UNIT 2 CONCEPTS INDEX BIBLIOGRAPHY MENTAL TESTING, Apuntes de Psicología

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UNIT 2

CONCEPTS

INDEX

MENTAL TESTING

PSYCHODIAGNOSTIC

PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT

PSYCHOLOGICAL EVALUATION

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Class Notes

Fernández Ballesteros, R. (2004) Evaluación Psicológica: concepto, métodos y estudio de casos I****. Pirámide. Chapter 1

Pelechano, V. (1988). Del psicodiagnóstico clásico al diagnóstico Ecopsicológico, vol I. Valencia: Alfaplús. Chapter 2

MENTAL TESTING

1890 American origin, “mental testing” was first used by James McKeen Cattell

. The term was imported from the field of Physics

Standard system procedures that allowed objective information in performing tasks

Rapidly accepted in Europe

It was an objective and quantitative measure, applicable to a large number of people in both positive and negative characteristics.

FEATURES

1. It is a process of construction, validity, application and interpretation of psychological tests
2. Basic model for scoring: association (the total score is the addition of right items)
3. Basis model for score interpretation: substance, factor, trait (there is a dimension behind, intelligence, depression, extraversion,…)

MENTAL TESTING

Test

Administrate to subjects (^) differencesIndividual Trait

Biological basis

STAI Trait ANXIETY^ HippocampusAmygdala

PSYCHODIAGNOSTIC

“

“Psychodiagnostic” is the title of a book writen by H. Rorschach (a Swiss doctor) in 1921.

In it, the author presents the well known test which consists in a set of 10 sheets with ink spots (placed on a page which was then folded in the center) which are presented to patients that are then asked to tell what they see in these sheets (In origin this was a German bourgeoisie game).

Rorschach found considerable differences between different groups of patients who had previously been identified by psychiatric diagnosis

Central hypothesis: When you present unstructured material, people will structure it according to their personal way of perceiving reality. It is associated with the way they feel, think or act.

If you know how a person feels, thinks or acts, you can predict how this person will feel, think or act in the future: PREDICTION

Rorschach conducted an empirical but not experimental work , without theoretical assumptions.

PSYCHODIAGNOSTIC

FEATURES

1. Medical-psychiatric connotations

2. Empirical-applied approach

3. Without a theoretical model

4. Associated with a trial predictive judgment: forecasting the future

5. Emphasizes the qualitative versus the quantitative

6. In honor of his medical origin, it refers only to psychopathology, the negative and disturbed aspects of humans

7. With a model based on the substance behind the behavior. This does not have its own entity but it is a symptom of something

8. It is a typified test: with a specific material (10 sheets), which is always presented in a particular way, and whose instructions are always the same

PSYCHOLOGICAL EVALUATION

Adams in 1964, suggests that psychological evaluation is similar to psychological assessment, but psychological evaluation always involves value judgments.

Its origin dates back to the first assessment of educational programs in United States, and since then, although not used only to evaluate interventions, it has been generally associated with the evaluation of therapeutic, social or educational interventions and programs.

It originally proposed two types of evaluations:

Formative Evaluation: This is done while you are carrying out the intervention program, and still it can be modified and improved.

Summative Evaluation: it is always done at the end of the program when it has finished

Examples of value judgments: working / not working has been effective / has not been effective is good / no good

Psychological testing Psychodiagnostic Other techniques: Interview, Observation, ...

PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT

Judgments about change/continuity of programs In real situation and specific time.

PSYCHOLOGICAL EVALUATION

Referred to:

**1. Individuals

2. Groups
3. Organization
4. Intervention techniques
5. Social Programs**