agree* with Verb + (object) + preposition +-ing sb on/about, apologise for, boast The girls apologised for about, complain* to sb about, leaving early. congratulate sb on, insist* on, warn* sb against For reported requests and orders we use ask or tell/order (somebody) to do something l asked Liam to leave. The director told the actors to be quiet.