Assignment 4 with Problems - Digital Integrated Circuit | EECS 312, Assignments of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Material Type: Assignment; Professor: Dick; Class: Digit Integrat Circ; Subject: Electrical Engineering And Computer Science; University: University of Michigan - Ann Arbor; Term: Unknown 1989;

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Pre 2010

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Homework Four
EECS 312: Digital Integrated Circuits
Teacher: Robert Dick
Assigned 27 March
Due 2 April
You may discuss the assignment with your classmates. However, you need to understand and write the
solutions independently.
1. (10 pts.) In the latch in the following figure, compute the setup time when Dis low (that is, a low
value is being passed from Dto X). Assume the initial voltage at node Xis (VDD VTn (Vx)) = 1.8 V.
You must compute the equivalent resistance of the pass transistor at the midpoint of the voltage swing
of interest. Let the width of the NMOS pass transistor be W=1 µm and the PMOS/NMOS sizes of
the inverter are 2µm and 1µm respectively. Use the 0.6 fF/µm junction capacitance assumption and
ignore overlap capacitance.
D
CLK
M1 Cx
Q
X
2. (15 total pts.) Assume the register shown below is driven at input Dby a CMOS inverter. A 4
cross-coupled inverters in the flip-flop have Wp=Wn= 0.5 µm and minimum channel length.
D
CLK CLK
X Y
Z
Q
(a) (7 pts.) Find a sizing constraint (or relationship between) on the inverter driving node D(not
shown explicitly in the diagram) and the NMOS pass transistor that ensures proper functionality
for storing a 0 (ignore body effect) at Q. You may need to make some simplifying assumptions
pf3

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Homework Four

EECS 312: Digital Integrated Circuits

Teacher: Robert Dick Assigned 27 March Due 2 April

You may discuss the assignment with your classmates. However, you need to understand and write the solutions independently.

  1. (10 pts.) In the latch in the following figure, compute the setup time when D is low (that is, a low value is being passed from D to X). Assume the initial voltage at node X is (VDD − VT n(Vx)) = 1.8 V. You must compute the equivalent resistance of the pass transistor at the midpoint of the voltage swing of interest. Let the width of the NMOS pass transistor be W=1 μm and the PMOS/NMOS sizes of the inverter are 2 μm and 1 μm respectively. Use the 0.6 fF/μm junction capacitance assumption and ignore overlap capacitance.

D

CLK

M1 Cx

Q

X

  1. (15 total pts.) Assume the register shown below is driven at input D by a CMOS inverter. A 4 cross-coupled inverters in the flip-flop have Wp=Wn= 0.5 μm and minimum channel length.

D

CLK CLK

X Y

Z

Q

(a) (7 pts.) Find a sizing constraint (or relationship between) on the inverter driving node D (not shown explicitly in the diagram) and the NMOS pass transistor that ensures proper functionality for storing a 0 (ignore body effect) at Q. You may need to make some simplifying assumptions

regarding feedback please describe these clearly in your answer. Take the switching voltage, VM = 1 V for the inverters with Wp = Wn and the default technology parameters. (b) (4 pts.) How would you redesign the flip-flop to relax the sizing requirement on the driving stage? (qualitative answer is sufficient) (c) (4 pts.) Suppose we change the circuit by adding a feedback NMOS pass transistor controlled by inserted between the output of the feedback inverter in the leading stage and node X (the leading stage now looks like Figure 7-8a of the text). How does this change the sizing requirement of part (a)? A qualitative answer is sufficient.

  1. (15 total pts.) Two-phase clocking

(a) (4 pts.) What two constraints does the textbook state for combinational logic delays in a cycle of alternating-phase latches supporting time borrowing? What is the definition of the term “logic cycle delay” in the textbook? (b) (4 pts.) Give an example of a cycle pipeline that violates neither constraint in the book but is invalid. Explain why this cycle is invalid. (c) (5 pts.) Give two constraints that are sufficient to guarantee validity. (d) (1 pts.) Demonstrate that these two constraints are correct. (e) (1 pts.) Give an algorithm for determining the minimal period for a cycle of latches.

  1. (10 pts.) To perform a certain function in a microprocessor, data must propagate through 100 stages of logic, each having a delay equal to that of an inverter, tinv. The speed of this operation sets the clock frequency of the system.

(a) (7 pts.) Compare the speed (quantified by maximum clock frequency) of a non-pipelined system to that of a pipelined system with 10 stages. Let the design use registers having a delay equal to 3 tinv and a set-up time of 3tinv also. (b) (3 pts.) What do the results imply about breaking up operations into an increasing number of very small operations?

  1. (10 pts.) (It is fine to copy your answer from homework assignment 3, if you fully understood logical effort when doing it.) Given that gate p is minimum-width and the capacitor has seven times the ca- pacitance of gate p, use your knowledge of logical effort and branching effort, as well as your creativity and reasoning abilities to size each gate in the following circuit for minimum delay on the A → B path. If you needed to invent new ideas, use at most two sentences to explain them.

A B

7 L

p q

r

s

t

  1. (10 pts.) Given the following clock and data waveforms, draw the output waveforms for a

(a) positive edge-triggered register and (b) a negative latch.

The timing characteristics of these sequential elements follow: tc−−Q = 4 units, tD−−Q = 3 units, tsetup = thold = 2 units. Vertical dashed lines have a separation of one unit. Note the clock period is equal to 24 units. Clearly mark on the figure where setup and hold time violations occur for each