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ADJ 201 Test 1 Study Guide questions with complete solutions-7.docx
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Victim precipitation theory suggests that crime victims may trigger attacks by acting provocatively. - correct answer ✔✔True Donald was arrested for murdering an acquaintance. At the trial, Donald takes the stand and testifies that he and the victim knew each other. He admits that they would drink and use drugs together. One night while "partying," Donald explains in his testimony, an argument got out of hand during a card game. Donald explains that the victim accused him of cheating and pulled out a knife on him and started swinging it in the air. Donald said that he had no choice but to pull out his gun and shoot the victim. The jury convicted Donald of manslaughter. According to Marvin Wolfgang, the incident described above is best characterized as a ______. - correct answer ✔✔victim-precipitated homicide According to the research on chronic offenders, arrests and court experiences deter chronic offenders. - correct answer ✔✔False Beth was a victim of childhood physical and sexual abuse. She is now 40 years old and is a well-respected journalist who works for a nationally known magazine. She also travels around the country speaking to crime victims. According to the social ecology theory of victimization, at what time of the day were the abusive attacks on Beth more likely to take place? - correct answer ✔✔From 10 p.m. to 12 p.m. According to the structural perspective, crime rates are a function of _____ forces, such as neighborhood conditions, cultural factors, and norm conflict. - correct answer ✔✔ecological
According to the text, recent research in the subarea of criminology involving terrorism found that mental illness is the primary cause in explaining why young people become terrorists. - correct answer ✔✔False A crime becomes a deviant act when it is deemed by lawmakers as socially harmful or dangerous. - correct answer ✔✔False Because elderly often live on their own and may appear lonely, they are more susceptible to ______. - correct answer ✔✔fraud Children who are psychologically, sexually, or physically abused are more likely to suffer low self-esteem and be more suicidal as adults. - correct answer ✔✔True Christopher is a 17-year-old high school senior who is constantly getting into arguments with his mother. She believes he should have a 9 p.m. curfew and that he should not hang out with certain people in certain neighborhoods. She is fearful he will become a victim of crime. Christopher believes he is a strong man who should not have a curfew and that he can protect himself. Christopher's mother forbids him from allowing friends come over to his house because she does not trust them. She believes that, because they are teenagers, they will want to use drugs, drink, and possibly even steal from her home. Christopher's mother is classifying teenagers as ______. - correct answer ✔✔motivated offenders Explain how victim impulsivity is associated with victim precipitation. Why does this personality trait contribute to victimization risk? - correct answer ✔✔******** DISCUSSION Gender affects victimization risk. Which of the following is a significant gender difference? - correct answer ✔✔Women are more likely to be victimized by someone they know.
Christopher is a 17-year-old high school senior who is constantly getting into arguments with his mother. She believes he should have a 9 p.m. curfew and that he should not hang out with certain people in certain neighborhoods. She is fearful he will become a victim of crime. Christopher believes he is a strong man who should not have a curfew and that he can protect himself. One afternoon Christopher is speaking to his friend Johnny on the phone. His mother is secretly listening to their conversation and realizes that Johnny was robbed at the corner store a few blocks from his house. Johnny is trying to recruit Christopher to help him retaliate against his attacker. Johnny knows the attacker is a kid who lives a few blocks away from him. According to the deviant place theory, which term best describes Johnny's desire to retaliate against his attacker? - correct answer ✔✔***************************************** Racial threat theory contends that as the percentage of African Americans in the population increases, so does the amount of social control that the justice system aims at blacks. - correct answer ✔✔True Referring to the ecology of crime, which of the following settings has the highest violent crime rate? - correct answer ✔✔An urban area in the south Repeat offenders usually begin their careers at a very early age. - correct answer ✔✔True Schools are the locale of a great deal of victimization because they are populated by a dangerous segment of society, teenage males. - correct answer ✔✔True The academic discipline of criminology uses scientific methods to study the__________ of criminal behavior. - correct answer ✔✔nature, extent, cause, and control
The Bureau of Justice Statistics is the federal agency that collects data from local law enforcement agencies and publishes them yearly in its Uniform Crime Report (UCR). - correct answer ✔✔False Governor Smith is interested in overhauling the criminal justice system in his state. He realizes that this is a huge endeavor and will need the help of many experts in the field who make up the agencies of social control. He begins assembling his team to look at crime and the criminal justice system in his state. The lawyers on his team believe that acts prohibited by the criminal law constitute behaviors considered unacceptable and impermissible. They believe that government should achieve a number of social goals when outlawing certain behaviors. Which common goal is said to have been met by applying criminal punishments that are designed to prevent crimes before they occur? - correct answer ✔✔Deterring criminal behavior The majority of murderers use _____________ to commit their murder. - correct answer ✔✔firearms The most controversial element of the victims' rights movement is the ______.
What are the differences between felonies and misdemeanors? Provide examples of each of these types of crimes. - correct answer ✔✔*********Discussion What category of victim precipitation occurs when the victim exhibits some personal characteristic that unknowingly either threatens or encourages the attacker? - correct answer ✔✔Passive precipitation What discovery prompted the scientific study of victims? - correct answer ✔✔******************* When evaluating the three primary sources of crime data, the crime patterns and trends are ______. - correct answer ✔✔often quite similar Which of the following is not one of the subareas of criminology listed outlined in the text? - correct answer ✔✔Biosocial Behaviorism