Tenses Review, Apuntes de Idioma Inglés

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Index

• Present simple
• Present continuous
• Past simple
• Past continuous
• ‘used to’
• Present perfect simple..................................................................................................................................................
• Present perfect continuous
• Past perfect simple
• Past perfect continuous................................................................................................................................................
• Conditional simple
• Conditional perfect........................................................................................................................................................
• Exercises

Present continuous

Structure

I am / ‘m

gerund

he / she / it is / ‘s

you / we / they are / ‘re

I am / ‘m not isn’t aren’t

he / she / it is / ‘s

you / we / they are / ‘re

am I

is he / she / it?

are you / we / they

I’m doing my English exercises now.

What are you doing now?

Usage

 Actions which are currently happening She is having a shower.

 Temporary events or repetitive actions Marcus is still speaking.

 Repetitive actions expressed as complaint^ He’s always complaining.

 Future plans^ We are leaving at 8:30 AM^ tomorrow.^1

 Actions being changed Phil is getting better.

Orthography

Most verbs + ing live → living ; eat → eating

Consonant + e e + ing hide → hiding ; shine → shining

• ie ie + ying study → studying ; fly → flying

Exceptions

There are vers which are not often used in the continuous form. These are the Stative Verbs.

 Verbs expressing thoughts and opinions^ know, understand, remember, forget, believe…

 Verbs expressing tastes and preferences like, love, prefer, hate, wish…

 Verbs expressing states or possesions^ be, have (got), own, want, realize…

(^1) To express future plans, it is always necessary to insert a Time Adjunct.

Past simple

Structure

+ I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they^ past verb

• I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they did not / didn’t bare infinitive

? did^ I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they^?

Yesterday, I saw a new film in the cinema.

What did you do yesterday?

Usage

 Actions finished in the past Mozart started to write music when he was a kid.

 Actions finished in the past which its current status is unknown

I planted a tree ten years ago in Venezuela.

 Past states^ I lived in London for five years.

Orthography

Most verbs + ed talk → talked ; want → wanted ; stay → stayed

• e + d arrive → arrived ; serve → served ; decide → decided

Consonant + y y + ied apply → applied ; study → studied

Vowel + Consonant (1 syllable)

+ cons. + ed plan → planned ; spot → spotted

Stressed vowel + Consonant (> 1 syllable)

+ cons. + ed admit → admitted ; deter → deterred

Irregular verbs 2 teach → taught ; be → was ; have → had ; speak → spoke

(^2) Check a comprehensive list of irregular verbs.

Present perfect simple

Structure

I / you / we / they have / ‘ve

past participle

he / she / it has / ‘s

I / you / we / they have (^) not haven’t he / she / it has^ hasn’t

have I / you / we / they ? has he / she / it

I’ve recently composed a new song.

What have you been doing until now?

Usage

 Actions which have finished recently^3 I have already tidied my room.

 Actions which started in the past and are still happening in the present 4

She has lived here since she was a girl.

Present perfect continuous

Structure

I / you / we / they have / ‘ve

been gerund

he / she / it has / ‘s

I / you / we / they have (^) not haven’t he / she / it has hasn’t

have I / you / we / they ? has he / she / it

I’ve recently composed a new song.

Uso

 Actions which have been happening before the present^ I have been doing my homework until now.

 Actions which started in the past and are still happening in the present

I’ve been living in Madrid all my life.

(^3) Using these adverbs you can enfasise the sentence: already, yet, just: (^4) Using these prepositions you can express duration: for and since.

Past perfect simple

Structure

+ I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they^ had / ‘d

• I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they had (^) hadn’tnot past participle

? had^ I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they^?

I had done all my work before midnight.

Usage

 Actions which happened before another in the past 5 I had done all my work before midnight.

Past perfect continuous

Structure

+ I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they^ had / ‘d

• I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they had (^) hadn’tnot been past participle

? had^ I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they^?

I had been doing my work before you came back.

Usage

 Actions which were happening before another in the past 5

I had been doing my work before you came back.

(^5) You can use the same time expressions as in Present perfect. (Anotaciones 3 y 4)

Exercises

Macmillan English Grammar in Context Advanced

Exercises

Oxford Grammar for CAE and Proficiency