Apa citation basics samples, Lecture notes of English

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APA Citation Basics

th

Edition

This guide will provide information about:

• Understanding the fundamentals of APA citations, including:

o Capitalization rules

o Author formatting

o Organizing a reference list

• APA citation examples of source types, including:

o Popular and scholarly sources

o Audiovisual media

• Tips and examples for citing online sources
• Creating parenthetical, in-text citations, including:

o Formatting parenthetical citations and block quotes

o Citing sources with multiple authors and corporate authors

APA Citation Fundamentals APA Citation Fundamentals

APA Citation Fundamentals

Contributor Information & Titles

One author Last, F. M. Two authors Last, F. M., & Last, F. M. Three to seven authors Last, F. M., Last, F. M., & Last, F. M. Seven or more authors Last, F. M., Last, F. M., Last, F. M., Last, F. M., Last, F. M., Last, F. M.,... Last, F. M.

Sometimes there are other contributors to a work, such as an editor. If there is an editor but no

author, place the editor’s name in the author’s position of the citation and add “(Ed.)” or “(Eds.)”

after the last editor’s name.

For works with an author and an editor – such as an article in an edited anthology – place the

editor’s name(s), uninverted, before the source’s title. Note: The name(s) should be preceded by

“In” and followed by the source title.

Do not include author credentials (e.g., Ph.D, M.D.) in your citations.

The main contributors to the source, normally the authors, are placed first in the citation. All

author names are formatted by last name, followed by the first and middle (if available) initial of

the author. If there is more than one author, arrange them in the same order as found in the

source. (For more information, see the APA’s Publication Manual, 6th^ Edition, 6.27.)

*For sources with 7+ authors: list the first six authors, insert ellipses, then insert the last author listed in the source. Author and editor Author, F. M. (Year). Title of chapter. In F. M. Editor (Ed.), Title of work (pp. xx-xx). Location: Publisher. Editor, no author Editor, F. M., & Editor, F. M. (Eds.). (Year). Title of work. Location: Publisher.

Generally, APA citations require some or all of the following bibliographic data:

• Publisher
• City and state of publication
• Page or paragraph numbers
• Author
• Title
• Publication year
• Publication month and date

APA Examples of Popular Sources APA Examples of Popular Sources

APA Examples of Popular Sources

Book

Author, F. M. (Year of publication). Book title: Subtitle. City, State: Publisher. Green, J. (2012). The fault in our stars. New York, NY: Dutton Books. APA Ex:

Chapter/Anthology

APA Ex: Author, F. M. (Year of publication). Title of chapter. In F. M. Editor (Ed.), Title of book (pp. xx-xx). Location: Publisher. Melville, H. (1989). Hawthorne and his mosses. In N. Baym (Ed.), The Norton anthology of American literature (pp. 5-25). New York, NY: W. W. Norton.

Magazine

Author, F. M. (Year, month of publication). Article title. Magazine Title, Volume (Issue) , pp-pp. Winerman, L. (2013, June). Breaking free from addiction. Monitor on Psychology, 44 (6) , 30 - 34. APA Ex:

Newspaper

Author, F. M. (Year, month date of publication). Article title. Newspaper title, pp. xx-xx. Bowman, L. (1990, March 7). Bills target Lake Erie mussels. The Pittsburgh Press, pp. A4. APA Ex:

APA Examples of Popular Sources

Audio recording

Songwriter, F. M. (Copyright year). Song title [Recorded by F. M. Last (performer’s name)]. On Album title [Medium of recording]. City, State of label: Record label name. Turner, A. (2013). Do I wanna know? [Recorded by Arctic Monkeys]. On AM [MP3 file]. London, England: Domino Records. APA Ex:

Film

Producer, F. M. (Producer), & Director, F. M. (Director). (Release year). Title of motion picture [Motion picture]. Country of origin: Studio. Stiller, B. (Producer) & Ayoade, R. (Director). (2011). Submarine [Motion picture]. United Kingdom: Film4 Productions. APA Ex: *If the songwriter and performer are the same person, leave out the bracketed data [Recorded by ____] following the song title.

Online lecture slides

Author, F. M. (Publication year). Name or title of lecture [file format]. Retrieved from URL Jacobson, T. E. & Mackey, T. (2013). What’s in a name?: Information literacy, metaliteracy, or transliteracy [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net/tmackey/acrl- 2013 APA Ex:

Thesis/dissertation

Author, F. M. (Publication year). Title of dissertation/thesis (Doctoral dissertation or Master’s thesis). Retrieved from Name of database. (Accession or Order No.) Knight, K. A. (2011). Media epidemics: Viral structures in literature and new media (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from MLA International Bibliography database. (Accession No. 2013420395) APA Ex:

APA Web Rules APA Web Rules

APA Web Rules

Examples of citations for a/an:

General website article with an author

Limer, E. (2013, October 1). Heck yes! The first free wireless plan is finally here. Retrieved from http://gizmodo.com/heck-yes-the-first-free-wireless-plan-is-finally-here- 1429566597

General website article with no author

India: Country specific information. (2013, October 3). Retrieved 2013, October 23 from http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1139.html

Journal article (found in a database or elsewhere online)

Trier, J. (2007). “Cool” engagements with YouTube: Part 2. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 50 (7), 598 - 603. doi:10.1598/JAAL.50.7.

Online encyclopedia article

Musser, G. (2013). Hedgehog. In Encylopædia Brittanica. Retrieved from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/259273/hedgehog

Blog post

Silver, N. (2013, July 15). Senate control in 2014 increasingly looks like a tossup [Web log post]. Retrieved from http://fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/07/15/senate- control-in- 2014 - increasingly-looks-like-a-tossup/

Online newspaper article

Kaplan, K. (2013, October 22). Flu shots may reduce risk of heart attacks, strokes and even death. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved from http://www.latimes.com *Include the homepage URL of the online newspaper at the end of your citation. *Include the retrieval date and URL if the information on the site may change (this website includes information about laws, which can change over time).

APA Examples of Popular Sources APA Parenthetical Citations

APA Parenthetical Citations The study did not come to any definitive conclusions (Rothschild et al., 2013).

Works with six or more authors:

• Include only the last name of the first author, followed by “et al.” and publication year in all

parenthetical citations.

Citing sources without an author

If a work has no author, include the first few words of the bibliography entry (in many cases, the

title) and the year.

• Use double quotations around the titles of articles, chapters and/or websites
• Italicize the titles of periodicals, books, brochures or reports Statistics confirm that the trend is rising (“New Data,” 2013). The report includes some bleak results ( Information Illiteracy in Academia , 2009).

See Table 6.1 in the APA Publication Manual (6th^ ed.) for more information on formatting parenthetical

citations.

When citing a specific part of a work, provide the relevant page number or section identifier, such

as chapters, tables or equations. Direct quotes should always have page numbers.

Continued…

Citing part of a work

One of the most memorable quotes is when he says, “You are going to live a good and long life filled with great and terrible moments that you cannot even imagine yet!” to Augustus (Green, 2012, p. 272). *Note: Unlike in your reference list, parenthetical citations of articles, chapters and/or website should have all major words capitalized.

APA Parenthetical Citations

Corporations, government agencies and associations can be considered the author of a source

when no specific author is given.

Write out the full name of the group in all parenthetical citations:

However, you may abbreviate the group name if the group’s name is lengthy and it is a commonly

recognized abbreviation in all subsequent parenthetical citations:

Citing groups or corporate authors

The May 2011 study focused on percentages of tax money that goes to imprisonment over education funding (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, 2011). The report found that over a half billion of taxpayer dollars went to imprison residents “from 24 of New York City’s approximately 200 neighborhoods” (NAACP, 2011, pp. 2).

Citing classical works

For classical sources, such as ancient Greek works, cite the year of the translation or version used.

Precede this information with “trans.” or “version,” respectively.

Continued… (Homer, trans. 1998).

If the source does not include page numbers (such as online sources), you can reference specific parts of the

work by referencing the:

• Paragraph number (if given) with the abbreviation “para. xx”
• Section or heading and the number of the paragraph in which the information is found

o For lengthy headings, use the first few words of the title in the parenthetical citation

He quickly learned that pandas were not considered good pets (Chan, 2011, para. 3). The sample population included both red and giant pandas (Chan, 2011, Methodology section, para. 1).

APA Visual Guides

Part 1

Table of Contents 1 Books

pp. 2- 4

2 Journal articles

pp. 5- 6

3 Newspapers

pp. 7 - 9

4 Reports

pp. 10 - 11

5 Scholarly projects

pp. 12 - 13

5 Online lecture notes

pp. 14

7 Encyclopedias

pp. 15

8 Religious/classical works

pp. 16