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Understanding Subordination: Identifying and Classifying Subordinate Clauses, Apuntes de Idioma Inglés

An in-depth analysis of subordination, a grammatical concept where one clause is embedded within another. It covers different types of subordinate clauses, their functions, and formal markers. It also includes exercises to identify and classify subordinate clauses, as well as examples of each type of nominal clause.

Tipo: Apuntes

2015/2016

Subido el 25/05/2016

A.A.Lastrenge
A.A.Lastrenge 🇪🇸

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Subordination
- Subordination is the combination of clauses where one of
them is embedded within another one.
- Embedding is another term for subordination.
- Subordinate clauses are of different types, occur in
different positions in the sentence and have different
functions.
- The main types are:
Nominal
Adverbial
Relative
Comparative
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Subordination

  • Subordination is the combination of clauses where one of them is embedded within another one.
  • Embedding is another term for subordination.
  • Subordinate clauses are of different types, occur in different positions in the sentence and have different functions.
  • The main types are: Nominal Adverbial Relative Comparative

How many processes do you indentify in these examples? Bracket the embedded clauses: 1)They like their grandmother because she tells them stories

  1. They like their grandmother because the stories that she tells them are nice
  2. They like their grandmother because the stories that she tells them are nice although they don't see her very often

Here is an example of each of the different markers. What are they? Identify the subordinate clause first (bracket it):

  1. Before he arrives, let’s prepare the cake
  2. She understands that she has to work harder
  3. I wonder what he will do
  4. I can’t stop reading this book
  5. Had I known they were coming I would have prepared something for lunch

Identify the type of subordinate clause:


  1. He explained what had happened

  2. I understood everything when he explained it

  3. She met the actor who she admired

  4. This topic is more interesting than the topic you have chosen

These sentences contain a nominal clause. Identify it and relate it to one of the seven labels:

  1. I know that they will travel to Japan
  2. You can't imagine what a nice time we had
  3. Don't try fixing this yourself
  4. I wonder when they will fix the lift
  5. I want my son to study Mathematics
  6. I know what you are thinking
  7. I don't now if they will come to our party.

THAT CLAUSES

All of the underlined that -clauses have a function, what can it be?

  1. I think that Mary is ill
  2. That Peter will not come is obvious
  3. The rumour that they won the elections is true
  4. She’s really happy that they won the elections
  5. The rumour is that they won the elections

WH -INTERROGATIVE CLAUSES

Nominal Wh -interrogative clauses are introduced by a wh -element and interpreted as questions:

  1. They wondered where they should go.
  2. The wondered where to go.

Turn the indirect question in this sentence into a direct question. What differences do you observe? They wonder where they should go. They wondered : ______________________?

EXCLAMATIVE CLAUSES

These are all Nominal Exclamative clauses. What properties do they share? 1.You can’t imagine what a nice guy he is

  1. You can’t imagine how nice he is
  2. You can’t imagine how well he baked that cake

Identify the function of the exclamative clause. Identify it first (bracket the clause): 1.How well he took the news is incredible

  1. I see how happy you are
  2. I was surprised at how interested he became

TO INFINITIVE CLAUSES AND – ING

CLAUSES

Why are these ‘clauses’? I like [ X watching good films] She wants [ X to watch a good film] = they contain a V and the Subject is understood This understood subject is called PRO = an'empty' (covert) pronoun)

Sometimes the subject is present (overt): She wants [ John to watch that film] [ For Susan to participate ] would be great

ING clauses

Identify the function of the – ing clause:

  1. Smoking a cigar may give you a headache
  2. He likes flying kites
  3. Their job is buying new companies
  4. They are interested in buying new companies

To -infinitive clauses

Identify the function of the to -infinitive clause:

  1. I want to go home early
  2. The solution is to do the assignment 3.? To be open-minded is the best option
  3. She was happy to see him again