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- Examples of these expressions in some of their adverbial uses and positions indicating their syntactic functions:
Actually
Emphasizer
- So, if the letter is lost in the post, property does not pass until the buyer actually discovers that the goods are in a deliverable state.
- He's actually in the guards, he's fucking signed.
Content Disjunct
- Actually it's mentioned in one of the Bleakland books, though I hadn't read them then.
- Charlotte was relieved to be able to say honestly, `;Actually, I'm afraid you can't.';
Really
Emphasizer
- As a bass, his appearances in the choir at the Three Choirs Festivals found a singer who `;could really get the bottom notes'
- I didn't hear what he shouted, but I was pretty lucky I wasn't run over, cos to tell the truth I wasn't really looking where I was going.
Content Disjunct
- Yeah, really it's a frustrating end of it, but working for Time gives me the opportunity to be in these countries and to do a good photoreportage on the country, even though it's very rarely published.
- Really what has it got to do with our clients?
Item Verb Phrase
- Both works end on a possible return, on what might look like a bleak diminuendo but is really an anxiety state.
- Oh dear, this is really what a pergola is not about.
Frankly
NOS Item Subject
- A motheaten sort of set, as he frankly recognized --; indeed, as they all frankly recognized --; left over from Cambridge, and outgrown and abandoned by all its more enterprising members.
- And he frankly admitted to being obsessed with her sex --; some of the talk she'd heard was of cradle-snatching; some of death-bed fucks --; he played no favourites.
NOS Emphasizer
- It cannot be irrelevant to evangelism that so many unbelievers think the place we give to women is frankly absurd.
- Some of Lovins's old colleagues will be frankly unhappy to see him laying such stress on `;the nation'; as a subgroup of humanity.
Style Disjunct
- (^) Frankly, I don't have much faith in the aunt.'
- Frankly, it is hard to imagine two people more temperamentally opposed.
Adjunct manner
- Time and again the Conservative politicians we approached would talk in private frankly and openly about the problems they foresaw for their party.
- Courtaulds chief executive Sipko Huismans speaks frankly about the year ahead.
- Certainly the historical evidence as a whole gives little support for the quite widespread belief that older people in the past enjoyed a much more secure and respected position than they do in the present.
Briefly
Style disjunct
- Briefly, I need to ask you, my dear Miss Rossignol, if you have had any word within the last year from your great-uncle, Doctor Alan Morris.'
- Briefly, Melissa explained how the meeting had come about.
Adjunct Process Manner
- No,'; she replied briefly, feeling more and more resentful.
- He revealed his plans briefly, and in simple language.
By Phrases
Adjunct process agentive
- Assistance was given by brigades from Stony Stratford and Newport Pagnell.
- Columbus is played by unknown George Corraface, a handsome young thing in the time-honoured, clean-cut movie mould.
Adjunct process means
- By negotiation when the rain had stopped, the proposed deer-spotting walk became a combined walk and trap shoot.
- The design process is regulated by these mechanisms; both very manpower dependent.
Adjunct time relationship
- And by 1921 the population of Moscow had declined by one half and that of Petrograd by two-thirds.
- (^) It is now clear --; and, in view of the final lines of his letter of 2 June, it was sufficiently plain by then --; that he was writing under great pressure: which up
to his last years was the condition in which he produced most of his work, including some of his best.
Adjunct space position
- A campaign of advertisements placed by the French government, uses the slogan `;Economic war arm: yourselves';.
- Yesterday's bombs are thought to have been Semtex and it is the first time outside the capital that devices have been casually placed by the road side.
Conjunct
- And by the way, if you think that all homeless people have it as easy as I had it, then you are living in dream world.
- By the way, what sort of farewell lecture did she give you, Breeze?
Since- clauses
Adjunct time position
- Since I came to England it has got much less.
- The resemblance is superficial and since 1946 the polled has been known as the British White.
Adjunct contingency reason
- (^) The Court decided that although the hours thresholds did amount to indirect discrimination, they were not contrary to European Community law since they could be `;objectively justified'; on policy grounds.
- `;Oh, parties, clubs, nothing that you would know about, since you're three hundred years older than me.';
If-clauses
Sentence Adjunct, Contingency of Condition
- If BP boss Sir Peter Walters had been paid the same proportion of sales he would have received a salary of £8.1billion.
- For instance, I recall David Davis being asked by his class of adolescents if they could do some drama about prostitution.
- Representation of the syntactic structure of these clauses discussing all the adverbials in detail:
Cl
A/Adv.P S/NP P/VP Cs/NP A/Sub FCl
Adv S/NP P/VP Od/FCl
S/NP P/VP Od/NP A/Sub NFCl
P/VP Od/ NP Oi/PP
After all, it was a large sum, so I suppose he must have resented me giving this much money to her.
Adverbial nº 1: After all – Conjunct, initial position (before the subject), it is realized by an Adverb Phrase.
Adverbial nº 2: so I suppose he must have resented me giving this much money to her – Sentence (since it is related to the sentence as a whole) Adjunct of result, end position (after the verb and in this case after the complement), it is realized by a Finite Clause.
Adverbial nº 3: giving this much money to her – Sentence Adjunct of Contingency expressing reason, end position, realized by Non-finite Clause.
Cl
A/PP S/NP P/VP Oi/NP Od/Sub FCl
cj S/NP P/VP A/PP
Of course, you are asking me whether I could have rebelled, or at least fled(*).
Se
Cl
A/Sub FCl S/NP P/VP Od/NP ACo/PP
cj A/cj S/NP P/VP Od/NFCl
But if I had tried to flee, my family would have suffered the same fate as the other prisoners in Tuol Sleng.
Adverbial nº 3: Surely – Content Disjunct expressing degree of truth of content, initial position, realized by an Adverb Phrase.
Cl
A/AdvP A/Sub FCl S/NP P/VP A/AdvP Od/NP
cj S/NP P/VP Od/Co-NP
NP1 cj NP
Therefore, if you get an interview but not the job, you will clearly have reached your goal.
Adverbial nº 1: Therefore – Concesive Contrastive Conjunct, initial position, realized by an Adverb Phrase.
Adverbial nº 2: if you get an interview but not the job - Sentence Adjunct, Contingency of Condition, Initial position, realized by a finite clause.
Adverbial nº 3: clearly – Narrow Orientation Subjunct, Emphasizer, medial position (Mm since the adverb is placed between the first auxiliary verb “will” and the second one “have” and not just before the main verb), realized by an Adverb Phrase.
Cl
Cl
S/NP P/VP A/AdvP A/ Sub FCl
cj A/Sub FCl A/Sub FCl S/NP P/VP
A/cj S/NP P/VP Od/FCl A/cj S/NP P/ VP A/AdvP Od/NP
(you) Beware, however, because although the literature may say that the exam is optional, if you are also applying for a scholarship, the funding department may require
Od/NP A/Sub FCl A/Sub FCl
P/VP Od/NP cj S/NP P/VP Od/NP
you to take it, even if the college does not (take it).
Adverbial nº 1: however – concessive conjunct, end position, realized by an Adverb Phrase.
Adverbial nº 2: because although the literature may say that the exam is optional, if you are also applying for a scholarship, the funding department may require you to take it, even if the college does not (take it). Sentence Adjunct of Contingency expressing reason, end position, realized by Finite Clause.
Adverbial nº 3: although the literature may say that the exam is optional - Sentence Adjunct, Contingency of Concession, initial position, realized by a Finite Clause.
Adverbial nº 4: if you are also applying for a scholarship - Sentence Adjunct, Contingency of Condition, Initial position, realized by a finite clause.
Adverbial nº 5: to take it – Predication Adjunct, Contingency of Purpose, end position, realized by a Non-finite Clause.
Adverbial nº 6: even if the college does not (take it) - Sentence Adjunct, Contingency of Condition, final position, realized by a finite clause.
