¡Descarga Verbs in three different clause patterns MAKE: -That would make e y más Apuntes en PDF de Idioma Inglés solo en Docsity!
TASK 2 (REVISADA): Víctor Requena Requena
1.- Using the British National Corpus:
i. Verbs in three different clause patterns:
MAKE: -That would make enough noise to waken him. SPOd (Monotransitive)
- Go Economy and make sure he doesn't see you. SPCs (Pure intensive) -That alone will make this tour a success for us. SPOdCo (Complex Transitive)
GET: -I mean, if the police can get the paperwork through the likes of me, why not? SPOd (Monotransitive) -Stop it --; look, you'll get chilled. SPCs (Pure Intensive) -The hand-outs were vital to get them a bite, to help them survive in their pitiful plight. SPOiOd (Ditransitive)
TURN: -We shall turn in the following chapters. SP (Intransitive)
- But the revolutionaries very soon found that they could not turn their backs completely on the methods of the past. SPOd (Monotransitive)
- `;Mr. Stevenson'll turn grey!'; he said. SPCs (Complex intransitive)
GROW: -He could grow `;biomass'; for biotechnology. SPOd (Monotransitive) -However, the range of scientific techniques will also grow, no doubt enabling us to provenance materials with greater speed and accuracy in the future. SP (Intransitive) -Many flowers of the heath grow on the central plateau. SPACs (Adverbial Intransitive)
DIE: -She won't die quietly till you come. SP (intransitive)
-Some die of the infection. SP (Intransitive) -CRIEFF Brothers die in car crash SP (Intransitive)
APPEAR: - they appear passive. SPCs (pure intensive) -It appears that he's changed his mind. SPOd (Monotransitive) -The first appeared on 8 April 1932. SPACs (Adverbial Intensive)
SOUND: - I realise that this must sound silly, but I don't know how to change it. SPCs (Pure Intensive) -How does that sound, dear? SP (Intransitive) -Tracy sounded sceptical. SPCs (Pure Intensive)
FEEL: -In what ways did he feel it, his father's pain? SPOd (Monotransitive) -Consumes should not feel threatened. SPCs (Pure Intensive)
- Debtors feel shame and guilt by their continuing inability to pay their creditors, Od (Monotransitive)
ii. Rank the verbs above in an intensive – intransitive gradient in the SPCs
construction.
SP (Pure Intransitive): DIE Some die of the infection. SP
S Pi Cs (Complex Intransitive) TURN `;Mr. Stevenson'll turn grey!'; he said. SPCs Verb with more lexical meaning, so more selectional restriction Ascriptive transformation: Mr. Stevenson'll be grey!'; he said. OK Intransitive transformation: Mr. Stevenson'll turn. OK
SPiACs (Adverbial intransitive) GROW
iii. Adjective Complementation:
EASY: Type 5 according to Quirk classification.
- What appeals to people is the normality of the show, there is nothing do or die about it which makes it very easy to relate to it.
-The questions should be easy to understand and easy to answer.
-It's not easy to say what the narrating `;I'; is doing at such a scene.
In the three examples the subject of the sentence is the unexpressed object of the to-inf. Cl. and the infinitive cl. can also become subject in an analogous construction. For example: To understand the question should be easy. This implies that the verb of the subordinate cl. is transitive.
HARD: Type 5 according to Quirk classification.
- It had not been hard to predict that the Caribbean style of attacking play would be greatly suited to one-day cricket.
-The original, although it is hard to believe from the fragile beauty of the copy, represented a boy boxer, Cyniscus of Mantineia, whose feats were commemorated in a bronze statue set up in the sanctuary at Olympia.
- Once the fungus has dug itself into the vagina, it is difficult to dislodge and the normal bacteria, particularly the lactobacillus, find it hard to reestablish themselves.
In the three examples the subject of the sentence is the unexpressed object of the to-inf. Cl. and the infinitive cl. can also become subject in an analogous construction. For example: that the Caribbean style of attacking play would be greatly suited to one-day cricket had not been hard to predict (it). This implies that the verb of the subordinate cl. is transitive.
IMPOSSIBLE: Type 5 according to Quirk classification.
- He wasn't allowed to use one question because the quizmasters said it was impossible to prove the exactness of the answer.
-The builders worked throughout the weekend, so with their hammering and concrete mixing and loud radios, it was impossible to ignore their presence.
-It was impossible to know which direction they were going in. Type 5 according to Quirk.
In the three examples the subject of the sentence is the unexpressed object of the to-inf. Cl. and the infinitive cl. can also become subject in an analogous construction. For example: the exactness of the answer was impossible to prove. This implies that The verb of the subordinate cl. is transitive.
POSSIBLE: Type 7 according to Quirk.
-From which it is possible to draw one of three conclusions.
However, between the two opposed poles (monotransitive and ditransitive), we can find a number of clauses that are placed in different degrees between them. To distinguish their place inside this scale, we use fundamentally three different tests: 1.- to VN3 can be replaced by a Finite Cl. 2.-Change of meaning in the passive of N2toVN3. 3.- N2 can become the subject in the passive. The more requirements the clause agree, the closer it will be to the transitive and vice versa.
The analysis we’ve seen in class considers the intermediate cases between monotransitive and ditransitive as cases of complex transitive without distinguishing the different degrees.
3.- Determine the structure of the following sentences:
1. [Pat] [intended] [Liz to interview both candidates]. SPOd (Monotransitive)
a. “to interview both candidates” can not be replaced by a finite clause.
b. In the passive form of N2 toV N3 (Pat intended both candidates to be
interviewed by Liz.) there is no change of meaning.
c. N2 can become subject of passive (Liz was intended to interview both
candidates.)
d. N2 can be dropped (Pat intended to interview both candidates)
2. [I] [should have reminded] [him] [to ring mum]. SPOiOd (Ditransitive)
a. “to ring mum” can be replaced by a finite clause (I should have reminded
him that he rang mum).
b. In the passive form of N2 toV N3 (I should have remind mum to ring him)
there is a change of meaning.
c. N2 can become subject of passive (He should have been reminded to ring
mum.)
3. [They] [know] [him] [to be a spy]. SPOdCo (Complex Transitive)
a. “to be a spy” cannot be replaced by a finite clause.
b. In the passive form of N2 toV N3 (They know a spy to be him); there is a
change of meaning.
c. N2 can become subject of passive (He is known to be a spy).
4. [Did [you] notice] [anyone] [leave the house]? SVOdCo (Complex
Transitive)
a. “leave the house” cannot be replaced by a finite clause.
b. In the passive form of N2 toV N3 (Did you noticed the house is left?) there
is no change of meaning.
c. N2 can become subject of passive (Was anyone noticed leaving the house?)
5. [I] [hate] [my friends leaving early]. SPOd (Monotransitive)
a. “leaving early” cannot be replaced by a finite clause.
b. N2 can be dropped (I hate leaving early).
c. N2 cannot become subject of passive (*My friends are hated leaving early).
