30 Arduino Projects, Manuais, Projetos, Pesquisas de Cultura

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30 Arduino

Projects for

the Evil Genius

30 Arduino

™

Projects for

the Evil Genius

™

Simon Monk

New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto

Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

ISBN: 978-0-07-174134-

MHID: 0-07-174134-

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To my late father, Hugh Monk, from whom I inherited a love for electronics. He would have had so much fun with all this.

vii

Contents

Acknowledgments.................................................. ix

 - 1 Quickstart Introduction xi - Powering Up - Installing the Software. - Configuring Your Arduino Environment - Downloading the Project Software - Project 1 Flashing LED - Breadboard. - Summary 

• 2 A Tour of Arduino - Microcontrollers. - What’s on an Arduino Board? - The Arduino Family. - The C Language. - Summary
• 3 LED Projects. - Project 2 Morse Code S.O.S. Flasher - Loops - Arrays. - Project 3 Morse Code Translator. - Project 4 High-Brightness Morse Code Translator - Summary
• 4 More LED Projects. - Digital Inputs and Outputs. - Project 5 Model Traffic Signal - Project 6 Strobe Light - Project 7 S.A.D. Light - Project 8 High-Powered Strobe Light - Random Number Generation. - Project 9 LED Dice - Summary
  • 5 Sensor Projects - Project 10 Keypad Security Code - Rotary Encoders. - Project 11 Model Traffic Signal Using a Rotary Encoder - Sensing Light - Project 12 Pulse Rate Monitor. - Measuring Temperature - Project 13 USB Temperature Logger - Summary
  • 6 Light Projects. - Project 14 Multicolor Light Display - Seven-Segment LEDs - Project 15 Seven-Segment LED Double Dice. - Project 16 LED Array - LCD Displays - Project 17 USB Message Board - Summary
    • 7 Sound Projects.
      • Project 18 Oscilloscope
      • Sound Generation
      • Project 19 Tune Player.
      • Project 20 Light Harp
      • Project 21 VU Meter
      • Summary
    • 8 Power Projects
      • Project 22 LCD Thermostat.
      • Project 23 Computer-Controlled Fan.
      • H-Bridge Controllers
      • Project 24 Hypnotizer
      • Servo Motors
      • Project 25 Servo-Controlled Laser
      • Summary
  • 9 Miscellaneous Projects - Project 26 Lie Detector - Project 27 Magnetic Door Lock - Project 28 Infrared Remote - Project 29 Lilypad Clock. - Project 30 Evil Genius Countdown Timer. - Summary
• 10 Your Projects - Circuits. - Components - Tools. - Project Ideas. - Appendix Components and Supplies - Suppliers - Starter Kit of Components. - Index

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Introduction

ARDUINO INTERFACE BOARDS provide the Evil Genius with a low-cost, easy-to-use technology to create their evil projects. A whole new breed of projects can now be built that can be controlled from a computer. Before long, the computer- controlled, servo-driven laser will be complete and the world will be at the mercy of the Evil Genius!

This book will show the Evil Genius how to attach an Arduino board to their computer, to program it, and to connect all manner of electronics to it to create projects, including the computer-controlled, servo-driven laser mentioned earlier, a USB-controlled fan, a light harp, a USB temperature logger, a sound oscilloscope, and many more.

Full schematic and construction details are provided for every project, and most can be built without the need for soldering or special tools. However, the more advanced Evil Genius may wish to transfer the projects from a plug-in breadboard to something more permanent, and instructions for this are also provided.

So, What Is Arduino?

Well, Arduino is a small microcontroller board with a USB plug to connect to your computer and a number of connection sockets that can be wired up to external electronics, such as motors, relays, light sensors, laser diodes, loudspeakers, microphones, etc. They can either be powered through the USB connection from the computer or from a 9V battery. They can be controlled from the computer or programmed by the computer and then disconnected and allowed to work independently.

At this point, the Evil Genius might be wondering which top secret government organization they need to break into in order to acquire one. Well, disappointingly, no evil deeds at all are required to obtain one of these devices. The Evil Genius needs to go no further than their favorite online auction site or search engine. Since the Arduino is an open-source hardware design, anyone is free to take the designs and create their own clones of the Arduino and sell them, so the market for the boards is competitive. An official Arduino costs about $30, and a clone often less than $20. The name “Arduino” is reserved by the original makers. However, clone Arduino designs often have the letters “duino” on the end of their name, for example, Freeduino or DFRduino. The software for programming your Arduino is easy to use and also freely available for Windows, Mac, and LINUX computers at no cost.

Arduino

Although Arduino is an open-source design for a microcontroller interface board, it is actually rather more than that, as it encompasses the software development tools that you need to program an Arduino board, as well as the board itself. There is a large community of construction, programming, electronics, and even art enthusiasts willing to share their expertise and experience on the Internet. To begin using Arduino, first go to the Arduino site (www.arduino.cc) and download the software for Mac, PC, or LINUX. You can then either buy an official Arduino by clicking the Buy An

xi

Introduction xiii

each other. So a design might have three layers: an Arduino board on the bottom, a GPS shield on it, and then an LCD display shield on top of that.

The Projects

The projects in this book are quite diverse. We begin with some simple examples using standard LEDs and also the ultra high-brightness Luxeon LEDs.

In Chapter 5, we look at various sensor projects for logging temperature and measuring light and pressure. The USB connection to the Arduino makes it possible to take the sensor readings in these projects and pass them back to the computer, where they can be imported into a spreadsheet and charts drawn.

We then look at projects using various types of display technology, including an alphanumeric LCD message board (again using USB to get messages from your computer), as well as seven- segment and multicolor LEDs.

Chapter 7 contains four projects that use sound as well as a simple oscilloscope. We have a simple project to play tunes from a loudspeaker, and build up to a light harp that changes the pitch and volume of the sound by waving your hand over light sensors. This produces an effect rather like the famous Theremin synthesizer. The final project in this chapter uses sound input from a microphone. It is a VU meter that displays the intensity of the sound on an LED display.

The final chapters contain a mixture of projects. Among others, there is, as we have already mentioned, an unfathomable binary clock using an Arduino Lilypad board that indicates the time in an obscure binary manner only readable by an Evil Genius, a lie detector, a motor-controlled swirling hypnotizer disk, and, of course, the computer- controlled-servo-guided laser.

Most of the projects in this book can be constructed without the need for soldering; instead we use a breadboard. A breadboard is a plastic block with holes in it with sprung metal connections behind. Electronic components are pushed through the holes at the front. These are not expensive, and a suitable breadboard is also listed in the appendix. However, if you wish to make your designs more permanent, the book shows you how to do that, too, using the prototyping board. Sources for all the components are listed in the appendix, along with some useful suppliers. The only things you will need in addition to these components are an Arduino board, a computer, some wire, and a piece of breadboard. The software for all the projects is available for download from www.arduinoevilgenius.com.

Without Further Ado

The Evil Genius is not noted for their patience, so in the next chapter we will show you how to get started with Arduino as quickly as possible. This chapter contains all the instructions for installing the software and programming your Arduino board, including downloading the software for the projects, so you will need to read it before you embark on your projects. In Chapter 2 we take a look at some of the essential theory that will help you build the projects described in this book, and go on to design projects of your own. Most of the theory is contained in this chapter, so if you are the kind of Evil Genius who prefers to just make the projects and find out how they work afterwards, you may prefer, after reading Chapter 1, to just to pick a project and start building. Then if you get stuck, you can use the index or read some of the early chapters.

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Install the Arduino development environment, which is the program that you run on your computer that enables you to write sketches and download them to the Arduino board.

The Arduino website (www.arduino.cc) contains the latest version of the software.

Installation on Windows

Follow the download link on the Arduino home page (www.arduino.cc) and select the download for Windows. This will start the download of the Zip archive containing the Arduino software, as shown in Figure 1-2. You may well be downloading a more recent version of the software than the version 17 shown. This should not matter, but if you experience any problems, refer back to the instructions on the Arduino home page.

The Arduino software does not distinguish between different versions of Windows. The download should work for all versions, from Windows XP onwards. The following instructions are for Windows XP.

Select the Save option from the dialog, and save the Zip file onto your desktop. The folder contained in the Zip file will become your main Arduino directory, so now unzip it into C:\Program Files\Arduino. You can do this in Windows XP by right- clicking the Zip file to show the menu in Figure 1-3 and selecting the Extract All option. This will open the Extraction Wizard, shown in Figure 1-4.

2 30 Arduino Projects for the Evil Genius

Figure 1-1 A powered-up Arduino board with LED lit.

Downloading the Arduino software for Windows.

Figure 1-

Click Next and then modify the folder to extract files to C:\Program Files\Arduino as shown in Figure 1-5. Then click Next again.

This will create a new directory for this version of Arduino (in this case, 17) in the folder C:\Program Files\Arduino. This allows you to have multiple versions of Arduino installed at the same time, each in its own folder. Updates of Arduino are fairly infrequent and historically have always kept compatibility with earlier versions of the software. So unless there is a new feature of the software that you want to use, or you have been having problems, it is by no means essential to keep up with the latest version.

Now that we have got the Arduino folder in the right place, we need to install the USB drivers. We let Windows do this for us by plugging in the Arduino board to trigger the Windows Found New Hardware Wizard shown in Figure 1-6.

Select the option No, Not This Time, and then click Next. On the next screen (Figure 1-7), click the option to install from a specified location, enter or browse to the location C:\Program Files\Arduino\arduino- 0017\drivers\FTDI USB Drivers, and then click Next. Note that you will have to change 0017 in the path noted if you download a different version. The installation will then complete and you are ready to start up the Arduino software itself. To do this, go to My Computer, navigate to C:\Program

Chapter 1 ■ Quickstart 3

The Extract All menu option in Windows.

Figure 1-

Extracting the Arduino file in Windows.

Figure 1-

Figure 1-5 Setting the directory for extraction.