TYPES OF MEMORY:
Explicit Memory: memory with remembering (conscious) Direct measures:
- Free-recall.
- Cued-recall.
- Recognition.
Implicit Memory: memory without remembering (unconscious) Indirect measures:
- Conceptual, factual, lexical and perceptual knowledge: generation of
category exemplars, perceptual identification, word completion.
- Procedural knowledge: tower of Hanoi.
- Evaluative response.
- Measures of behavioral change.
MEMORY SYSTEMS:
Perceptual Representation System: Implicit: perceptual information about the form
and structure of words and objects.
- Direct primig: perceptual.
- Indirect priming: conceptual.
Procedural: Non-declarative, Implicit: learning and retention of motor and cognitive
skills.
Semantic: Factual Knowledge, Implicit: person’s general knowledge about the world
(Facts, concepts, vocabulary…)
Episodic: Personal autobiographical memory for events, Explicit: personal experiences
that occurred at a particular time.
Working: Short-term memory primary, Explicit: control mechanism of cognitive
processes.
Memory span: 7 chunks
- Phonological Loop: Reduced digit span (improves when visually
presented). No phonological similarity of word-length effects. Reduced
recency effect in immediate verbal free-recall.
- Visuo-spatial Sketchpad: Creation and use of images. Visual information
and spatial locations. Mental workspace for complex tasks.
- Central Executive: Perseverate in mistaken actions. Loss of focus
attention. Loss of behavior monitoring.
- Episodic Buffer: Storage subsystem. Can hold up to 4 chunks of
information. Link between different subsystems.
