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A Summary
1. THREE REASONS FOR SUMMARISING
There are many different reasons your teacher, employer, or friend may ask you to summarize something. Here are few of the main reasons why it´s important to learn this skill. # Reason Explanation 1 to demonstrate comprehension If you can write a summary, you know what a text is about. In an academic setting, it is important for your instructor to know that you understand the main idea of the content. 2 to find the important parts An important reading skill is being able to easily find the most important parts and to ignore the parts that aren’t essential. Summary writing requires you to practice and demonstrate thisreal-life skill. 3 to report to others In the real world, you often need to summarize content to help others learn what they have missed. In a work setting, your colleagues may be unable to attend a presentation or read a report. In an academic setting, you may need to summarize a lecture that a friend missed.
2. VOCABULARY PREVIEW
Match up as many words and meanings as you can. Check this exercise again after seeing the words in context in this lesson.
- summarize
- paraphrase
- attributive tag
- relevant
- sparingly
- condensed
- objective
- concise
- proofread
- annotate
a. necessary, essential
b. shortened
c. to the point, brief
d. to shorten someone´s work into the main
idea and important details
e. to reword in one’s own words (crediting the
original source)
f. to mark up or add notes to a document
g. without one’s own personal ideas
h. in a limited way
i. to do a final check for mistakes in a text
j. a phrase that indicates who the original
author is
3. WHAT YOU ARE SUPPOSED TO DO IN A SUMMARY
! Write a shorter version of a longer work. ! Write in paragraph form ! Be concise and objective ! Use your own words (paraphrase) ! Do not include your opinions, ideas or interpretations ! Do not include specific details
4. HOW YOU HAVE TO DO IT
a. Read the original text once. b. Reread the text armed with a pen and a blank piece of paper. c. As you reread, identify the title and the author of the original work. d. Find and circle the main idea. e. Divide the article into its main sections. Draw boxes around them. f. Place a star beside one relevant point that relates to the main idea in each box. g. Read the starred parts to yourself. h. Put the original work away. i. Write the main idea in pint form on your paper. j. Write points for each important detail (look at the original text if necessary). k. Use your notes to write a paragraph that summarises the text. Use the present tense. l. Read the original work and reread your summary: add any key parts that you missed and omit those that are not central to the main idea. Do not introduce your opinions. m. Proofread it before making a final copy of your summary n. Use all the above to write ONE paragraph as follows:
Attributive Tags THE AUTHOR / NAME / HE / SHE...
- believes • insists • reminds
- claims • informs • reports
- demonstrates • maintains • says
- suggests • notes • states
- emphasizes • observes • explains
6. NOW YOUR TURN
Follow the step by step guide in section 4 to write a summary of the text on page 27 (Advantage 2, Burlington Books) Here are some useful words and phrases to use in your summary: Use Useful Words & Phrases Introductory Sentence
- In “ ,” covers/writes about/discusses. (title) (author) (main idea / theme)
- As explains in “ ,”... (author) (title)
- , in “ ,” focuses on... (Author) (title) Main Idea
- The piece covers...
- “ " is a story about... (Title)
- The article/piece is mainly about...
- The main point the author makes is... Relevant Details
- As notes/tells us, ... (author)
- The article/piece/text says that...
- According to , ... (author)
- A report about claims that... (topic)
- argues that... (Author) Summing Up
- In short, ...
- To summarize, ...
- In summary, ...
- In brief, ...
- To conclude, ...
- As mentioned, ...
