Coastal Resource - Human Resource - Lecture Notes, Study notes of Human Resource Management

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LECTURE NOTES

Guidelines for Coastal Resource

Co-management in the Caribbean:

Communicating the concepts and

conditions that favour success

• Background ............................................................................................................................................. Table of Contents
  • Types of co-management .....................................................................................................................
  • Phases of co-management .................................................................................................................
  • Integrated coastal management and adaptive management ..............................................................
  • Demand for co-management ..............................................................................................................
  • Poverty and pro-poor perspectives .....................................................................................................
  • Livelihoods: sustainable, alternative, complementary.........................................................................
  • Social and cultural fit...........................................................................................................................
  • Some resources are more easily co-managed than others ................................................................
  • Resource use crises: conflicts, dependence and scarcity...................................................................
  • Benefits to groups and individuals ......................................................................................................
• Where do we co-manage?....................................................................................................................
  • Boundaries and scale .........................................................................................................................
  • Property rights.....................................................................................................................................
• Who do we co-manage with?...............................................................................................................
  • Stakeholders and partners ..................................................................................................................
  • Trust and respect ................................................................................................................................
  • Collective action and organisations.....................................................................................................
  • Decentralisation, delegation and devolution .......................................................................................
  • External agents and resources ...........................................................................................................
• How do we co-manage? .......................................................................................................................
  • Participatory and strategic planning ....................................................................................................
  • Management objectives ......................................................................................................................
  • Facilitation and information .................................................................................................................
  • Local and scientific knowledge ...........................................................................................................
  • Stakeholder analysis ...........................................................................................................................
  • Decision-making, power and equity ....................................................................................................
  • Building capacity .................................................................................................................................
  • Leadership ..........................................................................................................................................
  • Communication, cooperation and coordination...................................................................................
  • Conflict management and negotiation.................................................................................................
  • Compliance and enforcement .............................................................................................................
• Where do we go from here?.................................................................................................................
• References and further reading...........................................................................................................
• Internet resources.................................................................................................................................
• and managers........................................................................................................................................ Experiment 2: testing co-management tools and messages for training natural resource users

Outline

The following lectures focus mainly on communicating the key concepts and conditions for implementing successful co-management of coastal resources in the Caribbean. Sharing ideas and concepts is critical to foster a common understanding of co-management and to promote its potential for improving the livelihoods of coastal communities in the Caribbean. These lecture notes answer the following questions about the concepts and conditions of co-management:

Lecture 1

What is co-management? Explains concepts that distinguish co-management from other types of management, and introduces integrated coastal management

Why co-manage in the Caribbean? Describes the driving forces behind co- management and its positive impacts on livelihoods, if there is a good socio-cultural fit

Lecture 2

When do we start to co-manage? Co-management is often a crisis response, but it works best with some resources, and when everyone involved sees benefits exceed costs

Where do we co-manage? Location and scale of the arrangements are as important as having established property rights

Lecture 3

Who do we co-manage with? Co-management requires teamwork, and you need to know the players and their agreed roles for the group to work well together

Lecture 4

How do we co-manage? All kinds of skills are needed to improve the chances of co-management being successful

LECTURE 1

What is Co-management?

Co-management may be a new term to many readers or may mean different things to different people. What do you understand by the term co-management?

Co-management is the sharing of responsibility and authority for the management of resources between government and stakeholders. Co- management is a partnership arrangement in which government, the community of local resource users (fishers), external agents (non-governmental organizations, academic and research institutions), and other fisheries and coastal resource stakeholders (boat owners, fish traders, money lenders, tourism establishments, etc.) share the responsibility and authority for decision making over the management of a fishery

Stakeholders are people and groups whose interests, resources, power or authority result in them being likely to substantially impact, or to be impacted by, management or the lack of it.

Fishing Co-op

Fisheries Authority

Coastal Authority

Tourism Association

Village Council

Yacht Club

Coast Guard

Marine Reserve

Figure 1 : Co-management is a combination of negotiation and action taken by stakeholders

World

Region

Country

District

Community Household Individual

Increasing scale of analysis

Increasing number of relevant factors

Figure 3 : Knowing the scale of co-management is important

Figure 3 shows several scales of operation and analysis; can you provide some examples of institutions at the various scales from your experience?

Types of co-management

Co-management emphasises participatory management, and encompasses several types of arrangements in the distribution of responsibility and authority between government and stakeholders.

Since there are few sharp distinctions between these types of arrangements, they are often shown as a spectrum or scale from government-based management through to community-based management (Figure 4).

Three common types of co-management: These types of co-management do not necessarily form a sequence either in time or as “good, better and best”; any one of them may be most appropriate for a particular situation.

♦ “ Consultative co-management ” Government interacts often but makes all the decisions is fairly common and typically refers to situations where the decision-maker (usually a national level management institution such as the Department of Fisheries) merely consults or seeks the opinion of other stakeholders on decisions made.

♦ “ Collaborative co-management ” Government and the stakeholders work closely and share decisions implies a stronger, and more equitable, partnership. Some people use the term “cooperative co-management” to mean the same thing, but this is avoided here because using “cooperative” may cause confusion with fishery cooperatives.

♦ “ Delegated co-management ” Government lets formally organised users/stakeholders make decisions includes, but is not limited to, community- based management where stakeholders outside of government are delegated nearly full decision-making power.