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Chapter 14 Psych Testing: Projective Techniques
projective personality tests are among the most - controversial and misunderstood psychological tests projectives theory - they use ambiguous stimuli to elicit individually specific responses, which are assumed to showcase the examinee's personality dynamics projectives are thought to provide what info about a persons personality dynamics - a person's desires, fantasies, inclinations, fears, motives, unconscious personality characteristics uses of projectives in individual cases - used as an icebreaker, personalized vs standard scoring, assess personality most projectives are used to assess - personality personalizes vs standard scoring - different scores/scorings for one test lead to different interpretation bender-gestalt is used to assess - neuropsychological areas bender-gestalt is a decent test of - some perceptual and coordination problems the human figure drawing test is used to assess - intelligence evidence of the human figure drawing test in assessing intelligence - no real proof why do people use projectives - they don't require reading they are more difficult to fake than an objective broad range of hypothesis why do we not use projectives though - a variety of claims on scientific and statistical grounds why do we not use projectives specifically, in terms of scoring - it is anything but uniform the Exner is formal
some are informal though, or just give the overall impression of the individual what is the exner - the formal scoring system for the rorschach john exner claims the first rorschach was - 10 inkblots in 1921 as a monograph john exner claims the first rorschach was referred to as - psychodiagnosik the rorschach was most popular during - the 1940s and 50s why did the rorschach first fall into disfavor - claims of subjectivity and a projective nature what theory was rorschach following when he developed his inkblot test - when observing children in a psych hospital he noticed kids with different illnesses gave grouped answers which were characteristically different in a game, "blotto/klecksographe" he didn't intend projective/subjective nature what was the rorschach like in it's original publication? - blots were characterized as a form interpretation test, he cautioned that his findings were preliminary and stressed the importance of the need for further research and experimentation what event hindered the continuation of research of the rorschach test - he died in 1922 at age 37, so we was only able to work on it for four years there are ____ official inkblots - ten _____ inkblots are black ink on white - five five inkblots are - black ink on white ____ inkblots are black and red ink on white - two two inkblots are - black and red ink on white _______ inkblots are multicolored - three three inkblots are - multicolored
determinants blends organizational quality form quality content populars special scores location scoring (exner) scale - whole blot (W) vs common detail (D) vs unusual detail (Dd) exner location confabulatory responses - scoring should reflect that, where P overgeneralizes from one part to the whole exner location confabulatory responses and overgeneralizations may mean - the subject is in a disordered state what type of responses (W, D, or Dd) are normally produced - a balance of them all what do abnormal responses (W, D, Dd) mean - nothing lol there are no real links/correlations what are determinants (exner) - form / shape / perceived movement / color / shading individuals who use more chromatic color are more (exner: determinant) - susceptible to distraction, more apt to alter their judgments in the face of persuasion movement appears associated with (exner: determinant) - the use of internal resources as a way of solving problems validity studies have linked human movement (exner: determinants) - with cognitive operations, abstract thinking a person with a lot of movement is likely to (exner: determinants) - go for a walk to think out their problems instead of talking to a friend define cooperative movement - a special type of movement, positive interaction between two humans or animals what is the optimal response pattern regarding cooperative movement - more than two responses, but not too many those who give 2+ cooperative movement responses tended to - be rated by others as fun to be with and trustworthy
why do we not want too many cooperative movement responses - one study found 14/20 subjects who committed sexual homicide gave cooperative- movement responses define shading - when people use variations in ink saturation to produce their answers define form quality - the extent the responses matched the stimulus properties of the inkblot how is form quality assessed - using tables about response rate ordinary = o unusual = u minus = - (if gross distortion) define content - what the perception was categories of content - human, animal, or nature avg animal content - 45% avg human content - 20% avg nature content - 35% excessive nature content indicates - a rather isolated interpersonal stance morbid content indicates - depression define frequency of occurrence - to what extent the responses was popular or original popular responses occur how often - once in every three protocols psychometric properties are difficult to - document there is no universally accepted method of - administration
Murray believed the first 10 cards (TAT) - evoked everyday situations Murray believed the seond 10 cards (TAT) - could provide more unusual, dramatic, and bizarre fantasy TAT directions - ask for a story explaining, what the characters are doing, their past, probable future actions, their feelings/thoughts, and the outcome of the story TAT directions significance - blatant directions with loaded words produced distress in examinees in a number of studies TAT administration/scoring standardization - lol same as rorschach TAT original design had ____ cards in __ session - 20, 2 TAT actual administration uses how many cards? - 10- what is the issue with administering 10-12 cards - its unethical to administered a shortened version if it's the only test being given when P is giving responses, the examiner - records verbatim responses and reaction time TAT scoring looks at - congruence with picture stimuli, conformance with directions, distance, conflict, literal story content TAT scoring: congruence with picture stimuli - departure from normative thematic data nly notable whenever the theme is blatantly discordant with the stimulus TAT scoring: conformity with directions - omission of direction components not only relates to personality organization but to adequacy of functioning, also look at rejection of particular cards TAT scoring: distance - physical, psychological, geographic distance are evidences of remoteness from awareness TAT scoring: conflict -
look for presence of similar conflict in different cards TAT scoring: literal story content - awareness of voice inflection, rate of speech, groups of words, out of place phrases, change in affect, misplaced concreteness, concurrent behavior experts think the TAT is - psychometrically unsound TAT achievement reliability - relatively high TAT test-retest reliabilit - ~. TAT split-half reliability - consistently poor criterion validity TAT - ~.19-. TAT pros - good ice-breaker Rotter Incomplete Sentences Blank: how many forms - 3 Rotter Incomplete Sentences Blank: name the different forms lol - high school college adult Rotter Incomplete Sentences Blank: items? - 40 incomplete sentences, usually only 1-2 words long Rotter Incomplete Sentences Blank: example item/sentence... - I regret.......... People I know.......... Where I live.......... Rotter Incomplete Sentences Blank: instructions - express "your real feelings"
HTP purpose was - to initially derive a measure of IQ HTP instructions - P is given a blank paper and standard instructions about drawing the HT or P HTP analysis - two paths: content and quality HTP uses what to explore depth - a post-drawing inquiry what is a post-drawing inquiry - used to explore the depth of the material behind the projections Rotter Incomplete Sentences Blank: reliability - some degree Rotter Incomplete Sentences Blank: validity - mainly limited to identifying overall maladjustment the future is focusing on - psychologist training, managed care, adapting projectives to objective scoring how is the future of training psychologists changing - we're still being trained in these techniques although therapy is becoming more behavioral how is the future of managed care changing - they want more diagnostic and symptomatic assessment, projectives are a more holistic technique how are people trying to adapt the projectives to objective scoring - exner
