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Sintaxis Mock Exam, Apuntes de Idioma Inglés

Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)Idioma Inglés
Prof. Elena Martínez Caro

Asignatura: Sintaxis del Inglés, Profesor: Elena Martínez Caro, Carrera: Estudios Ingleses, Universidad: UCM

Tipo: Apuntes

2016/2017

Subido el 10/10/2017

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Departamento*de*Filología*Inglesa*I,*UCM* * * *Dra.*Elena*Martínez*Caro*
*
ANSWER'KEY'MOCK*EXAM*ENGLISH(SYNTAX((January*2017)'
*
'
A.* Assign* the* following* underlined* words* to* classes* (or* categories),* on* the* basis* of* their*
morphological*and*syntactic*features:*
'
1.**As*they*approached*their**destination,**their*spirits****rose.*
*Conjunction'''noun' ' possessive'determiner'verb'
*
2.**They*were**provided*with*plenty*of*food**and*water.*
* * * Verb'(past'part.)' ' conjunction'
*
3.**I’ll*come*along,**provided*your*parents*agree.*
* * ***Adverb'conjunction'
' ' (particle)'
*
4.**He*ruled*out*** any*****compromise.*
* * ***Adverb'indefinite'determiner'noun'
* * (particle)'(also'called'‘quantifier’)'
*
5.**This*is*one*of*the*commonest** and**most*objectionable*mistakes*made**
* ** * adjective' ' adverb'''''
by*foreigners*in**pronouncing*English.*
*preposition* * verb'
*
'
B.* Identify* the* AdvPs* and* PrepPs*in* the* following* clauses* and* analyse* them* into* their*
syntactic*functions.*In*one*or*two*cases,*the*phrases*form*part*of*a*higher*unit;*indicate*which:*
*
1.** Quite**obviously*we*need*to*get*it*replaced.*
' 'm' h'
'AdvP'
*
2.** He** still*relies* rather*heavily** on** his*parents.*
' ' h' ' m' h' ' 'p' c'
' ' AdvP' ' AdvP'''PrepP'
*
3.** Who*is*the*guy** with** the*funny*hat*on?*
' ' ' ' p' c'
''''PrepP''
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pf4
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Departamento de Filología Inglesa I, UCM Dra. Elena Martínez Caro ANSWER KEY MOCK EXAM ENGLISH SYNTAX (January 201 7 ) A. Assign the following underlined words to classes (or categories), on the basis of their morphological and syntactic features:

  1. As they approached their destination, their spirits rose. Conjunction noun possessive determiner verb
  2. They were provided with plenty of food and water. Verb (past part.) conjunction
  3. I’ll come along, provided your parents agree. Adverb conjunction (particle)
  4. He ruled out any compromise. Adverb indefinite determiner noun (particle) (also called ‘quantifier’)
  5. This is one of the commonest and most objectionable mistakes made adjective adverb by foreigners in pronouncing English. preposition verb B. Identify the AdvPs and PrepPs in the following clauses and analyse them into their syntactic functions. In one or two cases, the phrases form part of a higher unit; indicate which:
  6. Quite obviously we need to get it replaced. m h AdvP
  7. He still relies rather heavily on his parents. h m h p c AdvP AdvP PrepP
  8. Who is the guy with the funny hat on? p c PrepP

[This PrepP forms part of another phrase, the NP the guy... , functioning as a postmodifier (relative clause) in that NP]

  1. They rarely go out in the evening. h p c AdvP PrepP [Notice that out is an adverb but not an AdvP]
  2. They were playing too fast for us beginners. m h postm AdvP [In this AdvP for us beginners is a PrepP functioning in the structure of that phrase; in that PrepP, for is p and us beginners is c .] C. What are the NICE properties? Explain each of them providing examples in English. [This is the complete account of this topic I gave in class. In the exam, you are expected to explain these properties in your own words and your own examples.] The NICE properties are those which auxiliary verbs in English have as opposed to lexical verbs, and thus we use them to distinguish the former from the latter. NICE is an acronym: the letters N, I, C and E stand for Negation, Inversion, Code and Emphasis. NEGATION : this property says that auxiliaries in English are negated simply by addition of the negative marker not or n’t :
    1. She can swim very well.
    2. She cannot swim very well.
    3. She can’t swim very well. Lexical verbs, however, cannot be negated in this way:
    4. She likes chocolate.
    5. *She likes not chocolate.
    6. She doesn’t like chocolate. INVERSION : this property says that in English a clause cannot begin with a verb phrase
    7. *Is playing John the violin? Thus in English only the first auxiliary of the verb phrase, the operator, is placed at the beginning of the clause, causing an inversion of the normal order of the subject:
    8. John is playing the violin.
    9. Is John playing the violin? Lexical verbs cannot take part in inversion. In interrogatives we need to introduce a dummy operator do , which then can be inverted:

E. Add reversed polarity tags to the following clauses: 1 - There wasn’t enough food left, was there? 2 - You’ll tell the truth, won’t you? 3 - Everybody accepted, didn’t they? F. Imagine you are at an optician’s. Below are some of the replies to a questionnaire. Provide the questions missing (some of them are wh- questions and some are yes/no questions): The following are suggested answers:

  1. I was born in Ireland in 1980. When and where were you born?
  2. Not often. I just take aspirin occasionally. Do you (often) take pills? / Do you take any medicine?
  3. No, I don’t. I wear contact lenses. Do you wear glasses?
  4. I’ve been wearing them for a year. How long have you been wearing them?
  5. Yes, I’m allergic to certain things – pollens, for example. Do you have allergies? / Are you allergic to anything? G. For each of the following, construct a sentence by embedding the second clause in the position marked as [...] in the first clause:
  6. [...] didn’t surprise us. They need help. That they need help didn’t surprise us.
  7. They informed us [...]. Mary has been insulted. They informed us that Mary had been insulted.
  8. Jane got [...]. He did the washing-up. Jane got him to do the washing-up.
  9. We object to [...]. They are being given special privileges. We object to them being given special privileges. ( A more formal alternative is : We object to their being given special privileges.)
  10. […] remains to be seen. Is it a serious threat? Whether it is a serious threat remains to be seen.

H. Identify cases of subordination and indicate their type in the following sentences. Refer to the following aspects:

  • Embedded vs. non-embedded subordination (Emb / Non-emb)
  • Type of subordinate clause (clausal adjunct, non-restrictive relative clause, embedded complement clause, etc.) embedded complement clause (ECC) / restrictive relative clause RRC / non- restrictive relative clause (NRRC) / Appositional clause (AppCl)
  • Type of clause (finite vs. non-finite cl.) (Fin / Non-fin)
  • In embedded complement clauses, indicate the type of function in the matrix clause [Only non-finite (non-fin) clauses will be indicated; otherwise the clauses are expected to be finite (Fin)]
  1. What drove him to do it I found out when we questioned the third witness. What drove him to do it : ECC, functioning as DO when we questioned the third witness: Non-emb, clausal adjunct (time)
  2. Two witnesses alleged that the woman left the pub before 10 pm. that the woman left the pub before 10 pm: ECC, DO
  3. ‘Come on, lads,’ Tommy yelled. ‘Come on, lads,’: ECC, DO
  4. I saw someone enter the shop late at night. someone enter the shop late at night: ECC, DO, non-fin (with subject)
  5. As he’s an only child, he gets a good deal of attention. As he’s an only child: Non-emb, clausal adjunct (cause)
  6. It has made him very unhappy to discover that his wife has been faithful to him. to discover that his wife has been faithful to him: ECC, Su (extraposed), non-fin that his wife has been faithful to him: ECC, DO
  7. The news that the president had fled the country was expected. that the president had fled the country: Emb, AppCl
  8. The large size is unavailable, which is a pity. which is a pity: Non-emb, NRRC
  9. At that moment Ivan appeared in the hall, propelling himself in a wheelchair. propelling himself in a wheelchair: Non-emb, clausal adjunct
  10. Besides being a professional pianist he is also a keen amateur singer. Besides being a professional pianist : Non-emb, clausal adjunct (addition)
  11. This is the house where the Prime Minister lives. where the Prime Minister lives: Emb, RRC

In early 2008, when Obama had just begun to capture the public imagination, Kennedy bucked the party establishment DO / NP Just before Super Tuesday, the venerable Senator from Massachusetts enthusiastically Adjunct / AdvP endorsed the young Senator from Illinois, helping propel Obama to the Democratic nomination and ultimately the White House. (4) So Conjunct / Adverb does it matter that Kennedy never made it to the presidency DO / that finite clause Any number of mere Presidents Subject / NP have been pretty much forgotten. (…) In the scope of his ambitions and schemes, he was something out of Shakespeare Cs / NP (…) But from the start Adjunct / PrepP he had three elder brothers as a buffer between himself and the worst of the old man's ambition for his sons. (…) Overweight and lonely, Ted was shuttled through a succession of boarding and day schools, but he grew into an athletic, good-looking teenager Cs / PrepP one who ambled into Harvard, where Jack and Bobby had gone before him. (5) (…) The scheme backfired P / VP The surrogate Subject / NP was caught, and both boys were expelled, though Harvard offered them IO / NP the opportunity to be readmitted later if they showed evidence of "constructive and responsive citizenship. DO / NP (6) (…) He was in law school when he met Joan Bennett, a senior at Manhattanville College, a small Catholic school in New York State that his mother and two of his sisters had attended postm / that finite clause (…) But by 1982, the combination of her prolonged struggle with alcohol and his infidelities led them DO / NP to divorce. PrepC / PrepP (…) (7) What she had gotten into Su / wh- finite clause was the Kennedys, a family whose family business was politics. (…) It prepared him for a future PrepC / PrepP , coming soon, in which he would be the candidate. (…) The family wanted Ted to succeed him DO / Non-finite clause , but at 28, he was two years below the minimum age for the Senate. (…) With Jack's help, he attached himself to a Senate fact-finding trip to Africa PrepC / PrepP (…) (8)

(…) Exasperation about Vietnam Su / NP was one of the main reasons his brother Robert decided to seek the presidency in 1968. (…) (11) (…) Sustained by the memory of our priceless years together, I shall try to carry forward that special commitment to justice, to excellence, to courage, that distinguished their lives. DO / that finite clause (12) (…) According to testimony he gave later at a judge's inquest Disjunct / PrepP he took a wrong turn onto an unlit dirt road and then across a small, unrailed wooden bridge. (…) (13)