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BIOS 251 Week 2 Assignment; Case Study, Assignments of Biology

Chamberlain College of NursingBiology

BIOS 251 Week 2 Assignment; Case Study

Typology: Assignments

2023/2024

Available from 01/02/2025

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Natasha Ngong
Chamberlain University College of Nursing
BIOS 251: Anatomy and Physiology
Professor Zille
May 19, 2024
Scenario/Summary
Deliverables
Please address the following questions in complete sentences.
1. What clues in this clinical vignette make the prescription of atorvastatin necessary
for the treatment of this client’s hypercholesterolemia?
Based on the patient's family history and the existence of cardiovascular risk factors, such as his
dyspnea, alongside his elevated BMI of 31 kg/m² and an abdominal waist circumference of 40
inches, all support the need for atorvastatin to control his hypercholesterolemia successfully.
2. Explain the chemical structure and synthesis of high-density lipoprotein (HDL),
low- density lipoprotein (LDL), and Very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)
cholesterol. Be sure to specify if HDL/LDL/VLDL is healthy or unhealthy.
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Natasha Ngong Chamberlain University College of Nursing BIOS 251: Anatomy and Physiology Professor Zille May 19, 2024

Scenario/Summary

Deliverables

Please address the following questions in complete sentences.

1. What clues in this clinical vignette make the prescription of atorvastatin necessary for the treatment of this client’s hypercholesterolemia? Based on the patient's family history and the existence of cardiovascular risk factors, such as his dyspnea, alongside his elevated BMI of 31 kg/m² and an abdominal waist circumference of 40 inches, all support the need for atorvastatin to control his hypercholesterolemia successfully. 2. Explain the chemical structure and synthesis of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low- density lipoprotein (LDL), and Very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol. Be sure to specify if HDL/LDL/VLDL is healthy or unhealthy.

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is composed of a core of hydrophobic lipids, primarily cholesterol and triglycerides, surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer and proteins called apolipoproteins. HDL is synthesized primarily in the liver and intestines and It initially forms a discoidal structure and matures into spherical particles as it interacts with other lipoproteins in the bloodstream. Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL): contains a core rich in cholesterol esters and triglycerides, surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer and apolipoproteins, primarily ApoB-

  1. It is produced primarily in the liver and carries cholesterol from the liver to peripheral tissues. It forms from the metabolism of VLDL particles in the bloodstream. Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDL): is primarily composed of triglycerides in its core, surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer and apolipoproteins, notably ApoB-100 and ApoC- II. It is synthesized in the liver and carries triglycerides that are synthesized in the liver to peripheral tissues for energy metabolism. It is formed from the assembly of triglycerides, cholesterol, and apolipoproteins within the liver. HDL is considered healthy because it aids in the removal of cholesterol from the bloodstream. LDL and VLDL are considered unhealthy when present in high levels because they contribute to cardiovascular disease development by depositing cholesterol in arterial walls. 3. Describe the chemical structure of cholesterol and lipids (fats). Cholesterol is a specific type of lipid with a characteristic steroid structure, while lipids (fats) encompass a broader category of molecules that include triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols. a) The chemical structure of cholesterol is comprised of a 27-carbon molecule with a distinct structure that includes a hydrocarbon tail, a core sterol nucleus composed of four hydrocarbon rings, and a hydroxyl group. b) The chemical structure of lipids is composed of a glycerol backbone, 2 hydrophobic (meaning they are insoluble in water) fatty acid tails, and a hydrophilic (meaning they have an affinity or attraction for water) phosphate group. 4. Fibrates are a type of cholesterol-lowering medication prescribed to lower triglyceride levels by increasing cells’ uptake and subsequent usage of fatty acids to make what? Fibrates are a type of cholesterol-lowering medication prescribed to lower triglyceride levels by increasing cells' uptake and subsequent usage of fatty acids to make **ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the primary energy currency of cells.
  2. Describe the difference between saturated and unsaturated fat. Saturated fats** are solid at room temperature and are primarily found in animal products such as cured meats like bacon and sausages and certain oils like coconut oils. They have been linked to an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease.