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Section 4: Metals

4.1 Physical Properties of Selected Metals

4.2 Optical Properties

4.3 Mechanical Properties

4.4 Thermal Properties

4.5 Mirror Substrate Materials

Section 4: Metals 313

Section 4

METALS

Metals are used in optical systems as reflective optical components, optical thin films,

structural elements, and mirror substrates. For these optical applications only a limited

number of metals are useful. The materials and properties included in this section are

therefore necessarily selective.

Depending upon the application, various physical, optical, mechanical, and thermal

properties are of interest; for example, structural stiffness with low mass, thermal diffusivity

to reduce thermal gradients and associated distortions, and smooth surface finish to accept

of optical coatings. Thermal, elastic, electrical and magnetic properties may be anisotropic,

thus crystal structure is also important.

4.1 Physical Properties of Selected Metals

Metal Symbol

Crystal structure

Space group

Atomic weight

Density (g/cm^3 )

Aluminum Al cubic Fm3m 26.98 2. Beryllium Be hexagonal P6 3 /mmc 9.01 1. Chromium Cr cubic Im3m 52.00 7. Copper Cu cubic Fm3m 63.55 8. Germanium Ge cubic Fd3m 72.61 5. Gold Au cubic Fm3m 196.97 19. Iridium Ir cubic Fm3m 192.22 22. Iron Fe cubic Im3m 55.85 7. Magnesium Mg hexagonal P6 3 /mmc 24.30 1. Molybdenum Mo cubic Im3m 95.94 10. Nickel Ni cubic Fd3m 58.69 8. Niobium Nb cubic Im3m 92.91 8. Osmium Os hexagonal P6 3 /mmc 190.23 22. Palladium Pd cubic Fm3m 106.42 12. Platinum Pt cubic Fm3m 195.08 21. Rhenium Re cubic Fm3m 186.21 20. Rhodium Rh cubic Fm3m 102.91 12. Silicon Si cubic Fd3m 28.09 2. Silver Ag cubic Fm3m 107.87 10. Tantalum Ta cubic Im3m 180.95 16. Tin Sn tetragonal Fd3m 118.71 7. Titanium Ti cubic Im3m 47.88 4. Tungsten W cubic Im3m 183.84 19. Zinc Zn hexagonal P6 3 /mmc 65.39 7. Zirconium Zr hexagonal P6 3 /mmc 91.22 6.

Energy

eV n k R( φ = 0)

Energy

316 Handbook of Optical Materials

Aluminum 4 —continued

Energy eV n k R( φ = 0)

Energy

Energy eV n k R( φ = 0)

Energy

318 Handbook of Optical Materials

Copper 6 —continued

Energy eV n k R( φ = 0)

Energy

Energy eV n k R( φ = 0)

Energy

Germaniu m^7 —continued

Energy eV n k R( φ = 0)

Energy

Gold 8 —continued

Energy eV n k R( φ = 0)

Energy

322 Handbook of Optical Materials

Gold 8 —continued

Energy eV n k R( φ = 0)

Energy

Energy eV n k R( φ = 0)

Energy

324 Handbook of Optical Materials

Iron 10 —continued

Energy eV n k R( φ = 0)

Energy

Iron 10 —continued

Energy eV n k R( φ = 0)

Energy

Magnesium^11 (evaporated)

Energy eV n k R( φ = 0)

Energy

Molybdenum 12 —continued

Energy eV n k R( φ = 0)

Energy

Energy eV n k R( φ = 0)

Energy

328 Handbook of Optical Materials

Nickel 13 —continued

Energy eV n k R( φ = 0)

Energy

330 Handbook of Optical Materials

Niobium 14 —continued

Energy eV n k R( φ = 0)

Energy

Energy eV n k R( φ = 0) Energy

 - Section 4: Metals 

• Aluminum
• 0.040 98.595 203.701 0.9923 4.400 0.244 3.380 0. eV n k R( φ = 0)
• 0.050 74.997 172.199 0.9915 4.600 0.223 3.222 0.
• 0.060 62.852 150.799 0.9906 4.800 0.205 3.076 0.
• 0.070 53.790 135.500 0.9899 8.000 0.072 1.663 0.
• 0.080 45.784 123.734 0.9895 8.500 0.063 1.527 0.
• 0.090 39.651 114.102 0.9892 9.000 0.056 1.402 0.
• 0.100 34.464 105.600 0.9889 9.500 0.049 1.286 0.
• 0.125 24.965 89.250 0.9884 10.000 0.044 1.178 0.
• 0.150 18.572 76.960 0.9882 10.500 0.040 1.076 0.
• 0.175 14.274 66.930 0.9879 11.000 0.036 0.979 0.
• 0.200 11.733 59.370 0.9873 11.500 0.033 0.883 0.
• 0.250 8.586 48.235 0.9858 12.000 0.033 0.791 0.
• 0.300 6.759 40.960 0.9844 12.500 0.034 0.700 0.
• 0.350 5.438 35.599 0.9834 13.000 0.038 0.609 0.
• 0.400 4.454 31.485 0.9826 13.500 0.041 0.517 0.
• 0.500 3.072 25.581 0.9817 14.000 0.048 0.417 0.
• 0.600 2.273 21.403 0.9806 14.200 0.053 0.373 0.
• 0.700 1.770 18.328 0.9794 14.400 0.058 0.327 0.
• 0.800 1.444 15.955 0.9778 14.600 0.067 0.273 0.
• 0.900 1.264 14.021 0.9749 14.800 0.086 0.211 0.
• 1.000 1.212 12.464 0.9697 15.000 0.125 0.153 0.
• 1.100 1.201 11.181 0.9630 15.200 0.178 0.108 0.
• 1.200 1.260 10.010 0.9521 15.400 0.234 0.184 0.
• 1.300 1.468 8.949 0.9318 15.600 0.280 0.073 0.
• 1.400 2.237 8.212 0.8852 15.800 0.318 0.065 0.
• 1.500 2.745 8.309 0.8678 16.000 0.351 0.060 0.
• 1.600 2.625 8.597 0.8794 16.200 0.380 0.055 0.
• 1.700 2.143 8.573 0.8972 16.400 0.407 0.050 0.
• 1.800 1.741 8.205 0.9069 16.750 0.448 0.045 0.
• 1.900 1.488 7.821 0.9116 17.000 0.474 0.042 0.
• 2.000 1.304 7.479 0.9148 17.250 0.498 0.040 0.
• 2.200 1.018 6.846 0.9200 17.500 0.520 0.038 0.
• 2.400 0.826 6.283 0.9228 17.750 0.540 0.036 0.
• 2.600 0.695 5.800 0.9238 18.000 0.558 0.035 0.
• 2.800 0.598 5.385 0.9242 18.500 0.591 0.032 0.
• 3.000 0.523 5.024 0.9241 19.000 0.620 0.030 0.
• 3.200 0.460 4.708 0.9243 19.500 0.646 0.028 0.
• 3.400 0.407 4.426 0.9245 20.000 0.668 0.027 0.
• 3.600 0.363 4.174 0.9246 20.500 0.689 0.025 0.
• 3.800 0.326 3.946 0.9247 21.000 0.707 0.024 0.
• 4.000 0.294 3.740 0.9248 21.500 0.724 0.023 0.
• 4.200 0.267 3.552 0.9248 22.000 0.739 0.022 0.
• 4.400 0.244 3.380 0.9249 22.500 0.753 0.021 0.
• 4.600 0.223 3.222 0.9249 23.000 0.766 0.021 0.
• 4.800 0.205 3.076 0.9249 23.500 0.778 0.020 0.
• 4.000 0.294 3.740 0.9248 24.000 0.789 0.019 0.
• 4.200 0.267 3.552 0.9248 24.500 0.799 0.018 0.
• 25.000 0.809 0.018 0.0113 85.000 1.007 0.028 0. eV n k R( φ = 0)
• 25.500 0.817 0.017 0.0102 90.000 1.005 0.031 0.
• 26.000 0.826 0.016 0.0092 95.000 0.999 0.036 0.
• 27.000 0.840 0.015 0.0076 100.000 0.991 0.030 0.
• 28.000 0.854 0.014 0.0063 110.000 0.994 0.025 0.
• 29.000 0.865 0.014 0.0053 120.000 0.991 0.024 0.
• 30.000 0.876 0.013 0.0044 130.000 0.987 0.021 0.
• 35.000 0.915 0.010 0.0020 140.000 0.989 0.016 0.
• 40.000 0.940 0.008 0.0010 150.000 0.990 0.015 0.
• 45.000 0.957 0.007 0.0005 160.000 0.989 0.014 0.
• 50.000 0.969 0.006 0.0003 170.000 0.989 0.011 0.
• 55.000 0.979 0.005 0.0001 180.000 0.990 0.010 0.
• 60.000 0.987 0.004 0.0000 190.000 0.990 0.009 0.
• 65.000 0.995 0.004 0.0000 200.000 0.991 0.007 0.
• 70.000 1.006 0.004 0.0000 220.000 0.992 0.006 0.
• 72.500 1.025 0.004 0.0002 240.000 0.993 0.005 0.
• 75.000 1.011 0.024 0.0002 260.000 0.993 0.004 0.
• 77.500 1.008 0.025 0.0002 280.000 0.994 0.003 0.
• 80.000 1.007 0.024 0.0002 300.000 0.995 0.002 0. - Chromium
  • 0.06 21.19 42.00 0.962 2.80 1.80 4.06 0. eV n k R( φ = 0)
  • 0.10 11.81 29.76 0.955 3.00 1.54 3.71 0.
  • 0.14 15.31 26.36 0.936 3.20 1.44 3.40 0.
  • 0.18 8.73 25.37 0.953 3.40 1.39 3.24 0.
  • 0.22 5.30 20.62 0.954 3.60 1.26 3.12 0.
  • 0.26 3.91 17.12 0.951 3.80 1.12 2.95 0.
  • 0.30 3.15 14.28 0.943 4.00 1.02 2.76 0.
  • 0.42 3.47 8.97 0.862 4.20 0.94 2.58 0.
  • 0.54 3.92 7.06 0.788 4.40 0.90 2.42 0.
  • 0.66 3.96 5.95 0.736 4.50 0.89 2.35 0.
  • 0.78 4.13 5.03 0.680 4.60 0.88 2.28 0.
  • 0.90 4.43 4.60 0.650 4.70 0.86 2.21 0.
  • 1.00 4.47 4.43 0.639 4.80 0.86 2.13 0.
  • 1.12 4.53 4.31 0.631 4.90 0.86 2.07 0.
  • 1.24 4.50 4.28 0.629 5.00 0.85 2.01 0.
  • 1.36 4.42 4.30 0.631 5.10 0.86 1.94 0.
  • 1.46 4.31 4.32 0.632 5.20 0.87 1.87 0.
  • 1.77 3.84 4.37 0.639 5.40 0.93 1.80 0.
  • 2.00 3.48 4.36 0.644 5.60 0.95 1.74 0.
  • 2.20 3.18 4.41 0.656 5.80 0.97 1.74 0.
  • 2.40 2.75 4.46 0.677 6.00 0.94 1.73 0.
  • 2.60 2.22 4.36 0.698 6.20 0.89 1.69 0. - Section 4: Metals
    • 6.40 0.85 1.66 0.447 16.50 0.31 0.75 0. eV n k R( φ = 0)
    • 6.60 0.80 1.59 0.444 17.00 0.90 0.73 0.
    • 6.80 0.75 1.51 0.439 17.50 0.88 0.72 0.
    • 7.00 0.74 1.45 0.425 18.00 0.87 0.70 0.
    • 7.20 0.71 1.39 0.414 18.50 0.84 0.69 0.
    • 7.40 0.69 1.33 0.404 19.00 0.82 0.68 0.
    • 7.60 0.66 1.23 0.378 20.00 0.77 0.64 0.
    • 7.80 0.67 1.15 0.347 20.5 0.76 0.63 0.
    • 8.00 0.68 1.07 0.315 21.0 0.74 0.58 0.
    • 8.20 0.71 1.00 0.278 21.5 0.72 0.55 0.
    • 8.50 0.74 0.92 0.235 22.0 0.71 0.52 0.
    • 9.0 0.83 0.81 0.170 22.5 0.70 0.50 0.
    • 9.50 0.92 0.74 0.132 23.0 0.69 0.48 0.
• 10.00 0.98 0.73 0.120 23.5 0.68 0.45 0.
• 10.50 1.01 0.72 0.112 24.0 0.68 0.43 0.
• 11.00 1.05 0.69 0.103 24.5 0.67 0.39 0.
• 11.50 1.09 0.69 0.100 25.0 0.68 0.36 0.
• 12.00 1.13 0.70 0.101 25.5 0.68 0.33 0.
• 12.50 1.15 0.73 0.108 26.0 0.70 0.31 0.
• 13.00 1.15 0.77 0.119 26.5 0.71 0.28 0.
• 13.50 1.12 0.80 0.128 27.0 0.72 0.26 0.
• 14.00 1.09 0.82 0.135 27.5 0.73 0.25 0.
• 14.50 1.03 0.82 0.142 28.0 0.75 0.23 0.
• 15.00 1.00 0.82 0.143 29.0 0.77 0.22 0.
• 15.50 0.96 0.80 0.141 30.0 0.78 0.21 0.
• 16.00 0.92 0.77 0. - Copper
  • 0.10 29.69 71.57 0.980 3.00 1.18 2.21 0. eV n k R( φ = 0)
  • 0.50 1.71 17.63 0.979 3.20 1.23 2.07 0.
  • 1.00 0.44 8.48 0.976 3.40 1.27 1.95 0.
  • 1.50 0.26 5.26 0.965 3.60 1.31 1.87 0.
  • 1.70 0.22 4.43 0.958 3.80 1.34 1.81 0.
  • 1.75 0.21 4.25 0.956 4.00 1.34 1.72 0.
  • 1.80 0.21 4.04 0.952 4.20 1.42 1.64 0.
  • 1.85 0.22 3.85 0.947 4.40 1.49 1.64 0.
  • 1.90 0.21 3.67 0.943 4.60 1.52 1.67 0.
  • 2.00 0.27 3.24 0.910 4.80 1.53 1.71 0.
  • 2.10 0.47 2.81 0.814 5.00 1.47 1.78 0.
  • 2.20 0.83 2.60 0.673 5.20 1.38 1.80 0.
  • 2.30 1.04 2.59 0.618 5.40 1.28 1.78 0.
  • 2.40 1.12 2.60 0.602 5.60 1.18 1.74 0.
  • 2.60 1.15 2.50 0.577 5.80 1.10 1.67 0.
  • 2.80 1.17 2.36 0.545 6.00 1.04 1.59 0.
    • 6.50 0.96 1.37 0.329 38.00 0.93 0.18 0. eV n k R( φ = 0)
    • 7.00 0.97 1.20 0.271 39.00 0.93 0.17 0.
    • 7.50 1.00 1.09 0.230 40.00 0.93 0.17 0.
    • 8.00 1.03 1.03 0.206 41.00 0.94 0.16 0.
    • 8.50 1.03 0.98 0.189 42.00 0.94 0.16 0.
    • 9.00 1.03 0.92 0.171 43.00 0.94 0.15 0.
    • 9.50 1.03 0.87 0.154 44.00 0.95 0.15 0.
• 10.00 1.04 0.82 0.139 45.00 0.95 0.15 0.
• 11.00 1.07 0.75 0.118 46.00 0.95 0.15 0.
• 12.00 1.09 0.73 0.111 47.00 0.95 0.14 0.
• 13.00 1.08 0.72 0.109 48.00 0.95 0.14 0.
• 14.00 1.06 0.72 0.111 49.00 0.95 0.14 0.
• 14.50 1.03 0.72 0.111 50.00 0.95 0.13 0.
• 15.00 1.01 0.71 0.111 51.00 0.95 0.13 0.
• 15.50 0.98 0.69 0.109 52.00 0.95 0.13 0.
• 16.00 0.95 0.67 0.106 53.00 0.96 0.12 0.
• 17.00 0.91 0.62 0.097 54.00 0.96 0.12 0.
• 18.00 0.89 0.56 0.084 55.00 0.96 0.12 0.
• 19.00 0.88 0.51 0.071 56.00 0.96 0.11 0.
• 20.00 0.88 0.45 0.059 57.00 0.96 0.11 0.
• 21.00 0.90 0.41 0.048 58.00 0.96 0.11 0.
• 22.00 0.92 0.38 0.040 59.00 0.97 0.11 0.
• 23.00 0.94 0.37 0.035 60.00 0.97 0.11 0.
• 24.00 0.96 0.37 0.035 61.00 0.97 0.11 0.
• 25.00 0.96 0.40 0.040 62.00 0.97 0.11 0.
• 26.00 0.92 0.40 0.044 63.00 0.96 0.10 0.
• 27.00 0.88 0.38 0.043 64.00 0.96 0.10 0.
• 28.00 0.86 0.35 0.039 65.00 0.97 0.10 0.
• 29.00 0.85 0.30 0.032 66.00 0.97 0.10 0.
• 30.00 0.86 0.26 0.025 67.00 0.97 0.09 0.
• 31.00 0.88 0.24 0.020 68.00 0.97 0.09 0.
• 32.00 0.89 0.22 0.017 69.00 0.97 0.09 0.
• 33.00 0.90 0.21 0.015 70.00 0.97 0.09 0.
• 34.00 0.91 0.20 0.014 75.00 0.98 0.09 0.
• 35.00 0.92 0.20 0.013 80.00 0.98 0.09 0.
• 36.00 0.92 0.19 0.012 85.00 0.97 0.09 0.
• 37.00 0.92 0.19 0.011 90.00 0.96 0.08 0. - Germanium
  • 0.01240 (4.0065) 3.00E-03 0.361 0.01736 (4.0060) 1.50E-03 0. eV n k R( φ = 0)
  • 0.01364 4.0063 2.40E-03 0.361 0.01860 1.50E-
  • 0.01488 (4.0060) 1.70E-03 0.361 0.01984 1.60E-
  • 0.01612 (4.0060) 1.55E-03 0.361 0.02108 1.60E-
  • Section 4: Metals
• 0.02232 1.55E-03 0.08266 4.0013 9.78E-05 0. eV n k R( φ = 0)
• 0.02356 1.53E-03 0.08551 4.0015 5.77E-05 0.
• 0.02480 1.50E-03 0.08920 3.98E-
• 0.02604 1.25E-03 0.09460 4.59E-
• 0.02728 8.50E-04 0.09840 3.51E-
• 0.02852 6.50E-04 0.1 4.0063 3.70E-05 0.
• 0.02976 7.00E-04 0.2 4.0108 0.
• 0.03100 3.9827 8.50E-04 0.358 0.3 4.0246 0.
• 0.03224 1.55E-03 0.4 4.0429 0.
• 0.03348 2.75E-03 0.5 (4.074) 0.
• 0.03472 3.55E-03 0.6 (4.104) 6.58E-07 0.
• 0.03596 (3.9900) 3.05E-03 0.359 0.7 4.180 1.27E-04 0.
• 0.03720 2.75E-03 0.8 4.275 5.67E-03 0.
• 0.03844 2.70E-03 0.9 4.285 7.45E-02 0.
• 0.03968 (3.9930) 2.90E-03 0.359 1.0 4.325 8.09E-02 0.
• 0.04092 2.95E-03 1.1 4.385 0.103 0.
• 0.04215 3.20E-03 1.2 4.420 0.123 0.
• 0.04339 6.30E-03 1.3 4.495 0.167 0.
• 0.04463 3.40E-03 1.4 4.560 0.190 0.
• 0.04587 (3.9955) 2.50E-03 0.360 1.5 4.635 0.298 0.
• 0.04711 2.10E-03 1.6 4.763 0.345 0.
• 0.04835 2.00E-03 1.7 4.897 0.401 0.
• 0.04959 8.00E-04 1.8 5.067 0.500 0.
• 0.05083 1.40E-03 1.9 5.380 0.540 0.
• 0.05207 1.35E-03 2.0 5.588 0.933 0.
• 0.05331 1.10E-03 2.1 5.748 1.634 0.
• 0.05455 8.00E-04 2.2 5.283 2.049 0.
• 0.05579 6.00E-04 2.3 5.062 2.318 0.
• 0.05703 9.0 E-04 2.4 4.610 2.455 0.
• 0.05827 6.5 E-04 2.5 4.340 2.384 0.
• 0.05951 4.6 E-04 2.6 4.180 2.309 0.
• 0.06075 4.0 E-04 2.7 4.082 2.240 0.
• 0.06199 3.9992 3.98E-04 0.360 2.8 4.035 2.181 0.
• 0.06323 4.0 E-04 2.9 4.037 2.140 0.
• 0.06447 4.3 E-04 3.0 4.082 2.145 0.
• 0.06571 4.4 E-04 3.1 4.141 2.215 0.
• 0.06695 (4.0000) 4.3 E-04 0.360 3.2 4.157 2.340 0.
• 0.06819 3.1 E-04 3.3 4.128 2.469 0.
• 0.06943 3.3 E-04 3.4 4.070 2.579 0.
• 0.07067 3.8 E-04 3.5 4.020 2.667 0.
• 0.07191 3.3 E-04 3.6 3.985 2.759 0.
• 0.07315 2.5 E-04 3.7 3.958 2.863 0.
• 0.07439 1.9 E-04 3.8 3.936 2.986 0.
• 0.07514 1.58E-04 3.9 3.920 3.137 0.
• 0.07749 4.0009 9.55E-05 0.360 4.0 3.905 3.336 0.
• 0.07999 4.0011 1.71E-04 0.360 4.1 3.869 3.614 0.
• 4.2 3.745 4.009 0.612 6.5 1.10 2.05 0. eV n k R( φ = 0)
• 4.3 3.338 4.507 0.659 7.0 1.00 1.80 0.
• 4.4 2.516 4.669 0.705 7.5 1.
• 4.5 1.953 4.297 0.713 8.0 0.92 1.40 0.
• 4.6 1.720 3.960 0.702 8.5 0.92 1.20 0.
• 4.7 1.586 3.709 0.690 9.0 0.92 1.14 0.
• 4.8 1.498 3.509 0.677 9.5 1.
• 4.9 1.435 3.342 0.664 10.0 0.93 0.86 0.
• 5.0 1.394 3.197 0.650 20.0 0.
• 5.1 1.370 3.073 0.636 22.0 0.
• 5.2 1.364 2.973 0.622 24.0 0.
• 5.3 1.371 2.897 0.609 26.0 0.
• 5.4 1.383 2.854 0.600 28.0 0.
• 5.5 1.380 2.842 0.598 30.0 0.
• 5.6 1.360 2.846 0.602 32.0 0.
• 5.7 1.293 2.163 0.479 34.0 0.
• 5.8 1.209 2.873 0.632 36.0 0.
• 5.9 1.108 2.813 0.641 38.0 0.
• 6.0 1.30 2.34 0.517 40.0 0.
  • Gold
• 0.10 8.17 82.83 0.995 2.90 1.50 1.79 0. eV n k R( φ = 0)
• 0.20 2.13 41.73 0.995 3.00 1.54 1.80 0.
• 0.30 0.99 27.82 0.995 3.10 1.54 1.81 0.
• 0.40 0.59 20.83 0.995 3.20 1.54 1.80 0.
• 0.50 0.39 16.61 0.994 3.30 1.55 1.78 0.
• 0.60 0.28 13.78 0.994 3.40 1.56 1.76 0.
• 0.70 0.22 11.75 0.994 3.50 1.58 1.73 0.
• 0.80 0.18 10.21 0.993 3.60 1.62 1.73 0.
• 0.90 0.15 9.01 0.993 3.70 1.64 1.75 0.
• 1.00 0.13 8.03 0.992 3.80 1.63 1.79 0.
• 1.20 0.10 6.54 0.991 3.90 1.59 1.81 0.
• 1.40 0.08 5.44 0.989 4.00 1.55 1.81 0.
• 1.60 0.08 4.56 0.986 4.10 1.51 1.79 0.
• 1.80 0.09 3.82 0.979 4.20 1.48 1.78 0.
• 2.00 0.13 3.16 0.953 4.30 1.45 1.77 0.
• 2.10 0.18 2.84 0.925 4.40 1.41 1.76 0.
• 2.20 0.24 2.54 0.880 4.50 1.35 1.74 0.
• 2.40 0.50 1.86 0.647 4.60 1.30 1.69 0.
• 2.50 0.82 1.59 0.438 4.70 1.27 1.64 0.
• 2.60 1.24 1.54 0.331 4.80 1.25 1.59 0.
• 2.70 1.43 1.72 0.356 4.90 1.23 1.54 0.
• 2.80 1.46 1.77 0.368 5.00 1.22 1.49 0.
  • Section 4: Metals
• 5.20 1.21 1.40 0.295 10.00 1.37 0.80 0. eV n k R( φ = 0)
• 5.40 1.21 1.33 0.275 10.20 1.36 0.80 0.
• 5.60 1.21 1.27 0.256 10.40 1.35 0.80 0.
• 5.80 1.21 1.20 0.236 10.60 1.34 0.79 0.
• 6.00 1.22 1.14 0.218 10.80 1.34 0.77 0.
• 6.20 1.24 1.09 0.203 11.00 1.34 0.76 0.
• 6.40 1.25 1.05 0.190 11.20 1.34 0.74 0.
• 6.60 1.27 1.01 0.177 11.40 1.35 0.73 0.
• 6.80 1.30 0.97 0.167 11.60 1.36 0.72 0.
• 7.00 1.34 0.95 0.162 11.80 1.38 0.71 0.
• 7.20 1.36 0.95 0.161 12.00 1.39 0.71 0.
• 7.40 1.38 0.96 0.164 12.40 1.44 0.73 0.
• 7.60 1.38 0.98 0.169 12.80 1.45 0.79 0.
• 7.80 1.35 0.99 0.171 13.20 1.42 0.84 0.
• 8.00 1.31 0.96 0.165 13.60 1.37 0.86 0.
• 8.20 1.30 0.92 0.155 14.00 1.33 0.86 0.
• 8.40 1.30 0.89 0.147 14.40 1.29 0.86 0.
• 8.60 1.31 0.88 0.144 14.80 1.26 0.84 0.
• 8.80 1.31 0.86 0.140 15.20 1.24 0.83 0.
• 9.00 1.30 0.83 0.133 15.60 1.22 0.81 0.
• 9.20 1.31 0.81 0.126 16.00 1.21 0.79 0.
• 9.40 1.33 0.78 0.122 16.40 1.20 0.78 0.
• 9.60 1.36 0.78 0.121 16.80 1.19 0.76 0.
• 9.80 1.37 0.79 0.124 17.20 1.19 0.75 0.
• 5.60 1.21 1.27 0.256 17.60 1.19 0.74 0.
• 5.80 1.21 1.20 0.236 18.00 1.19 0.74 0.
• 6.00 1.22 1.14 0.218 18.40 1.19 0.73 0.
• 6.20 1.24 1.09 0.203 18.80 1.20 0.74 0.
• 6.40 1.25 1.05 0.190 19.20 1.21 0.76 0.
• 6.60 1.27 1.01 0.177 19.60 1.21 0.80 0.
• 6.80 1.30 0.97 0.167 20.00 1.18 0.83 0.
• 7.00 1.34 0.95 0.162 20.40 1.14 0.85 0.
• 7.20 1.36 0.95 0.161 20.80 1.10 0.87 0.
• 7.40 1.38 0.96 0.164 21.20 1.05 0.88 0.
• 7.60 1.38 0.98 0.169 21.60 1.00 0.88 0.
• 7.80 1.35 0.99 0.171 22.00 0.94 0.86 0.
• 8.00 1.31 0.96 0.165 22.40 0.89 0.83 0.
• 8.20 1.30 0.92 0.155 22.80 0.85 0.79 0.
• 8.40 1.30 0.89 0.147 23.20 0.82 0.75 0.
• 8.60 1.31 0.88 0.144 23.60 0.80 0.70 0.
• 8.80 1.31 0.86 0.140 24.00 0.80 0.66 0.
• 9.00 1.30 0.83 0.133 24.40 0.80 0.62 0.
• 9.20 1.31 0.81 0.126 24.80 0.80 0.58 0.
• 9.40 1.33 0.78 0.122 25.20 0.82 0.56 0.
• 9.60 1.36 0.78 0.121 25.60 0.83 0.54 0.
• 9.80 1.37 0.79 0.124 26.00 0.84 0.52 0.
• 26.40 0.85 0.51 0.074 28.40 0.88 0.48 0. eV n k R( φ = 0)
• 26.80 0.85 0.50 0.071 28.80 0.88 0.48 0.
• 27.20 0.86 0.49 0.068 29.20 0.88 0.48 0.
• 27.60 0.86 0.49 0.065 29.60 0.87 0.48 0.
• 28.00 0.87 0.48 0.063 30.00 0.86 0.48 0. - Iridium
  • 0.10 28.49 60.62 0.975 3.40 1.53 3.05 0. eV n k R( φ = 0)
  • 0.15 15.32 45.15 0.973 3.60 1.52 2.81 0.
  • 0.20 9.69 35.34 0.972 3.80 1.61 2.69 0.
  • 0.25 6.86 28.84 0.969 4.00 1.64 2.68 0.
  • 0.30 5.16 24.25 0.967 4.20 1.58 2.71 0.
  • 0.35 4.11 20.79 0.964 4.40 1.45 2.68 0.
  • 0.40 3.42 18.06 0.960 4.60 1.31 2.60 0.
  • 0.45 3.05 15.82 0.954 4.80 1.18 2.49 0.
  • 0.50 2.98 14.06 0.944 5.00 1.10 2.35 0.
  • 0.60 2.79 11.58 0.925 5.20 1.04 2.22 0.
  • 0.70 2.93 9.78 0.895 5.40 1.00 2.09 0.
  • 0.80 3.14 8.61 0.862 5.60 0.98 1.98 0.
  • 0.90 3.19 7.88 0.840 5.80 0.96 1.86 0.
  • 1.00 3.15 7.31 0.822 6.00 0.95 1.78 0.
  • 1.10 3.04 6.84 0.808 6.20 0.94 1.68 0.
  • 1.20 2.96 6.41 0.791 6.40 0.94 1.59 0.
  • 1.30 2.85 6.07 0.779 6.60 0.94 1.50 0.
  • 1.40 2.72 5.74 0.767 6.80 0.95 1.42 0.
  • 1.50 2.65 5.39 0.750 7.00 0.97 1.34 0.
  • 1.60 2.68 5.08 0.728 7.20 0.99 1.27 0.
  • 1.70 2.69 4.92 0.716 7.40 1.02 1.20 0.
  • 1.80 2.64 4.81 0.710 7.60 1.03 1.14 0.
  • 1.90 2.57 4.68 0.704 7.80 1.08 1.06 0.
  • 2.00 2.50 4.57 0.699 8.00 1.13 1.03 0.
  • 2.10 2.40 4.48 0.697 8.20 1.18 1.00 0.
  • 2.20 2.29 4.38 0.695 8.40 1.22 0.98 0.
  • 2.30 2.18 4.26 0.692 8.60 1.26 0.96 0.
  • 2.40 2.07 4.14 0.689 8.80 1.29 0.95 0.
  • 2.50 1.98 4.00 0.682 9.00 1.33 0.94 0.
  • 2.60 1.91 3.86 0.673 9.20 1.36 0.95 0.
  • 2.70 1.85 3.73 0.665 9.40 1.39 0.95 0.
  • 2.80 1.81 3.61 0.655 9.60 1.42 0.97 0.
  • 2.90 1.77 3.51 0.646 9.80 1.44 0.99 0.
  • 3.00 1.73 3.43 0.640 10.00 1.45 1.01 0.
  • 3.20 1.62 3.26 0.629 10.20 1.45 1.04 0. - Section 4: Metals
• 10.40 1.44 1.07 0.187 19.60 1.15 1.05 0. eV n k R( φ = 0)
• 10.60 1.43 1.09 0.193 20.00 1.10 1.06 0.
• 10.80 1.41 1.12 0.200 20.50 1.04 1.05 0.
• 11.00 1.38 1.13 0.206 21.00 0.99 1.04 0.
• 11.20 1.34 1.14 0.208 21.50 0.94 1.02 0.
• 11.40 1.31 1.13 0.208 22.00 0.89 1.00 0.
• 11.60 1.28 1.12 0.206 22.50 0.84 0.99 0.
• 11.80 1.25 1.10 0.203 23.00 0.79 0.96 0.
• 12.00 1.24 1.08 0.199 23.50 0.76 0.92 0.
• 12.40 1.21 1.05 0.191 24.00 0.73 0.87 0.
• 12.80 1.19 1.01 0.181 24.50 0.70 0.83 0.
• 13.20 1.18 0.98 0.173 25.00 0.69 0.79 0.
• 13.60 1.17 0.95 0.165 25.50 0.68 0.76 0.
• 14.00 1.16 0.91 0.155 26.00 0.67 0.72 0.
• 14.40 1.17 0.88 0.147 26.50 0.67 0.69 0.
• 14.80 1.18 0.87 0.142 27.00 0.66 0.66 0.
• 15.20 1.19 0.84 0.136 27.50 0.66 0.63 0.
• 15.60 1.20 0.83 0.133 28.00 0.66 0.61 0.
• 16.00 1.21 0.83 0.131 28.50 0.66 0.59 0.
• 16.40 1.23 0.82 0.129 29.00 0.65 0.57 0.
• 16.80 1.25 0.82 0.127 29.50 0.64 0.55 0.
• 17.20 1.28 0.83 0.131 30.00 0.64 0.53 0.
• 17.60 1.30 0.87 0.140 32.00 0.62 0.44 0.
• 18.00 1.30 0.93 0.154 34.00 0.64 0.35 0.
• 18.40 1.27 0.97 0.166 36.00 0.69 0.27 0.
• 18.80 1.24 1.00 0.176 38.00 0.73 0.24 0.
• 19.20 1.20 1.03 0.187 40.00 0.76 0.22 0. - Iron
  • 0.10 6.41 33.07 0.978 1.20 3.24 4.26 0. eV n k R( φ = 0)
  • 0.15 6.26 22.82 0.956 1.30 3.16 4.07 0.
  • 0.20 3.68 18.23 0.958 1.40 3.12 3.87 0.
  • 0.26 4.98 13.68 0.911 1.50 3.05 3.77 0.
  • 0.30 4.87 12.05 0.892 1.60 3.00 3.60 0.
  • 0.36 4.68 10.44 0.867 1.70 2.98 3.52 0.
  • 0.40 4.42 9.75 0.858 1.80 2.92 3.46 0.
  • 0.50 4.14 8.02 0.817 1.90 2.89 3.37 0.
  • 0.60 3.93 6.95 0.783 2.00 2.85 3.36 0.
  • 0.70 3.78 6.17 0.752 2.10 2.80 3.34 0.
  • 0.80 3.65 5.60 0.725 2.20 2.74 3.33 0.
  • 0.90 3.52 5.16 0.700 2.30 2.65 3.34 0.
  • 1.00 3.43 4.79 0.678 2.40 2.56 3.31 0.
  • 1.10 3.33 4.52 0.660 2.50 2.46 3.31 0.
• 2.60 2.34 3.30 0.576 9.50 0.90 1.02 0. eV n k R( φ = 0)
• 2.70 2.23 3.25 0.575 9.67 0.90 1.00 0.
• 2.80 2.12 3.23 0.580 9.83 0.89 0.99 0.
• 2.90 2.01 3.17 0.580 10.00 0.88 0.97 0.
• 3.00 1.88 3.12 0.583 10.17 0.87 0.94 0.
• 3.10 1.78 3.04 0.580 10.33 0.87 0.91 0.
• 3.20 1.70 2.96 0.576 10.50 0.87 0.89 0.
• 3.30 1.62 2.87 0.572 10.67 0.88 0.87 0.
• 3.40 1.55 2.79 0.565 10.83 0.89 0.85 0.
• 3.50 1.50 2.70 0.556 11.00 0.91 0.83 0.
• 3.60 1.47 2.63 0.548 11.17 0.92 0.83 0.
• 3.70 1.43 2.56 0.542 11.33 0.93 0.84 0.
• 3.83 1.38 2.49 0.534 11.50 0.93 0.84 0.
• 4.00 1.30 2.39 0.527 11.67 0.93 0.84 0.
• 4.17 1.26 2.27 0.510 11.83 0.92 0.84 0.
• 4.33 1.23 2.18 0.494 12.00 0.91 0.84 0.
• 4.50 1.20 2.10 0.482 12.17 0.90 0.84 0.
• 4.67 1.16 2.02 0.470 12.33 0.89 0.83 0.
• 4.83 1.14 1.93 0.451 12.50 0.98 0.83 0.
• 5.00 1.14 1.87 0.435 12.67 0.87 0.82 0.
• 5.17 1.12 1.81 0.425 12.83 0.86 0.81 0.
• 5.33 1.11 1.75 0.408 13.00 0.85 0.80 0.
• 5.50 1.09 1.17 0.401 13.17 0.84 0.79 0.
• 5.67 1.09 1.65 0.383 13.33 0.84 0.78 0.
• 5.83 1.10 1.61 0.373 13.50 0.83 0.77 0.
• 6.00 1.09 1.59 0.366 13.67 0.82 0.76 0.
• 6.17 1.08 1.57 0.365 13.83 0.81 0.75 0.
• 6.33 1.04 1.55 0.365 14.00 0.81 0.73 0.
• 6.50 1.02 1.51 0.358 14.17 0.80 0.72 0.
• 6.67 1.00 1.47 0.351 14.33 0.80 0.71 0.
• 6.83 0.97 1.43 0.346 14.50 0.79 0.79 0.
• 7.00 0.96 1.39 0.333 14.67 0.79 0.69 0.
• 7.17 0.94 1.35 0.327 14.83 0.78 0.67 0.
• 7.33 0.94 1.30 0.311 15.00 0.78 0.66 0.
• 7.50 0.94 1.26 0.298 15.17 0.78 0.65 0.
• 7.67 0.94 1.23 0.288 15.33 0.78 0.64 0.
• 7.83 0.94 1.21 0.279 15.50 0.77 0.63 0.
• 8.00 0.94 1.18 0.272 15.67 0.77 0.62 0.
• 8.17 0.94 1.16 0.265 15.83 0.77 0.61 0.
• 8.33 0.94 1.14 0.258 16.00 0.77 0.60 0.
• 8.50 0.94 1.12 0.251 16.17 0.78 0.58 0.
• 8.67 0.94 1.10 0.246 16.33 0.78 0.58 0.
• 8.83 0.92 1.08 0.240 16.50 0.78 0.57 0.
• 9.00 0.93 1.07 0.236 16.67 0.77 0.56 0.
• 9.17 0.92 1.06 0.233 16.83 0.78 0.55 0.
• 9.33 0.91 1.04 0.231 17.00 0.78 0.55 0.
  • Section 4: Metals
• 17.17 0.78 0.54 0.100 21.67 0.72 0.38 0. eV n k R( φ = 0)
• 17.33 0.78 0.54 0.098 21.83 0.72 0.37 0.
• 17.50 0.77 0.53 0.097 22.00 0.72 0.36 0.
• 17.67 0.77 0.52 0.095 22.17 0.71 0.35 0.
• 17.83 0.78 0.51 0.092 22.33 0.72 0.34 0.
• 18.00 0.78 0.51 0.091 22.50 0.72 0.34 0.
• 18.17 0.78 0.51 0.090 22.67 0.72 0.33 0.
• 18.33 0.78 0.50 0.089 22.83 0.72 0.32 0.
• 18.50 0.77 0.50 0.089 23.00 0.72 0.31 0.
• 18.67 0.77 0.50 0.088 23.17 0.72 0.30 0.
• 18.83 0.77 0.49 0.087 23.33 0.72 0.29 0.
• 19.00 0.77 0.49 0.087 23.50 0.73 0.28 0.
• 19.17 0.76 0.49 0.088 23.67 0.73 0.28 0.
• 19.33 0.76 0.48 0.087 23.83 0.74 0.27 0.
• 19.50 0.75 0.47 0.086 24.00 0.74 0.27 0.
• 19.67 0.75 0.47 0.085 24.17 0.74 0.26 0.
• 19.83 0.75 0.46 0.084 24.33 0.74 0.26 0.
• 20.00 0.74 0.45 0.083 24.50 0.74 0.25 0.
• 20.17 0.74 0.44 0.081 24.67 0.75 0.25 0.
• 20.33 0.74 0.44 0.081 24.83 0.75 0.24 0.
• 20.50 0.74 0.42 0.080 25.00 0.75 0.24 0.
• 20.67 0.73 0.43 0.079 26.00 0.76 0.21 0.
• 20.83 0.73 0.42 0.078 27.00 0.78 0.18 0.
• 21.00 0.73 0.41 0.077 28.00 0.79 0.16 0.
• 21.17 0.72 0.40 0.076 29.00 0.81 0.14 0.
• 21.33 0.72 0.39 0.074 30.00 0.82 0.13 0.
• 21.50 0.72 0.38 0.
• 2.145 0.48 3.71 0.880 5.636 0.15 1.50 0. eV n k R( φ = 0)
• 2.270 0.57 3.47 0.843 6.200 0.20 1.40 0.
• 2.522 0.53 2.92 0.805 6.889 0.25 1.30 0.
• 2.845 0.52 2.65 0.777 7.750 0.20 1.20 0.
• 3.064 0.52 2.05 0.681 8.857 0.15 0.95 0.
• 5.167 0.10 1.60 0.894 10.335 0.25 0.40 0.
  • Molybdenum 326 Handbook of Optical Materials
• 0.10 18.53 68.51 0.985 3.50 3.06 3.21 0. eV n k R( φ = 0)
• 0.15 8.78 47.54 0.985 3.60 3.05 3.23 0.
• 0.20 5.10 35.99 0.985 3.70 3.04 3.27 0.
• 0.25 3.36 28.75 0.984 3.80 3.04 3.31 0.
• 0.30 2.44 23.80 0.983 3.90 3.04 3.40 0.
• 0.34 2.00 20.84 0.982 4.00 3.01 3.51 0.
• 0.38 1.70 18.44 0.980 4.20 2.77 3.77 0.
• 0.42 1.57 16.50 0.978 4.40 2.39 3.88 0.
• 0.46 1.46 14.91 0.975 4.60 2.06 3.84 0.
• 0.50 1.37 13.55 0.971 4.80 1.75 3.76 0.
• 0.54 1.35 12.36 0.966 5.00 1.46 3.62 0.
• 0.58 1.34 11.34 0.960 5.20 1.22 3.42 0.
• 0.62 1.38 10.44 0.952 5.40 1.07 3.20 0.
• 0.66 1.43 9.67 0.942 5.60 0.96 2.99 0.
• 0.70 1.48 8.99 0.932 5.80 0.89 2.80 0.
• 0.74 1.51 8.38 0.921 6.00 0.85 2.64 0.
• 0.78 1.60 7.83 0.906 6.20 0.81 2.50 0.
• 0.82 1.64 7.35 0.892 6.40 0.79 2.36 0.
• 0.86 1.70 6.89 0.876 6.60 0.78 2.24 0.
• 9.90 1.74 6.48 0.859 6.80 0.78 2.13 0.
• 1.00 1.94 5.58 0.805 7.00 0.80 2.04 0.
• 1.10 2.15 4.85 0.743 7.20 0.81 1.98 0.
• 1.20 2.44 4.22 0.671 7.40 0.81 1.95 0.
• 1.30 2.77 3.74 0.608 7.60 0.75 1.90 0.
• 1.40 3.15 3.40 0.562 7.80 0.71 1.81 0.
• 1.50 3.53 3.30 0.550 8.00 0.69 1.73 0.
• 1.60 3.77 3.41 0.562 8.20 0.67 1.65 0.
• 1.70 3.84 3.51 0.570 8.40 0.66 1.57 0.
• 1.80 3.81 3.58 0.576 8.60 0.65 1.49 0.
• 1.90 3.74 3.58 0.576 8.80 0.65 1.41 0.
• 2.00 3.68 3.52 0.571 9.00 0.65 1.33 0.
• 2.10 3.68 3.45 0.565 9.20 0.67 1.25 0.
• 2.20 3.76 3.41 0.562 9.40 0.69 1.19 0.
• 2.30 3.79 3.61 0.578 9.60 0.71 1.12 0.
• 2.40 3.59 3.78 0.594 9.80 0.74 1.05 0.
• 2.50 3.36 3.73 0.591 10.00 0.77 0.99 0.
• 2.60 3.22 3.61 0.582 10.20 0.81 0.93 0.
• 2.70 3.13 3.51 0.573 10.40 0.86 0.88 0.
• 2.80 3.08 3.42 0.565 10.60 0.91 0.83 0.
• 2.90 3.05 3.33 0.566 10.80 0.98 0.79 0.
• 3.00 3.04 3.27 0.550 11.00 1.05 0.77 0.
• 3.10 3.03 3.21 0.544 11.20 1.12 0.78 0.
• 3.20 3.05 3.18 0.540 11.40 1.18 0.80 0.
• 3.30 3.06 3.18 0.540 11.60 1.23 0.85 0.
• 3.40 3.06 3.19 0.541 11.80 1.25 0.89 0. - Section 4: Metals
• 12.00 1.26 0.92 0.154 23.60 0.58 0.53 0. eV n k R( φ = 0)
• 12.40 1.25 0.98 0.168 24.00 0.58 0.49 0.
• 12.80 1.23 1.00 0.178 24.60 0.60 0.43 0.
• 13.20 1.20 1.02 0.185 25.00 0.62 0.39 0.
• 13.60 1.17 1.02 0.187 25.60 0.66 0.35 0.
• 14.00 1.15 1.01 0.185 26.00 0.68 0.33 0.
• 14.40 1.13 1.00 0.182 26.50 0.71 0.31 0.
• 14.80 1.13 0.99 0.179 27.00 0.73 0.29 0.
• 15.00 1.14 0.99 0.179 27.50 0.76 0.28 0.
• 15.60 1.15 1.01 0.184 28.00 0.79 0.27 0.
• 16.00 1.14 1.04 0.194 28.50 0.81 0.26 0.
• 16.60 1.10 1.10 0.216 29.00 0.83 0.26 0.
• 17.00 1.04 1.12 0.233 29.50 0.86 0.26 0.
• 17.60 0.94 1.14 0.257 30.00 0.88 0.26 0.
• 18.00 0.87 1.12 0.270 31.00 0.92 0.29 0.
• 18.60 0.77 1.08 0.283 32.00 0.92 0.32 0.
• 19.00 0.71 1.02 0.284 33.00 0.90 0.33 0.
• 19.60 0.66 0.94 0.275 34.00 0.91 0.34 0.
• 20.00 0.64 0.89 0.264 35.00 0.87 0.37 0.
• 20.60 0.62 0.81 0.245 36.00 0.82 0.34 0.
• 21.00 0.61 0.77 0.234 37.00 0.81 0.30 0.
• 21.60 0.61 0.71 0.215 38.00 0.81 0.27 0.
• 22.00 0.60 0.69 0.207 39.00 0.82 0.25 0.
• 22.60 0.59 0.63 0.195 40.00 0.83 0.23 0.
• 23.00 0.58 0.60 0. - Nickel
  • 0.10 9.54 45.82 0.983 1.20 2.85 5.10 0. eV n k R( φ = 0)
  • 0.15 5.45 30.56 0.978 1.30 2.74 4.85 0.
  • 0.20 4.12 22.48 0.969 1.40 2.65 4.63 0.
  • 0.25 4.25 17.68 0.950 1.50 2.53 4.47 0.
  • 0.30 4.19 15.05 0.934 1.60 2.43 4.31 0.
  • 0.35 4.03 13.05 0.918 1.70 2.28 4.18 0.
  • 0.40 3.84 11.43 0.900 1.80 2.14 4.01 0.
  • 0.50 4.03 9.64 0.864 1.90 2.02 3.82 0.
  • 0.60 3.84 8.35 0.835 2.00 1.92 3.65 0.
  • 0.70 3.59 7.48 0.813 2.10 1.85 3.48 0.
  • 0.80 3.38 6.82 0.794 2.20 1.80 3.33 0.
  • 0.90 3.18 6.23 0.774 2.30 1.75 3.19 0.
  • 1.00 3.06 5.74 0.753 2.40 1.71 3.06 0.
  • 1.10 2.97 5.38 0.734 2.50 1.67 2.93 0.
  • 2.60 1.65 2.81 0.557 10.40 0.95 0.80 0. eV n k R( φ = 0)
  • 2.70 1.64 2.71 0.542 10.60 0.97 0.76 0.
  • 2.80 1.63 2.61 0.525 10.80 0.99 0.75 0.
  • 2.90 1.62 2.52 0.509 11.00 1.01 0.73 0.
  • 3.00 1.61 2.44 0.495 11.25 1.04 0.72 0.
  • 3.10 1.61 2.36 0.480 11.50 1.05 0.71 0.
  • 3.20 1.61 2.30 0.467 11.75 1.07 0.71 0.
  • 3.30 1.61 2.23 0.454 12.00 1.07 0.71 0.
  • 3.40 1.62 2.17 0.441 12.25 1.07 0.71 0.
  • 3.50 1.63 2.11 0.428 12.50 1.08 0.71 0.
  • 3.60 1.64 2.07 0.416 12.75 1.08 0.71 0.
  • 3.70 1.66 2.02 0.405 13.00 1.08 0.71 0.
  • 3.80 1.69 1.99 0.397 13.25 1.08 0.71 0.
  • 3.90 1.72 1.98 0.393 13.50 1.07 0.70 0.
  • 4.00 1.73 1.98 0.392 13.75 1.07 0.70 0.
  • 4.20 1.74 2.01 0.396 14.00 1.07 0.71 0.
  • 4.40 1.71 2.06 0.409 14.25 1.06 0.70 0.
  • 4.60 1.63 2.09 0.421 14.50 1.05 0.70 0.
  • 4.80 1.53 2.11 0.435 14.75 1.04 0.70 0.
  • 5.00 1.40 2.10 0.449 15.00 1.03 0.70 0.
  • 5.20 1.27 2.04 0.454 15.25 1.02 0.69 0.
  • 5.40 1.16 1.94 0.449 15.50 1.01 0.69 0.
  • 5.60 1.09 1.83 0.435 15.75 1.00 0.68 0.
  • 5.80 1.04 1.73 0.417 16.00 0.99 0.67 0.
  • 6.20 1.00 1.54 0.371 16.50 0.98 0.66 0.
  • 6.40 1.01 1.46 0.345 17.00 0.96 0.64 0.
  • 6.60 1.01 1.40 0.325 17.50 0.94 0.63 0.
  • 6.80 1.02 1.35 0.308 18.00 0.92 0.61 0.
  • 7.00 1.03 1.30 0.291 18.50 0.91 0.58 0.
  • 7.20 1.03 1.27 0.282 19.00 0.90 0.56 0.
  • 7.40 1.03 1.24 0.273 19.50 0.90 0.54 0.
  • 7.60 1.02 1.22 0.265 20.00 0.89 0.51 0.
  • 7.80 1.01 1.18 0.256 20.50 0.89 0.49 0.
  • 8.00 1.01 1.15 0.248 21.00 0.90 0.47 0.
  • 8.20 1.00 1.13 0.242 21.50 0.91 0.46 0.
  • 8.40 0.99 1.11 0.235 22.00 0.91 0.45 0.
  • 8.60 0.98 1.08 0.228 22.50 0.91 0.44 0.
  • 8.80 0.97 1.05 0.220 23.00 0.92 0.44 0.
  • 9.00 0.97 1.01 0.211 23.50 0.91 0.44 0.
  • 9.20 0.96 0.99 0.203 24.00 0.90 0.43 0.
  • 9.40 0.95 0.96 0.194 24.50 0.90 0.43 0.
  • 9.60 0.95 0.93 0.185 25.00 0.89 0.42 0.
  • 9.80 0.95 0.89 0.175 26.00 0.88 0.39 0.
• 10.00 0.95 0.87 0.166 27.00 0.87 0.37 0.
• 10.20 0.95 0.83 0.155 28.00 0.87 0.35 0. - Section 4: Metals
  • 29.00 0.86 0.34 0.037 65.00 0.98 0.09 0. eV n k R( φ = 0)
  • 30.00 0.86 0.32 0.034 68.00 0.96 0.12 0.
  • 35.00 0.86 0.24 0.022 70.00 0.94 0.11 0.
  • 40.00 0.87 0.18 0.014 75.00 0.94 0.09 0.
  • 45.00 0.88 0.13 0.008 80.00 0.94 0.07 0.
  • 50.00 0.92 0.10 0.004 90.00 0.94 0.06 0.
  • 60.00 0.96 0.08 0.
    • Niobium
• 0.12 15.99 53.20 0.979 3.00 2.51 2.68 0. eV n k R( φ = 0)
• 0.20 7.25 34.14 0.976 3.10 2.48 2.60 0.
• 0.24 5.47 28.88 0.975 3.20 2.45 2.53 0.
• 0.28 4.26 24.95 0.974 3.30 2.44 2.45 0.
• 0.35 3.11 20.03 0.970 3.40 2.46 2.38 0.
• 0.45 2.28 15.58 0.964 3.50 2.48 2.33 0.
• 0.55 1.83 12.67 0.956 3.60 2.52 2.29 0.
• 0.65 1.57 10.59 0.947 3.70 2.56 2.27 0.
• 0.75 1.41 9.00 0.935 3.80 2.59 2.28 0.
• 0.85 1.35 7.74 0.918 3.90 2.62 2.29 0.
• 0.95 1.35 6.70 0.893 4.00 2.64 2.33 0.
• 1.05 1.44 5.86 0.857 4.20 2.64 2.42 0.
• 1.15 1.55 5.18 0.814 4.40 2.53 2.56 0.
• 1.25 1.65 4.63 0.768 4.60 2.39 2.56 0.
• 1.35 1.76 4.13 0.715 4.80 2.32 2.52 0.
• 1.45 1.95 3.68 0.650 5.00 2.26 2.57 0.
• 1.55 2.15 3.37 0.595 5.20 2.16 2.62 0.
• 1.65 2.36 3.13 0.552 5.40 2.00 2.68 0.
• 1.75 2.54 2.99 0.527 5.60 1.81 2.67 0.
• 1.85 2.69 2.89 0.510 5.80 1.63 2.60 0.
• 1.95 2.82 2.86 0.505 6.00 1.49 2.49 0.
• 2.05 2.89 2.87 0.505 6.20 1.38 2.38 0.
• 2.15 2.92 2.87 0.505 6.40 1.31 2.25 0.
• 2.25 2.93 2.87 0.505 6.60 1.26 2.14 0.
• 2.35 2.92 2.88 0.506 6.80 1.24 2.04 0.
• 2.45 2.89 2.90 0.509 7.00 1.23 1.96 0.
• 2.55 2.83 2.92 0.512 7.20 1.22 1.91 0.
• 2.65 2.74 2.90 0.511 7.40 1.20 1.88 0.
• 2.75 2.66 2.86 0.507 7.60 1.14 1.85 0.
• 2.85 2.58 2.80 0.500 7.80 1.07 1.78 0.
  • 8.00 1.02 1.69 0.412 17.80 0.75 0.87 0. eV n k R( φ = 0)
  • 8.20 1.00 1.60 0.390 18.00 0.74 0.85 0.
  • 8.40 0.99 1.51 0.365 18.60 0.73 0.77 0.
  • 8.60 0.99 1.43 0.340 19.00 0.72 0.72 0.
  • 8.70 0.99 1.39 0.328 19.60 0.72 0.66 0.
  • 8.80 1.00 1.36 0.315 20.00 0.72 0.62 0.
  • 9.00 1.01 1.29 0.290 20.60 0.71 0.55 0.
  • 9.20 1.04 1.22 0.265 21.00 0.72 0.50 0.
  • 9.40 1.07 1.18 0.245 21.60 0.75 0.43 0.
  • 9.60 1.10 1.13 0.227 22.00 0.78 0.40 0.
  • 9.80 1.13 1.09 0.209 22.60 0.82 0.35 0.
• 10.00 1.18 1.05 0.194 23.00 0.85 0.33 0.
• 10.20 1.23 1.04 0.187 23.60 0.88 0.30 0.
• 10.40 1.27 1.04 0.185 24.00 0.91 0.29 0.
• 10.60 1.30 1.06 0.190 24.60 0.94 0.28 0.
• 10.80 1.32 1.08 0.195 25.00 0.96 0.27 0.
• 11.00 1.32 1.10 0.200 25.60 0.99 0.26 0.
• 11.20 1.31 1.12 0.204 26.00 1.00 0.26 0.
• 11.40 1.30 1.13 0.207 26.60 1.03 0.25 0.
• 11.60 1.28 1.13 0.209 27.00 1.04 0.25 0.
• 11.80 1.27 1.13 0.210 27.60 1.06 0.25 0.
• 12.00 1.25 1.12 0.209 28.00 1.08 0.24 0.
• 12.40 1.24 1.10 0.204 28.60 1.11 0.24 0.
• 12.80 1.24 1.09 0.200 29.00 1.13 0.25 0.
• 13.20 1.24 1.09 0.201 29.60 1.16 0.26 0.
• 13.60 1.23 1.12 0.208 30.00 1.18 0.28 0.
• 14.00 1.20 1.13 0.216 31.00 1.18 0.31 0.
• 14.40 1.16 1.15 0.225 32.00 1.20 0.34 0.
• 14.80 1.11 1.16 0.234 33.00 1.21 0.38 0.
• 15.00 1.08 1.16 0.238 34.00 1.20 0.42 0.
• 15.60 0.99 1.14 0.247 35.20 1.17 0.47 0.
• 16.00 0.92 1.11 0.250 36.00 1.15 0.50 0.
• 16.60 0.85 1.04 0.245 37.50 1.07 0.53 0.
• 17.00 0.80 0.99 0.240 39.50 0.95 0.50 0.
• 17.20 0.79 0.96 0.236 40.50 0.92 0.47 0.
• 17.40 0.77 0.93 0. - Section 4: Metals
  • Osmium (polycrystalline)
• 0.10 4.08 50.23 0.994 4.40 2.24 3.44 0. eV n k R( φ = 0)
• 0.15 2.90 33.60 0.990 4.60 2.01 3.31 0.
• 0.20 2.44 25.11 0.985 4.80 1.88 3.19 0.
• 0.25 2.35 19.99 0.977 5.00 1.74 3.12 0.
• 0.30 2.23 16.54 0.969 5.20 1.58 3.00 0.
• 0.35 2.33 14.06 0.955 5.40 1.46 2.88 0.
• 0.40 2.45 12.32 0.940 5.60 1.36 2.77 0.
• 0.45 2.43 11.02 0.927 5.80 1.27 2.65 0.
• 0.50 2.41 9.97 0.913 6.00 1.20 2.54 0.
• 0.55 2.33 9.12 0.901 6.20 1.13 2.44 0.
• 0.60 2.21 8.37 0.890 6.40 1.06 2.33 0.
• 0.65 2.11 7.68 0.877 6.60 1.01 2.21 0.
• 0.70 2.02 7.04 0.862 6.80 0.97 2.11 0.
• 0.75 2.00 6.46 0.842 7.00 0.95 2.00 0.
• 0.80 2.00 5.95 0.820 7.20 0.92 1.91 0.
• 0.85 2.01 5.51 0.796 7.40 0.91 1.81 0.
• 0.90 2.03 5.10 0.769 7.60 0.90 1.72 0.
• 0.95 2.05 4.74 0.742 7.80 0.90 1.63 0.
• 1.00 2.09 4.41 0.712 8.00 0.91 1.55 0.
• 1.10 2.15 3.84 0.651 8.20 0.91 1.48 0.
• 1.20 2.16 3.35 0.592 8.40 0.94 1.40 0.
• 1.30 2.25 2.77 0.506 8.60 0.96 1.34 0.
• 1.40 2.49 2.23 0.419 8.80 0.98 1.29 0.
• 1.50 2.84 1.80 0.369 9.00 1.01 1.24 0.
• 1.60 3.36 1.62 0.379 9.20 1.04 1.19 0.
• 1.70 3.70 1.75 0.411 9.40 1.08 1.16 0.
• 1.80 3.78 1.83 0.423 9.60 1.10 1.14 0.
• 1.90 3.81 1.75 0.418 9.80 1.13 1.11 0.
• 2.00 3.98 1.60 0.418 10.00 1.16 1.10 0.
• 2.10 4.26 1.54 0.432 10.20 1.19 1.08 0.
• 2.20 4.58 1.62 0.457 10.30 1.20 1.08 0.
• 2.30 4.84 1.76 0.479 10.40 1.22 1.08 0.
• 2.40 5.10 2.01 0.506 10.50 1.23 1.09 0.
• 2.50 5.28 2.38 0.532 10.60 1.24 1.10 0.
• 2.60 5.36 2.82 0.557 10.80 1.25 1.11 0.
• 2.70 5.30 3.29 0.580 11.00 1.24 1.13 0.
• 2.80 5.07 3.78 0.603 11.20 1.23 1.14 0.
• 2.90 4.65 4.18 0.624 11.40 1.19 1.15 0.
• 3.00 4.05 4.40 0.639 11.60 1.17 1.12 0.
• 3.20 3.29 3.96 0.614 11.80 1.16 1.10 0.
• 3.40 2.93 3.79 0.607 12.00 1.15 1.08 0.
• 3.60 2.75 3.45 0.577 12.40 1.14 1.03 0.
• 3.80 2.73 3.32 0.562 12.80 1.15 1.01 0.
• 4.00 2.71 3.34 0.565 13.20 1.16 0.98 0.
• 4.20 2.53 3.44 0.584 13.60 1.17 0.97 0.