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PHOTOSHOP CS4 TUTORIAL

Adobe Photoshop CS4 is a popular image editing software that provides a work environment con-

sistent with Adobe Illustrator, Adobe InDesign, Adobe ImageReady, and other products in the Adobe Creative Suite. This tutorial is an introduction to using Adobe Photoshop. Here you will learn how to

• Section 1: Getting Started Pg. get started, how to use the interface, and how to modify images with basic
• Section 2: Interface Layout Pg.
• Section 3: Palettes Pg.
• Section 4: Toolbox Pg.
• Section 5: Selection Tools Pg.
• Section 6: Alteration Tools Pg.
• Section 7: Drawing and Selection Tools Pg.
• Section 8: Assisting Tools Pg.
• Section 9: Color Boxes and Modes Pg.
• Section 10: Basic Image Editing Pg.
• Section 11: Cropping Pg.
• Section 12: Resizing Pg.
• Section 13: Correcting Pg.
• Section 14: Sharpening/Softening Pg.
• Section 15: Saving Pg.

Fig. 2. Document Setup dialog box

Here you will be able to name your file, set up the correct page size, and orientation for your docu- ment. Options include, but are not limited to:

Page Size and Orientation Change the page size by typing in new values for width and height. Page size represents the final size you want after bleeds or trimming other marks outside the page. In the Preset dropdown menu you can find such common sizes as letter, legal, tabloid, etc. Typing in exact values for Height and Width gives you more control over the size and orientation of your page. Resolution Resolution is a number of pixels on a printed area of an image. The higher the resolution, the more pixels there are on the page, the better is the quality of the image. However, high resolution increas- es the size of the file. The standard recommended resolution for printed images is 150-300, for Web images it is 72. Color Mode Choose a color mode that will best fit your project. For example, when making a graphic for a web site, choose RGB. When making an image for print, choose CMYK. Background Contents Choose the background: white, color, or transparent. When you have entered all of your document settings, click OK.

OPENING AN IMAGE FROM A DISK

If the image you have is saved on a disk, select File > Open , and then navigate to the disk drive where your image is saved. Choose the image file and click Open. At this point, you may want to save your image under a different name so that you can always have the original to fall back on in case of a mistake. To save you r file, select File > Save As and type in the new name of the file in the dialogue box. Now you should be ready to go.

This is the layout of Adobe Photoshop interface.

Menu Bar If you look at the top of the screen you will see the Menu bar which contains all the main functions of Photoshop, such as File, Edit, Image, Layer, Select, Filter, View, Window , and Help.

Tool Bar Most of the major tools are located in the Tool bar for easy access.

The Image The image will appear in its own window once you open a file.

Image Name The name of any image that you open will be at the top of the image window as shown above.

Palettes Palettes contain functions that help you monitor and modify images. By default, palettes are stacked together in groups. These are the palettes that are usually visible: Color, Adjustments, and Layers. If none of the palettes are visible, go to Window in the Menu bar and choose palettes you need to work with.

HISTORY

The History palette (Fig. 5) stores and displays each action performed allowing you jump to any recent stage of the image alteration. The alterations should be created during the current working session; after saving or closing the document the History palette clears all the contents. Each time you apply a change to an image, the new state of that image is added to the palette. The History palette can store up to 20 stages. However, you can always go back to the first stage, for example opening the document. It is important to know that once you click on any of the previous stages, all the changes that were made after it will be lost.

Fig. 5. History palette

ADJUSTMENTS

Adjustment layers give you the ability to apply an effect to a group of layers in Photoshop, and then you can edit that effect later, while preserving the original layers.

Fig. 6. Adjustments palette

LAYERS

Layers let you organize your work into distinct levels that can be edited and viewed as individual units. Every Photoshop CS4 document contains at least one layer. Creating multiple layers lets you easily control how your artwork is printed, displayed, and edited. You will use the Layers palette (Fig.

6. often while creating a document, so it is crucial to understand what it does and how to use it.

A) Layer Visibility -The eye shows that the selected layer is visible. Click on or off to see or to hide a layer.

B) Layer Locking Options -Click the checkered square icon to lock Transparency; click the brush icon to lock the Image; click the arrow icon to lock the Position; click the lock icon to lock all options.

C) Layer Blending Mode -Defines how the layer’s pixels blend with underlying pixels in the image. By choosing a particular blending mode from the dropdown menu you can create a variety of special effects.

D) Fill -By typing in a value or dragging the slider you can specify the transparency of the Fig. 6. Layers Palette color of the image or object.

E) Opacity -By typing in a value or dragging a slider you can specify the transparency of the entire layer.

F) Layer Lock -The icon shows when the layer is locked and disappears when it is unlocked. Double-click the icon to unlock the layer.

G) Layer Options Menu -Click the black triangle to see the following options: New Layer, Duplicate Layer, Delete Layer, Layer Properties, etc. Some of the options are presented as icons at the bottom of the Layers palette.

H) Link Layers – Can be used to link layers together.

I) Layer Styles -If a layer has a style, an “F” icon shows at the bottom of the Layers palette. Click the little black triangle to see style options.

J) Layer Mask -A grayscale image, with parts painted in black hidden, parts painted in white show- ing, and parts painted in gray shades showing in various levels of transparency.

K) Layer Set -This option helps to organize images with multiple layers. Click the icon to create a folder for several layers.

L) Create New Fill or Adjustment Layer -Have the same opacity and blending mode options as image layers and can be rearranged, deleted, hidden, and duplicated in the same manner as image layers. Click the icon and select an option to create a new fill or adjustment layer.

M) Create New Layer -Click this icon to create a new layer.

N) Delete Layer -To delete a layer, select a layer in the Layers palette and drag it to the trash can icon; or, select a layer and click the icon.

If you used other Adobe products, such as Illustrator or InDesign, you should be familiar with the toolbox in Adobe Photoshop CS4 as it shares some of the tools from these applications. If you are a novice user of Adobe products, you should keep in mind that you might not need to use all of the tools. In this tutorial, only the basic tools will be discussed in depth.

Some tools in the toolbar have additional “hidden” tools. These tools have small black triangles in the right-hand corner. To view the “hidden” tools, click and hold down on any tool that has a black triangle in the corner (Fig. 1).

Fig. 1. “Hidden” tools

Selects an object by drawing a rectangle or an ellipse around it.

Click the tool button, choose a rectangular or an elliptical marquee. Drag the marquee over the area of the image you wish to select.

Used to select and move objects on the page.

Click the tool button, then click on any object on the page you wish to move.

Selects an object by drawing a freehand border around it.

Click the tool button, drag to draw a freehand border around the are of the image you wish to select.

Selects an object by drawing a straight-edge border around it.

Click the tool button, click on the starting point on the image, drag to draw a straight-edge border, click and drag again to select the are of the image you wish to select. Double- click to finish.

Selects an object by drawing a border that snaps to the edges of the defined area of the object.

Click on the starting point on the image, drag around the are of the image. The tool will make fastening points at the edges. To finish selecting, drag the border to the starting point and click precisely in the point.

Selects all objects in a document with the same or similar fill color, stroke weight, stroke color, opacity, or blending mode. By specifying the color range, or tolerance, you can control what the Magic Wand tool selects.

Click the tool button, then click on the area of the image you wish to select. Selects and cuts parts of an image.

Click the tool button, then click and drag the tool over the part of the image that you want to keep. Resize the selected area dragging the squares at the sides and corners. Click the RETURN key when your crop box is sized correctly.

Used to cut images into slices, which can be exported to a web page.

Marquee

Move

Lasso

Polygonal Lasso

Magnetic Lasso

Magic Wand

Crop Tool

Slice Tool

Selects paths and path segments.

Select the tool, click anywhere on the path.

Types text on a page. Every time you click the Type Tool on a new portion of the page a new layer will be created.

Select the tool, click on the page and begin to type. You can specify the font and size in the Options bar. You can also resize and transform the text box by dragging the squares at the sides and corners. Use the Move Tool to move the text on the page.

Draws smooth-edged paths.

Select the tool, click on the page, drag to draw a path. Click and drag the anchor points to modify the path.

Draws a rectangle shape. Other shapes that are hidden in this tool are: Rounded Rect- angle Tool, Ellipse Tool, Polygon Tool, Line Tool, and Custom Shape Tool.

Select the tool, click and drag on the page to draw a shape. The shape will be automati- cally filled with the current foreground color.

Type Tool

Pen Tool

Rectangle Tool

Direct Selection Tool

Takes color samples from colors on the page and displays Tool them in the Color Boxes.

Select the tool, click on the color in the image you wish to sample. The Color Box will display this color.

Allows you to move around within the image.

Select the tool, click on the spot on the page, hold the mouse button down, drag to move in the area.

Magnifies or reduces the display of any area in your image Glass Tool window.

Select the tool, choose Zoom In or Zoom Out in the Options bar, click on the area of the image you wish to magnify or reduce.

Rotates the canvas

Select this tool and click and drag outside of the canvas and the canvas will turn. Hold Shift to make sure that the canvas will snap to certain degree points.

Eyedropper Tool

Hand Tool

Magnifying

Rotate View Tool

The foreground color appears in the upper color selection box and represents a color that is currently active. The background color appears in the lower box and represents an inactive color.

To change the foreground color, click the upper color selection box in the toolbox.

To change the background color, click the lower color selection box in the toolbox.

To reverse the foreground and background colors, click the Switch Colors icon (the arrow) in the toolbox.

To restore the default foreground and background colors, click the Default Colors icon (the little black and white boxes) in the toolbox.

NOTE : If you are using the Gradient Tool , the currently selected foreground and back- ground colors will be the default colors of the gradient.

Edit in Standard Mode and Edit in Quick Mask Mode are used for modifying images in the unmasked or masked area.

Color Boxes

Modes

Now that you know how to find your way around in the Adobe Photoshop CS4 interface and are familiar with the most common commands, pallets, and tools, you can start doing some basic image editing. In the next few chapters of this tutorial you will learn how to crop, resize, correct, and sharp/blur your images.

4. Resize the border by dragging the squares at the sides and corners till you are satisfied with the way your image looks.

NOTE : You can also rotate your cropping border. Move the cursor outside the border, you will see how it turns into a double-headed arrow (Fig. 2). Drag the arrows in the directions you wish to rotate your selection.

Fig. 2. Rotating the cropping border

5. Once you are completely satisfied with your cropped image, press ENTER.

CROPPING TO A SPECIFIC SIZE

If you wish to print your digital photos or other images on standard size photo paper, you will have to crop your images to a specific size, such as 8x10. To crop an image to a specific size, do the following:

1. Open the image you wish to crop.
2. Select the Crop Tool from the Toolbox.
3. In the Options bar, specify the values for Width and Height (Fig. 3).

Fig. 3. Crop Tool Options bar

4. Click in your image and drag the cropping border. Notice that the border is con strained -you cannot make it wider or longer than the specified values (Figure 4). For example, if you entered 8 for Width and 10 for Height , whatever size you make the border, the area within it will fit on an 8x10 photo.

Fig. 4. Cropping to a specific size

5. Once you are completely satisfied with your cropped image, press ENTER.

CROPPING WITH THE MARQUEE TOOL

If you are in a hurry and need just a simple crop, you can use the Marquee Tool and a menu command. To crop with the Marquee Tool , follow the steps below:

1. Open the image you wish to crop.
2. Select the Rectangular Marquee Tool from the Toolbox (see Selection Tools).
3. Click in your image and drag the mouse to draw a marquee around the area you wish to crop (Figure 5).

Resizing in Photoshop can help you print your images in standard photo sizes, resize and preserve the high quality of digital photos, and enlarge small images to a poster size.

RESIZING TO A SPECIFIC SIZE

To resize your image to a preset size, follow the steps below:

1. In the main menu, go to File > New.
2. In the New dialog box, click on the Preset dropdown menu. You will see several preset sizes, such as 2x3, 4x6 and 5x7 with the preset resolution of 300 ppi (Fig. 1).

Fig. 1. Preset size in the New dialog box

3. Choose the size that you wish and click OK.

NOTE : All the preset sizes are in portrait orientation. If you wish to resize an image with the land- scape orientation, you need to create your own preset. To create your own size, do the following:

1. Type in the values for Width and Height , for example 7x5.
2. Type in your desired resolution (150 ppi is enough for high quality printing, and 72 ppi is good for the web images).
3. Click the Save Preset button

RESIZING DIGITAL PHOTOS

Digital photos usually have large dimensions but low resolution, 72 ppi, which effects their quality when their size is decreased or increased. When printed, the photos with the changed size will look pixilated. To resize the digital photos without loosing the quality, follow these steps:

1. Open the digital photo you wish to resize.
2. In the main menu, go to View > Rulers. You will be able to see the dimension of your photo (Fig. 3).

Fig. 3. Dimensions of a digital photo

3. In the main menu, go to Image > Image Size.
4. In the Image Size dialog box, check the Resample Image box off (Fig. 4). Type in your desired resolution (anything between 150 and 300 ppi). The photo is now 6.667 x 5 inches.

Fig. 4. Changing resolution