Download BIOD331 Final Exam: (NEW 2025/ 2026 Update) Pathophysiology | Questions & Answers and more Exams Pathophysiology in PDF only on Docsity!
BIOD l 331/ l BIOD331 l Final l Exam: l (NEW l
2025/ l 2026 l Update) l Pathophysiology l | l
Questions l & l Answers| l Grade l A| l 100% l
Correct l (Verified l Solutions)- l Portage l
Learning
QUESTION
Patientl isl foundl tol havel thel abovel picturedl (atherscleroticl plaque):l 1.l Whatl riskl factorsl mostlyl ledl tol thisl diseasel state?l 2.l Whatl isl thisl personl atl riskl forl developing?l 3.l Whatl lifestylel modificationsl wouldl youl suggestl forl them? Answer: 1.l hyperlipdemia/l smoking 2.l coronaryl arteryl disease/angina 3.l stopl smoking,l lowl cholesteroll diet
QUESTION
l isl thel transferl ofl gasesl betweenl thel alveolil andl thel pulmonaryl capillaries. Answer: diffusion
QUESTION
Eachl ofl thel followingl canl leadl tol atelectasisl except: Answer: Thrombus
QUESTION
Al 10 - year-oldl boyl whol isl havingl anl acutel asthmal attackl isl broughtl tol thel ER.l Hel isl observedl tol bel sittingl upl andl strugglingl tol breathe.l Hisl breathingl isl accompaniedl byl usel ofl accessoryl muscles,l al weakl cough,l andl audiblel wheezingl sounds.l Hisl pulsel isl rapidl andl weak,l andl bothl heartl andl breathl soundsl arel distantl onl auscultation.l Hisl parentsl relatel thatl hisl asthmal beganl tol worsenl afterl hel developedl al "cold,"l andl nowl hel doesn'tl getl reliefl froml hisl albuteroll inhaler.l Explainl thel changesl inl physiologicl functionl underlyingl hisl signsl andl symptoms. Answer:
- inflammatoryl cellsl secretel chemicalsl toxicl tol organismsl causingl airwayl inflammation
- Swellingl ofl bronchiall wall,l mucusl secretion,l bronchiall hyper-responsivenessl tol stimulil causesl airwayl narrowing.
QUESTION
T/F:l Oligodendrocytesl producel myelinl inl thel PNS. Answer: False-l CNS
QUESTION
Riskl factorsl forl thel developmentl ofl pepticl ulcerl includel eachl ofl thel followingl EXCEPT: Answer: Stress
QUESTION
Whatl arel rhythmicl movementsl designedl tol propell thel chymel alongl thel smalll intestinel towardl thel largel intestine? Answer: Peristalticl movements
QUESTION
Anti-diarrheall medicationl canl bel usedl withl alll typesl ofl diarrhea. Answer: False
QUESTION
Whichl ofl thel followingl isl characteristicl ofl chronicl transplantl rejection?
Answer: Involvesl humorall immunity
QUESTION
Al patientl isl saidl tol bel inl stagel 2 l kidneyl disease.l Whatl wouldl youl expectl theirl GFRl tol be? Answer: C.l 70 l mL/min/1.73m
QUESTION
Explainl howl thel kidneyl canl maintainl al constantl GFRl despitel variationsl inl thel arteriall bloodl pressurel ofl thel restl ofl thel body. Answer:
- renall autoregulatoryl systeml
- l efferentl arteriolel constrictsl andl increasesl glomerularl pressurel andl GFR.l
- afferentl arteriolel constrictsl andl reducesl glomerularl pressurel andl GFR.
QUESTION
Al patientl presentsl inl thel emergencyl departmentl withl severel dehydrationl secondaryl tol vomiting.l Thel followingl arel thel resultsl ofl theirl bloodl work:l pHl =l 8.2,l PCO2l =l 39 l mm,l andl HCO3l - l =l 33 l mEq/L.l Basedl uponl thesel results,l whatl typel ofl acid-basel disorderl arel theyl experiencing?l Isl compensationl occurring?l Describel al treatmentl interventionl forl thisl disorder.l Normall valuesl arel asl follows:l pHl =l 7.35-7.45,l PCO2l =l 35 - 45 l mm,l HCO3l
QUESTION
Al 45 - year-oldl womanl presentsl withl fatigue,l weightl gain,l andl coldl intolerance.l Labl findingsl showl al lowl seruml T4l andl elevatedl TSH.l 1.l Whatl diagnosisl wouldl herl historyl andl labl findingsl indicate?l 2.l Whatl typel ofl treatmentl shouldl bel given? Answer:
- Hypothyroidism-l syntheticl T4l thyroidl hormone,l thyroxine
QUESTION
Symptomsl ofl diabeticl ketoacidosisl (DKA)l includel eachl ofl thel followingl EXCEPT: Answer: Bradycardia
QUESTION
Whichl ofl thel followingl wouldl al patientl likelyl reportl ifl youl suspectl theyl havel OA? Answer: Stiffnessl inl thel morningl thatl resolvesl inl lessl thanl 30 l minutes
QUESTION
Bloodl circulatesl throughl bonel byl whatl means?l (markl alll thatl apply)
Answer:
- Vial thel centrall Haversianl andl Volkmannl canals
- Anl anastomosisl betweenl perforatingl andl nutrientl arteries
- Diffusionl throughl thel endosteall surfacel ofl thel bonel andl thel canaliculi
QUESTION
Al 72 - year-oldl malel isl saidl tol bel inl phasel 3 l ofl gout.l Hel isl obesel andl hasl al historyl ofl alcoholl abuse.l Developl al treatmentl planl includingl specificl pharmacologicl interventionl andl al non-pharmacologicl recommendationl tol managel hisl disease. Answer:
- l Goall isl tol maintainl normall uricl acidl levelsl andl preventl progression
- l recommendationsl arel allopurinoll andl avoidingl purinel richl foods
QUESTION
Ifl someonel losesl theirl balancel whenl walkingl onl unevenl terrain,l tendonsl andl ligamentsl workl tol protectl thel jointl andl structuresl withinl itl by: Answer: proprioceptivel nervel fibersl reflexl whenl stretched/strainedl tol adjustl tensionl onl musclesl therebyl protectingl jointl structures
QUESTION
T/F:l Metaplasticl cellsl arel notl betterl preparedl tol survivel underl stressfull circumstances.
QUESTION
T/F:l Thel Tl cellsl thatl displayl thel host'sl MHCl antigensl andl T-celll receptorsl forl al nonself-antigenl arel allowedl tol mature,l al processl termedl negativel selection. Answer: False
QUESTION
Whichl labl valuel willl typicallyl bel increasedl inl al virall infection? Answer: Lymphocytes
QUESTION
Al 9 - year-oldl boyl withl al peanutl allergyl wasl exposedl tol peanuts.l Hel presentsl tol thel emergencyl rooml withl anl anaphylacticl reaction.l (1)l Whatl symptomsl mightl hel presentl with?l (2)l Doesl thel quantityl ofl exposurel meanl hel willl havel al morel severel reaction?l (3)l Whatl isl thel initiall immediatel treatment?l (4)l Whatl arel 2 l thingsl peoplel withl anaphylaxisl shouldl alwaysl carry?l Yourl Answer: Answer: hypotension/tachycardia,l no,l epinephrinel allergyl identificationl andl epipen
QUESTION
Al 23 - year-oldl African-Americanl manl withl al historyl ofl severel lifelongl anemial requiringl manyl transfusionsl hasl nonhealingl legl ulcersl andl recurrentl periodsl ofl abdominall andl chestl pain.l Thesel signsl andl symptomsl arel mostl likelyl tol bel associatedl withl whichl onel ofl thel followingl laboratoryl abnormalities? Answer: Sicklel cellsl onl peripherall bloodl smear
QUESTION
Whichl ofl thel followingl isl NOTl truel ofl vitaminl B12l deficiencyl anemia? Answer: MCVl isl decreased
QUESTION
Eachl ofl thel followingl arel riskl factorsl forl secondaryl hyperlipidemial except? Answer: Autosomall dominantl disorderl ofl LDLl receptor
QUESTION
Riskl factorsl forl coronaryl heartl diseasel includel eachl ofl thel followingl except: Answer:
Comparel andl contrastl thel twol typesl ofl gangrenousl necrosis. Answer:
- l dryl - l skinl isl dry,l shrinks,l darkl brownl orl black,l causedl byl arteriall bloodl flowl cutoff
- l wetl - l skinl isl moist/swollen,l black,l bacteriall infectionl causesl foull odor
QUESTION
T/F:l Celll proliferationl isl thel processl inl whichl proliferatingl cellsl becomel morel specializedl celll types. Answer: False,l celll differentiation
QUESTION
T/F:l Celll differentiationl isl thel processl ofl increasingl celll numbersl byl mitoticl celll division. Answer: False,l celll proliferation
QUESTION
Whatl arel twol importantl propertiesl thatl steml cellsl possess? Answer: Potencyl andl self-renewal
QUESTION
l isl al systemicl treatmentl thatl enablesl drugsl tol reachl thel sitel ofl thel tumorl asl welll asl otherl distantl sites. Answer: chemotherapy
