Tempos verbais inglês, Esquemas de Inglês

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TENSES

INFOGRAPHICS

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PRESENT SIMPLE

ALWAYS TRUE

Two and two make four. PERMANENT SITUATIONS

PRESENT

I live in London.

HABITS

SHORT ACTIONS NOW

He takes the ball and scores a goal!

Use with: twice a month, on Fridays, often, sometimes.

FUTURE

FUTURE TIMETABLES

FUTURE IN TIME CLAUSES

Our train leaves at 11am.

Use with: this evening, at 10 I won't go out until it stops raining. o'clock, tomorrow. Use with: until, when, as soon as, after, before.

She plays tennis every Tuesday.

PRESENT

PERFECT SIMPLE

HOW LONG

PRESENT RESULT

UNFINISHED

I've known Karen since 1994. She's lived in London for three years.

FINISHED

Use with: ever, never.

Use with: since 2010, since July, for ten years, for three days.

UNFINISHED TIME WORD

I haven't seen her this month.

Use with: this week, today, this month, this year.

LIFE EXPERIENCE

I've been to Tokyo.

I've lost my keys (so I can't get into my house).

NEWS / RECENT EVENTS

The Queen has given a speech.

Use with: just / yet / already / recently.

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

HOW LONG

PRESENT RESULT

UNFINISHED

I've been living in London for two years. She's been working here since 2004.

FINISHED

Use with: since 2010, since July, for ten years, for three days.

TEMPORARY SITUATIONS

I've been going to the gym a lot recently.

Use with: recently.

I've been working (that's why I'm tired).

PAST

CONTINUOUS

OVERLAPPING ACTION

STORY BACKGROUND

I was walking to the station when I met John.

The birds were singing and the sun was shining. Amy sat down.

SOME PAST HABITS

Use with: always, forever, constantly, at that time, in those days.

EMPHASIS OF LENGTH OF ACTION

I was working in the garden all day.

Use with: all day, all evening, for hours.

She was constantly singing.

Use with: when + past simple, two o'clock, 7pm.

Use with: the past simple.

PAST

PERFECT

HOW LONG TO A POINT IN THE PAST

ACTION FINISHED BEFORE ANOTHER PAST ACTION

When he graduated, he had been in London for six years.

When we arrived, the film had started.

UNREAL THINGS IN THE PAST

I wish I hadn't gone to bed so late!

Use with: third conditionals, wish.

Use with: when + past simple, for + time.

Use with: when + past simple, June, last Tuesday.

FUTURE SIMPLE

FUTURE CONDITIONALS

PROMISES / REQUESTS /

REFUSALS / OFFERS

If it doesn't rain, we'll go to the park.

WILL

I'll help you with your homework.

FUTURE PREDICTION

The sun will rise at 7 am. I think the Conservatives will win the next election.

BE GOING

TO

PLANS AND INTENTIONS

A: We've run out of milk. B: I know. I'm going to buy some.

Use with: the first conditional.

homework.

FUTURE PREDICTION

The sky is getting darker and darker. It's going to rain.

FUTURE CONTINUOUS

OVERLAPPING ACTION

I'll be waiting when you arrive.

Use with: when + present simple, at 8pm.

FUTURE AS A MATTER OF COURSE

The government will be making a statement later.

Use with: later, tonight, next week on the 2nd of September.

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS

HOW LONG TO A POINT IN THE FUTURE

In April, she will have been teaching for twelve years. Use with: when + present simple, by the time + present simple, for + time.

ACTION FINISHED BEFORE A POINT IN THE FUTURE

When I see you, I'll have been studying, so I'll be tired.

Use with: when + present simple, by the time + present simple.