Visões e Perspectivas sobre Combustíveis Veiculares: Ethanol e Agroenergia no Brasil, Notas de estudo de Língua Inglesa

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ETHANOLETHANOL

Alexandre Betinardi Strapasson

Director of the Department of Sugar Cane and Agroenergy

Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply

VISÕES SOBRE COMBUSTÍVEIS VEICULARESVISÕES SOBRE COMBUSTÍVEIS VEICULARES

• (^) World preponderance of Otto and Diesel cycles

engines, developed for liquid fuels

• (^) The fleet renewal is a gradual process and not

immediate

• (^) New technologies such as hybrid vehicles and

electric engines constitute a promise for the future, but

their costs are still elevated in the short term.

• (^) Large scale hydrogen or electricity use as vehicle fuels will still take time and requires an

energy source for its production, not always renewable.

• (^) Fuel production by the thermochemical process from biomass, hydrocellulosic hydrolysis

and diesel from sugarcane may become competitive in the future.

• (^) Birth of a new agricultural and energy paradigm: Agroenergy FORECASTS ON VEHICLES FUELS

ETHANOLETHANOL

1532: Martim Afonso de Sousa 1532: Martim Afonso de Sousa

introduces sugar cane in Brazil introduces sugar cane in Brazil

1925: First ethanol powered vehicle 1925: First ethanol powered vehicle

tested in Braziltested in Brazil

1979: First commercial ethanol moved 1979: First commercial ethanol moved

vehicle in Brazilvehicle in Brazil

Flex fuel Flex fuel motors aremotors are

launchedlaunched

MAKING A NEW MARKET FOR SUGAR CANEMAKING A NEW MARKET FOR SUGAR CANE BLENDING ETHANOL TO GASOLINE: Current mix in Brazil (B25): 25% ethanol + 75% gasoline. USING FLEX FUEL CARS Flex-Fuel Engine allows the use of ethanol or gasoline in any concentration of these fuels.

• Current manufacturers: VW,GM, Ford, Fiat, Renault, Peugeot, Citroen, Honda and Toyota.
• Current fleet: 5.6 million vehicles. The consumption of ethanol is already higher than gasoline in Brazil.

MAIN REASONS RELATED TO THE RECENT GLOBAL INCREASES IN FOOD PRICES:

• Increase in the global demand for food, mainly because of the increase in the

per capita income and the rural exodus in some developing countries

• (^) Record oil prices
• (^) US Dollar devaluation
• (^) Increase in prices of fertilizers
• (^) Migration of investments to the agricultural commodities market
• (^) Constraints in distribution logistics and food exporting barriers in some countries
• (^) Weather problems, probably aggravated by global warming BIOFUELS AND FOOD PRODUCTION^ BIOFUELS AND FOOD PRODUCTION

OTHER ASPECTS:

• (^) There is no relation between ethanol production in Brazil and the international increase in

food prices

• (^) Ethanol form corn in the US might have caused a limited impact in some products
• (^) High prices of food incentive the food production because of better income for the farmers

CHALLENGES TO INCREASE THE GLOBAL SUPPLY OF FOOD:

• (^) Reduce urgently both agricultural subsidies and trade barriers for the food products (Doha

Round), the main causes of agricultural harm in developing countries.

• (^) Give incentives to technology transfer and better agricultural practices to developing

countries, supported by international agencies, organizations and banks.

• (^) Implementation of the Agenda of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate

Change (UNFCCC) and its Kyoto Protocol

BIOFUELS AND FOOD PRODUCTION^ BIOFUELS AND FOOD PRODUCTION

POTENTIAL AREAS FOR SUGAR CANE EXPANSIONPOTENTIAL AREAS FOR SUGAR CANE EXPANSION Million ha % Pasture 172,3 20,2% Crops (yearly and perennial), except sugar cane 68,9 8,1% Sugar cane 7,8 0,9% Woods and Forests 99,8 11,7% Others areas (Amazon Forest, cities, protected areas etc) 502,2 59,0% Total 851 100,0%* Source: IBGE, Census 2006

• CONAB, 2008

CURRENT USE

Area

Plant in construction

or in project

Current

plant

AMAZON

PANTANAL

Sugar Cane Fields

WHERE DOES BRAZIL PRODUCE SUGAR CANE? WHERE DOES BRAZIL PRODUCE SUGAR CANE?

THANK YOU!THANK YOU! OBRIGADO! OBRIGADO!

Alexandre Betinardi Strapasson

[email protected]

Telephone: +55 61 32182147

Fax: +55 61 33220337