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CONFINED SPACE

PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT COURSE

CONTINUING EDUCATION COURSE

Definition of Confined Spaces Requiring an Entry Permit

A Confined space is:

1. Is large enough or so configured that an employee can bodily enter and perform work.

2. Has limited or restricted means for entry or exit (i.e. tanks, vessels, silos, storage bins,

hoppers, vaults, and pits are spaces that may have limited means of entry).

3. Is not designed for continuous employee occupancy.

Some States and many employers require the final exam to be proctored.

Do not solely depend on TLC’s Approval list for it may be outdated.

United States Library of Congress Number TX 6-600-

ISBN 978-0-9799928-8-

All Rights Reserved.

Copyright Notice

1999-2018 Technical Learning College (TLC) No part of this work may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means without TLC’s prior written approval. Permission has been sought for all images and text where we believe copyright exists and where the copyright holder is traceable and contactable. Other materials including text and artwork are in the public domain or fair use (the state of belonging or being available to the public as a whole, and therefore not subject to copyright.) All material that is not credited or acknowledged or referenced in the rear of this course is the copyright of Technical Learning College. Most unaccredited photographs have been taken by TLC instructors or TLC students. All written, graphic, photographic or other material is provided for educational information only. We will be pleased to hear from any copyright holder and will make good on your work if any unintentional copyright infringements were made as soon as these issues are brought to the editor's attention.

This educational training course and assignment is intended for educational purposes only. Every possible effort was made to ensure that all information provided in this course is accurate. Therefore, Technical Learning College accepts no responsibility or liability whatsoever for the application or misuse of any information included herein.

Requests for acknowledgements or permission to make copies shall be made to the following address:

TLC P.O. Box 3060 Chino Valley, AZ 86323

Information in this document is subject to change without notice. TLC is not liable for errors or omissions appearing in this document.

Contributing Editors

James L. Six Received a Bachelor of Science Degree in Civil Engineering from the University of Akron in June of 1976, Registered Professional Engineer in the State of Ohio, Number 45031 (Retired), Class IV Water Supply Operator issued by Ohio EPA, Number WS4-1012914-08, Class II Wastewater Collection System Operator issued by Ohio EPA, Number WC2-1012914-

Joseph Camerata has a BS in Management with honors (magna cum laude). He retired as a Chemist in 2006 having worked in the field of chemical, environmental, and industrial hygiene sampling and analysis for 40 years. He has been a professional presenter at an EPA analytical conference at the Biosphere in Arizona and a presenter at an AWWA conference in Mesa, Arizona. He also taught safety classes at the Honeywell and City of Phoenix, and is a motivational/inspirational speaker nationally and internationally.

James Bevan , Water Quality Inspector S.M.E. Twenty years of experience in the environmental field dealing with all aspects of water regulations on the federal, state, and local levels. Experience in the water/wastewater industry includes operation of a wastewater facility, industrial pretreatment program compliance sampling, cross-connection control program management, storm water management, industrial and commercial facility inspections, writing inspection reports for industry, and technical reports per EPA permit requirements. Teacher and Proctor in Charge for Backflow Certification Testing at the ASETT Center in Tucson for the past 15 years and possess an Arizona Community College, Special Teaching Certificate in Environmental Studies. Extensive knowledge and experience in college course and assignment/assessment writing.

Dr. Pete Greer S.M.E., Retired biology instructor, chemistry and biological review.

Jack White , Environmental, Health, Safety expert, City of Phoenix. Art Credits.

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Technical Learning College (TLC) offers affordable continuing education for today’s working professionals who need to maintain licenses or certifications. TLC holds several different governmental agency approvals for granting of continuing education credit.

TLC’s delivery method of continuing education can include traditional types of classroom lectures and distance-based courses or independent study. TLC’s distance based or independent study courses are offered in a print - based distance educational format. We will beat any other training competitor’s price for the same CEU material or classroom training.

Our courses are designed to be flexible and for you do finish the material on your leisure. Students can also receive course materials through the mail. The CEU course or e-manual will contain all your lessons, activities and instruction to obtain the assignments. All of TLC’s CEU courses allow students to submit assignments using e-mail or fax, or by postal mail. (See the course description for more information.)

Students have direct contact with their instructor—primarily by e-mail or telephone. TLC’s CEU courses may use such technologies as the World Wide Web, e-mail, CD-ROMs, videotapes and hard copies. (See the course description.) Make sure you have access to the necessary equipment before enrolling, i.e., printer, Microsoft Word and/or Adobe Acrobat Reader. Some courses may require proctored closed-book exams depending upon your state or employer requirements.

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Course Structure TLC's online courses combine the best of online delivery and traditional university textbooks. You can easily find the course syllabus, course content, assignments, and the post-exam (Assignment). This student friendly course design allows you the most flexibility in choosing when and where you will study.

Classroom of One TLC offers you the best of both worlds. You learn on your own terms, on your own time, but you are never on your own. Once enrolled, you will be assigned a personal Student Service Representative who works with you on an individualized basis throughout your program of study. Course specific faculty members (S.M.E.) are assigned at the beginning of each course providing the academic support you need to successfully complete each course. Please call or email us for assistance.

Course Description

CONFINED SPACE CEU TRAINING COURSE

Background Many workplaces contain spaces that are considered “confined” because their configurations hinder the activities of any employees who must enter, work in, and exit them. For example, employees who work in process vessels generally must squeeze in and out through narrow openings and perform their tasks while cramped or contorted. OSHA uses the term “confined space” to describe such spaces.

In addition, there are many instances where employees who work in confined spaces face increased risk of exposure to serious hazards. In some cases, confinement itself poses entrapment hazards. In other cases, confined space work keeps employees closer to hazards, such as asphyxiating atmospheres or the moving parts of machinery. OSHA uses the term “permit-required confined space” (permit space) to describe those spaces that both meet the definition of “confined space” and pose health or safety hazards. Because of various safety hazards inside or near confined spaces, we will examine the Hazard Communication Rule, Respiratory Protection Rule and Excavation and Trenching (Competent Person Rule).

Course Purpose This is comprehensive safety training course focusing upon confined space dangers and related safety concerns. This course is intended for continuing education or annual safety training. The intent of the course is to ensure a qualified workforce and reduce the possibility of incidents caused by human error. Confined Space entry or work is the most dangerous area that TLC trains students. There are no prerequisites, and no other materials are needed for this course.

Applicable OSHA Rules 1926.21(b)(6)(i) All employees required to enter into confined or enclosed spaces shall be instructed as to the nature of the hazards involved, the necessary precautions to be taken, and in the use of protective and emergency equipment required. The employer shall comply with any specific regulations that apply to work in dangerous or potentially dangerous areas.

1926.21(b)(6)(ii) For purposes of paragraph (b)(6)(i) of this section, “confined or enclosed space” means any space having a limited means of egress, which is subject to the accumulation of toxic or flammable contaminants or has an oxygen-deficient atmosphere. Confined or enclosed spaces include, but are not limited to, storage tanks, process vessels, bins, boilers, ventilation or exhaust ducts, sewers, underground utility vaults, tunnels, pipelines, and open-top spaces more than 4 feet in depth, such as pits, tubs, vaults, and vessels.

Course Goals Confined Space Chapter Learning Objectives The Confined Space chapter is for students to understand and describe various confined space hazards and how to document and mitigate confined space hazards and related safety related hazards.

Confined Space Chapter Learning Objectives At the end of this chapter, students will be able to describe and explain:

1. The purpose and need for confined space training.
2. The difference between a confined space and a permit required confined space.
3. The purpose of proper documentation and form completion.

Hazard Communication Chapter Learning Objectives The basic goal of a Hazard Communication Program is to make sure employers and employees know about potential work hazards, how to recognize them and, most importantly, how to protect themselves. This chapter is designed to help reduce the possible incidence of chemical source illness and injuries.

Hazard Communication Chapter Learning Objectives By the end of this chapter, students should able to understand and explain:

1. The purpose and need for Hazard Communication.
2. The purpose of SDS and related resources.
3. The need for Personal Protective Equipment.
4. Describe different types of Hazard Communication Programs that may relate to working in confined spaces.

Respiratory Protection Chapter Learning Objectives This chapter covers basic respirator protection and the Federal OSHA RP Rule. This section is general in nature and not state specific.

Respiratory Protection Chapter Goals

1. Respirator Protection Familiarization. a. Definitions b. Physical Description c. Protective Personnel Equipment d. Rules
2. Types of Devices and Applications. a. Common RP Devices and Engineering Controls OSHA b. Definitions c. Rules and Regulations d. Identify RP Standard
3. Program Review a. References b. Glossary
4. Advanced RP Application and Competency

Respiratory Protection Chapter Learning Objectives By the end of this chapter, students should understand:

1. The purpose and application of process safety management, including training and employee participation required by OSHA’s regulation;
2. The importance of paying greater attention to the risks of the highly hazardous materials covered by the regulation;
3. The importance of being involved in manager programs to reduce the chance of catastrophic releases of hazardous substances;
4. Be familiar with the company’s written procedures for respirator use in normal and emergency situations and understand why a respirator is necessary.
5. Understand the different types of respirators and their purposes.

Environmental Terms, Abbreviations, and Acronyms TLC provides a glossary in the rear of this manual that defines, in non-technical language, commonly used environmental terms appearing in publications and materials, as well as abbreviations and acronyms used throughout the EPA and other governmental agencies.

Instructions for Written Assignments The Confined Space training correspondence course uses multiple choice and true/false questions. Answers may be written in this manual or typed out on a separate answer sheet. TLC prefers that students type out and e-mail their answer sheets to [email protected], but they may be faxed to (928) 468-0675.

Grading Criteria TLC will offer the student either pass/fail or a standard letter grading assignment. If TLC is not notified, you will only receive a pass/fail notice. For security purposes, please fax or e-mail a copy of your driver’s license and always call us to confirm we’ve received your assignment and to confirm your identity. TLC offers students the option of either pass/fail or assignment of a standard letter grade. If a standard letter grade is not requested, a pass/fail notice will be issued.

Final course grades are based on the total number of possible points. The grading scale is administered equally to all students in the course. Do not expect to receive a grade higher than that merited by your total points. No point adjustments will be made for class participation or other subjective factors.

Feedback Mechanism (examination procedures) Each student will receive a feedback form as part of the study packet. You will be able to find this form in the front of the course or lesson.

Grading Criteria TLC will offer the student either pass/fail or a standard letter grading assignment. If TLC is not notified, you will only receive a pass/fail notice. For security purposes, please fax or e- mail a copy of your driver’s license and always call us to confirm we’ve received your assignment and to confirm your identity.

Security and Integrity We expect every student to produce his/her original, independent work. Lesson sheets and final exams are not returned to the students, to discourage sharing of answers. If any fraud or deceit is discovered, the student will forfeit all fees, and the appropriate agency will be notified.

Any student whose work indicates a violation of the Academic Misconduct Policy (cheating and/or plagiarism) can expect penalties as specified in the Student Handbook, which is available through Student Services; contact them at (928) 468-0665.

Forfeiture of Certificate (Cheating) If a student is found to have cheated on an examination, the penalty may include--but is not limited to--expulsion; foreclosure from future classes for a specified period; forfeiture of certificate for course/courses enrolled in at TLC; or all of the above in accordance with TLC’s Student Manual. A letter notifying the student’s sponsoring organization (State Agency) of the individual's misconduct will be sent by the appropriate official at TLC. No refund will be given for paid courses. An investigation of all other students that have taken the same assignment within 60-day period of the discovery will be re-examined for fraud or cheating. TLC reserves the right to revoke any published certificates and/or grades if cheating has been discovered for any reason and at any time. Students shall sign affidavit agreeing with all security measures.

Disclaimer and Security Notice The student shall understand that it their responsibility to ensure that this CEU course is either approved or accepted in my State for CEU credit. The student shall understand and follow State laws and rules concerning distance learning courses and understand these rules change on a frequent basis and will not hold Technical Learning College responsible for any changes. The student shall understand that this type of study program deals with dangerous conditions and will not hold Technical Learning College, Technical Learning Consultants, Inc. (TLC) liable for any errors or omissions or advice contained in this CEU education training course or for any violation or injury caused by this CEU education training course material. The student shall contact TLC if I need help or assistance and double-check to ensure my registration page and assignment has been received and graded. The student shall submit a driver’s license for signature verification and track their time worked on the assignment. The student shall sign an affidavit verifying they have not cheated and worked alone on the assignment.

Record Keeping and Reporting Practices TLC keeps all student records for a minimum of seven years. It is the student’s responsibility to give the completion certificate to the appropriate agencies. However, TLC will send the required information to Texas, Indiana, and Pennsylvania for certificate renewals

ADA Compliance TLC will make reasonable accommodations for persons with documented disabilities. Students should notify TLC and their instructors of any special needs. Course content may vary from this outline to meet the needs of these particular students.

Note to Students Keep a copy of everything that you submit! If your work is lost, you can submit your copy for grading. If you do not receive your certificate of completion or other results within two to three weeks after submitting it, please contact your instructor.

When the Student finishes this course… At the finish of this course, you (the student) should be able to explain and describe the various confined space and permit required confined space terms and conditions, including the revised Hazard Communication system, respitory protection and competent person requirements. The student will understand and explain the physical, chemical, engineering hazards, the dangers of trenching, hazardous conditions and hazardous chemicals. The student will understand and explain the personal protection equipment, administrative and engineering controls.

NOTICE

THIS MATERIAL WAS PREPARED BY TECHNICAL LEARNING COLLEGE. THIS

PUBLICATION IS DESIGNED TO PROVIDE BASIC INFORMATION IN REGARD TO

THE SUBJECT OF CONFINED SPACE AWARENESS ONLY.

THE INFORMATION PROVIDED IS NOT DESIGNED TO INTERPRET THE

FEDERAL RULES OR STATE LAWS, STANDARDS, RULES OR REGULATIONS

OR TO REPLACE THE LEGAL ADVICE OF AN ATTORNEY.

TECHNICAL LEARNING COLLEGE WILL NOT TAKE ANY RESPONSIBILITY FOR

ANY INJURIES, DEATHS, OR DAMAGES TO PROPERTY, REAL OR OTHERWISE

CONNECTED TO THIS TRAINING.

EXCAVATION WORK IS VERY DANGEROUS. IF THERE IS ANY MATERIAL IN

WHICH YOU DO NOT CLEARLY UNDERSTAND, IT IS YOUR RESPONSIBILITY TO

HAVE THOSE AREAS EXPLAINED TO YOU BY YOUR SUPERVISOR.

TECHNICAL LEARNING COLLEGE OR THE INSTRUCTOR IS NOT RESPONSIBLE

FOR ANY PERSONAL PROPERTY DAMAGE OR FOR YOUR COMPANY'S

SAFETY POLICES OR PROCEDURES.

TECHNICAL LEARNING COLLEGE IS NOT LIABLE IN ANY WAY FOR ANY

INJURIES, DEATHS, LOSS OF WAGES, OR LOSS OF PROPERTY.

I HAVE READ THE ABOVE AND UNDERSTAND THAT THIS COURSE IS ONLY A

TRAINING AWARENESS SESSION.

I ALSO UNDERSTAND THAT CONFINED SPACE AND EXCAVATION WORK IS

VERY DANGEROUS, AND THAT IT IS MY RESPONSIBILITY TO KNOW AND

FOLLOW ALL PERTINENT SAFETY POLICES AND PROCEDURES.

NAME: _________________________________________ DATE: ____________

This guide does not list every conceivable confined space hazard. It

is not intended as a legal interpretation of federal or state standards,

and should not be used as a substitute for training.

Confined Space Training and Education Requirements

OSHA's General Industry Regulation, §1910.146 Permit-required confined spaces, contains requirements for practices and procedures to protect employees in general industry from the hazards of entry into permit-required confined spaces. This regulation does not apply to construction.

On May 4, 2015, OSHA issued a new standard for construction work in confined spaces, which became effective August 3, 2015. Confined spaces can present physical and atmospheric hazards that can be avoided if they are recognized and addressed prior to entering these spaces to perform work. The new standard, Subpart AA of 29 CFR 1926 will help prevent construction workers from being hurt or killed by eliminating and isolating hazards in confined spaces at construction sites similar to the way workers in other industries are already protected.