Download CSET MULTIPLE SUBJECT SUBTEST 2 and more Study notes Biology in PDF only on Docsity!
CSET MULTIPLE SUBJECT SUBTEST
1: HISTORY AND SOCIAL SCIENCE
WORLD HISTORY SET
Abbassides---ans-✔✔Overthrew-the-Umayyad-but-one-escaped Absolutionism---ans-✔✔political-system-in-which-a-ruler-holds-total-power.-The-ruler-has- total-control-and-final-say-over-their-people. Achievements-of-the-Byzantine-Empire---ans-✔✔Greek-language-and-cultural- accomplishments-preserved.-Center-for-world-trade-and-exchange-of-culture.-It-spread- civilization-to-all-of-eastern-Europe.-It-preserved-the-Eastern-Church-which-converted- Slavic-people-to-Christianity.-Its-economic-strength-was-based-on-the-stability-of-its- money-economy.-New-focus-for-art;-glorification-of-Christianity. Aegan---ans-✔✔a-center-for-civilizations-which-flourished-in-the-2nd-and-3rd-millenniums- BC African-Culture---ans-✔✔Made-up-of-art-and-culture,-music/dance,storytelling-and-very- Religious African-Desert---ans-✔✔An-extremely-dry-area-with-little-water-and-few-plants African-Rivers---ans-✔✔Several-have-inland-as-well-as-coastal-deltas Nile-flows-northward-.-Niger,-Nile,-Congo,-Zambezi-And-were-important-to-Africa's- economic-history. African-Savana---ans-✔✔A-flat,-dry-grassland-with-trees-and-bushes Agarian---ans-✔✔concerning-farms,-farmers,-or-agriculture-and-the-use-of-land. Akbar---ans-✔✔Most-illustrious-sultan-of-the-Mughal-Empire-in-India-(r.-1556-1605).-He- expanded-the-empire-and-pursued-a-policy-of-conciliation-with-Hindus.-(p.-536) Alexandar-the-Great---ans-✔✔The-conqueror-who-united-the-peoples-of-Greece,-Egypt,- Persia-and-Indus-River-Valley-into-an-empire-by-conquering-them.
Arab-Caliphs---ans-✔✔political-leaders-after-the-death-of-Muhammad Arab-Conquests---ans-✔✔wars-which,-in-the-century-after-the-death-of-Muhammed-in- 632,-created-an-empire-stretching-from-Spain-to-the-Indus-Valley. Ashikaga-Shogunate---ans-✔✔The-Ashikaga-Shogunate-is-the-weakest-of-the-three- Japanese-bakufu-governments.-Unlike-its-predecessor,-the-Kamakura-Shogunate,-or-its- successor,-the-,-when-Ashikaga-Takauji-established-his-bakufu-he-had-little-personal- territories-with-which-to-support-his-rule.-The-Ashikaga-Shogunate-was-thus-heavily- reliant-on-the-prestige-and-personal-authority-of-its-shoguns. Athens---ans-✔✔Powerful-city-in-Ancient-Greece-that-was-a-leader-in-arts,-sciences,- philosophy,-democracy-and-architecture. Augustus---ans-✔✔First-emperor-of-the-Roman-Empire.-Julius-Caesar's-grand-nephew. Baroque-Style---ans-✔✔17th-century-Europe,-elaborate-and-detailed-artwork,-drama,- tension,-exuberance,-and-grandeur-in-sculpture,-painting,-literature,-and-music Benin---ans-✔✔A-kingdom-of-the-West-African-rain-forest Bourgeoisie---ans-✔✔the-middle-class,-including-merchants,-industrialists,-and- professional-people Brahman---ans-✔✔The-term-for-The-Univeral-Soul-in-Hinduism. Byzantine-Empire---ans-✔✔Eastern-Roman-empire-after-the-fall-of-Rome. Byzantine-Empire-Decline---ans-✔✔It's-geographic-proximity-to-the-Arabs,-Slave,-and- Turks-all-of-whom-were-becoming-more-powerful.-The-loss-of-commercial-dominace-over- the-Italians.-Reliogious-contraversy-with-west-and-a-split-with-the-Roman-Catholic- Church.-The-sack-of-the-fourth-crusade.-The-fall-of-Constantinople Byzantine-Empire-Success---ans-✔✔Domination-of-teh-commercial-trade-routes- controlled-by-Constintanople-and-a-monopoly-on-the-silk-trade.-Excellant-use-of- diplonmacy-to-avoid-invasions.-Geographically-distant-from-the-tribes-who-sacked-Rome.- Codification-of-Roman-Law.-A-forstress-city-with-excellent-defensible-borders. Calvinism---ans-✔✔Religious-movement-founded-by-John-Calvin,-based-on-the-doctrine- of-predestination. Cardinal-Richelieu---ans-✔✔King-Louis-XIII-was-a-weak-ruler-and-Richelieu-filled-the- void,-more-or-less-running-the-empire-via-his-advice-to-the-king.-A-clever-politician-and-
Confucius---ans-✔✔Western-name-for-the-Chinese-philosopher-Kongzi-(551-479- B.C.E.).-His-doctrine-of-duty-and-public-service-had-a-great-influence-on-subsequent- Chinese-thought-and-served-as-a-code-of-conduct-for-government-officials. Constanople---ans-✔✔a-city-established-as-the-new-eastern-capital-of-the-roman-empire- by-the-emperor-constantine-in-a.d.- 330 - that-is-now-called-istanbul Constantine---ans-✔✔Emperor-of-Rome-who-adopted-the-Christian-faith-and-stopped-the- persecution-of-Christians-(280-337) Contributions-of-the-Greeks---ans-✔✔Democracy,-Drama,-Art,-Architecture,-Philosophy,- Sculpting,-Performing-Arts,-Philosphical-Schools,-Scientific-Method. Decentralization-of-the-Germanic-States---ans-✔✔Caused-by-a-continuing-power- struggle-with-the-Pope. Dorians---ans-✔✔conquered-the-Mycenaeans,-illiterate,-cause-the-Dark-Age-of-violence- and-instability Early-Japanese-Culture---ans-✔✔Developed-their-own-language,-a-sophisticated- systemof-writing,-literature-and-poetry,-with-great-emphasis-on-a-love-of-nature,-beauty,- and-good-manners. Effect-of-the-Reformation---ans-✔✔Western-Europe-no-longer-united-by-religion Weakens-power-and-influence-of-the-Catholic-Church-The-power-of-states-was- strenthened-as-was-the-middle-class.-Encourages-education-people-encouraged-to-read- the-bible-and-interpret-it-individually MORE-RELIGIONS Egyptian-History---ans-✔✔Old-Kingdom-(massive-pyramids) Middle-kingdom New-kingdom-(gets-agressive) Egyptian-Religion---ans-✔✔They-were-polytheistic-worshiping-over-2,000-gods-and- goddesses.-They-believed-in-the-afterlife-and-that-they-would-be-judged-for-their-life.-They- had-sacred-burials.-Ruled-by-Pharoahs. Elizabeth-I---ans-✔✔This-queen-of-England-chose-a-religion-between-the-Puritans-and- Catholics-and-required-her-subjects-to-attend-church-or-face-a-fine.-She-also-required- uniformity-and-conformity-to-the-Church-of-England English-Common-Law---ans-✔✔The-basis-of-a-court-system-for-justice.-The-essence-of- English-common-law-is-that-it-is-made-by-judges-sitting-in-courts,-applying-their-common- sense-and-knowledge-of-legal-precedent-to-the-facts-before-them.
English-Parliment---ans-✔✔The-legaslative-body-of-england-(lawmaking),-two-houses:- house-of-lords-and-house-of-commons Frederick-Barbarossa---ans-✔✔Among-the-most-vigorous-of-the-medieval-emperors.- Clashed-with-the-pope-over-the-appointment-of-the-clergy.-Known-as-"the-red-beard"-(r.- 1152-1190).-He-attempted-to-conquer-Lombardy-(n.-Italy)-and-unite-the-German-princes,- but-the-popes-did-not-approve-of-this-and-forced-him-to-surrender-Lombardy. French-Revolution---ans-✔✔the-revolution-that-began-in-1789,-overthrew-the-absolute- monarchy-of-the-Bourbons-and-the-system-of-aristocratic-privileges,-and-ended-with- Napoleon's-overthrow-of-the-Directory-and-seizure-of-power-in-1799. Fuedal-Contract---ans-✔✔provided-land-in-exchange-for-personal-service-to-the-King. Fuedal-System---ans-✔✔The-economic-and-social-system-of-medieval-europe,-lords- recieved-land-from-the-King-in-exchane-for-loyalty-and-serfs-worked-the-land-for-the-lords- in-exchange-for-protection. Genghis-Khan---ans-✔✔A-Mongolian-general-and-emperor-of-the-late-twelfth-and-early- thirteenth-centuries,-known-for-his-military-leadership-and-great-cruelty.-He-conquered- vast-portions-of-northern-China-and-southwestern-Asia. Ghana---ans-✔✔First-known-kingdom-in-sub-Saharan-West-Africa-between-the-sixth-and- thirteenth-centuries-C.E.-Also-the-modern-West-African-country-once-known-as-the-Gold- Coast. Gothic-Revival---ans-✔✔1830s-movement-in-architecture-when-buildings-in-the-Gothic- (high-medieval)-style-became-popular.-It-was-in-this-period-that-the-British-Parliament- building-was-built.-This-was-the-architectural-manifestation-of-Romanticism.-Where-the- Enlightenment-had-looked-down-on-the-Middle-Ages-as-a-"dark"-period-of-ignorance,-the- Romantics-celebrated-the-Medieval-period-for-its-spiritualism,-depth,-and-sense-of- adventure. Greece---ans-✔✔a-republic-in-southeastern-Europe-on-the-southern-part-of-the-Balkan- peninsula Greek-Individualism---ans-✔✔a-catalyst-in-the-collapse-of-the-Greek-city-state-alliance. Henry-IV---ans-✔✔first-Bourbon-king-most-important-kings-in-French-history-rise-to- power-ended-French-Civil-Wars-gradual-course-to-absolutism-politique-converted-to- Catholicism-to-gain-loyalty-of-Paris Hieroglyphics---ans-✔✔an-ancient-Egyptian-writing-system-in-which-pictures-were-used- to-represent-ideas-and-sounds
Kingdom-of-Zimbabwe---ans-✔✔Large-powerful-kingdom-in-East/Central-africa.- Controlled-and-taxed-trade-between-the-interior-and-coastal-regions,-Organized-the-flow- of-gold,-ivory,-slaves,-forged-alliances-w/-local-rulers-&-profited-immensely-from-these- transactions. Kublai-Khan---ans-✔✔Mongolian-emperor-of-China-and-grandson-of-Genghis-Khan-who- completed-his-grandfather's-conquest-of-China Kush---ans-✔✔African-state-that-developed-along-the-upper-reaches-of-the-Nile-circa- 1000 - B.C.E.;-conquered-Egypt-and-ruled-it-for-several-centuries.-Important-iron-working- center. Laisssez-Faire---ans-✔✔The-idea-that-the-government-should-not-play-an-active-role-in- regulating-the-economy. Louis-XIV---ans-✔✔king-of-France-from- 1643 - to-1715;-his-long-reign-was-marked-by-the- expansion-of-French-influence-in-Europe-and-by-the-magnificence-of-his-court-and-the- Palace-of-Versailles-(1638-1715) Machiavelli---ans-✔✔Renaissance-writer;-formerly-a-politician,-wrote-The-Prince,-a-work- on-ethics-and-government,-describing-how-rulers-maintain-power-by-methods-that-ignore- right-or-wrong;-accepted-the-philosophy-that-"the-end-justifies-the-means." Mali---ans-✔✔Empire-created-by-indigenous-Muslims-in-western-Sudan-of-West-Africa- from-the-thirteenth-to-fifteenth-century.-It-was-famous-for-its-role-in-the-trans-Saharan-gold- trade. Manorialism---ans-✔✔An-economic-system-based-on-the-manor-and-lands-including-a- village-and-surrounding-acreage-which-were-administered-by-a-lord.-It-developed-during- the-Middle-Ages-to-increase-agricultural-production. Marco-Polo---ans-✔✔Venetian-merchant-and-traveler.-His-accounts-of-his-travels-to- China-offered-Europeans-a-firsthand-view-of-Asian-lands-and-stimulated-interest-in-Asian- trade. Martin-Luther---ans-✔✔A-German-monk-who-became-one-of-the-most-famous-critics-of- the-Roman-Catholic-Chruch.-In-1517,-he-wrote- 95 - theses,-or-statements-of-belief- attacking-the-church-practices. Militant-Socialism---ans-✔✔Forceful-seizure-of-governmental-power Ming-Dynasty---ans-✔✔A-major-dynasty-that-ruled-China-from-the-mid-fourteenth-to-the- mid-seventeenth-century.The-ousted-the-Mongols.-It-was-marked-by-a-great-expansion-of- Chinese-commerce-into-East-Africa,-the-Middle-East,-and-Southeast-Asia
Minoan-Civilization---ans-✔✔An-advanced-civilization-that-developed-on-the-island-of- Crete-around- 2500 - BCE-based-its-prosperity Mississippian-Culture---ans-✔✔Last-of-the-mound-building-cultures-of-North-America;- flourished-between- 800 - and- 1300 - C.E.;-featured-large-towns-and-ceremonial-centers;- lacked-stone-architecture-of-Central-America. Mohammad---ans-✔✔The-Founder-of-Islam.-Muslims-believe-that-Mohammad-was-God's- last-Prophet-and-that-he-received-the-word-of-God-from-the-angel-Gabriel. Mongols---ans-✔✔A-people-of-this-name-is-mentioned-as-early-as-the-records-of-the-Tang- Empire,-living-as-nomads-in-northern-Eurasia.-After- 1206 - they-established-an-enormous- empire-under-Genghis-Khan,-linking-western-and-eastern-Eurasia. Mughuls---ans-✔✔These-people-united-and-ruled-most-of-India.-After-Babur-invaded- India,-Akbar-became-the-main-ruler-of-this-kind.-They-were-great-builders-Taj-Mahal,-but- their-empire-declined-quickly-(by-1750). Mycenaean-Civilization---ans-✔✔A-more-militaristic-civilization-then-Minoans,-they-traded- and-raided,-turning-on-their-Minoan-teachers,-helping-to-destroy-Crete. Napoleon-Bonepart---ans-✔✔Military-Genius-of-France,-who-later-became-a-dictator-and- eventually-overthrown.-He-sold-the-west-land-(Louisiana)-to-the-United-States-for-a-very- cheap-price-doubling-the-land-of-America. Neoclassicism---ans-✔✔revival-of-a-classical-style-in-art-or-literature-or-architecture-or- music-but-from-a-new-perspective-or-with-a-new-motivation Neoplatonism---ans-✔✔A-system-of-philosophical-and-religious-doctrines-composed-of- elements-of-Platonism-and-Aristotelianism-and-oriental-mysticism Ninety-Theses---ans-✔✔This-was-the-letter-Martin-Luther-wrote-to-Archbishop-Albert- which-explained-that-indulgences-undermined-the-seriousness-of-the-sacrament-of- penance. Nomadic---ans-✔✔characterized-by-moving-about-from-place-to-place-as-nomads Norman-Conquest---ans-✔✔the-invasion-and-settlement-of-England-by-the-Normans- following-the-Battle-of-Hastings-(1066) Oligarthy---ans-✔✔a-government-in-which-power-is-in-the-hands-of-a-few-people-- especially-one-in-which-rule-is-based-upon-wealth.
Scholasticism---ans-✔✔A-philosophical-and-theological-system,-associated-with-Thomas- Aquinas,-devised-to-reconcile-Aristotelian-philosophy-and-Roman-Catholic-theology-in- the-thirteenth-century.-(p.-408) Seljiks---ans-✔✔dominateTurkish-group-control-caliphate Shinto-Religion---ans-✔✔The-first-religion-of-Japan,-"The-way-of-the-Gods."-Shinto- celebrates-the-mysteries-and-unforeseen-forces-of-nature.-Animistic.-According-to-Shinto- beliefs,-divine-spirits-called-kami-are-associated-with-the-awesome-forces-of-nature,-such- as-rushing-rivers,-thundering-waterfalls,-etc. Slave-Trade---ans-✔✔European-trade-agreement-with-Africa-dealing-with-slaves-brought- from-Africa.-Integral-part-of-Triangle-Trade-between-the-Americas,-Africa,-and-Europe. Songhai---ans-✔✔this-group-from-the-east-of-Mali-built-up-an-army-and-extended-their- territory-to-the-large-bend-in-the-Niger-River-near-Gao-whic-became-the-capital-of-their- empire. Sparta---ans-✔✔Greek-city-state-that-was-ruled-by-an-oligarchy,-focused-on-military,- used-slaves-for-agriculture,-discouraged-the-arts.-Developed-a-totalitarian-and-militaristic- state-dependent-on-slave-labor. St.-Augustine---ans-✔✔The-first-great-Christian-philosopher.-He-was-a-sinner-and-did-not- believe-but-eventually-was-converted-and-he-wrote-CIty-of-God-as-well-as-Confession,-he- is-also-responsible-for-the-doctrine-of-Original-Sin Sung-Dynasty---ans-✔✔the-imperial-dynasty-of-China-from- 960 - to- 1279 Swahili---ans-✔✔a-Bantu-language-with-Arabic-words-spoken-along-the-East-African- coast Tang-Dynasty---ans-✔✔dynasty-often-referred-to-as-China's-Golden-age-that-reigned- during- 618 - -- 907 - AD;-China-expands-from-Vietnam-to-Manchuria The-Act-of-Supremacy---ans-✔✔This-was-the-2nd-law-passed-by-Parliament-for-King- Henry-VIII.-It-said-that-King-Henry-VIII-was-the-only-supreme-head-of-the-Church-of- England,-and-this-church-was-formed-from-this-act. The-Age-of-Enlightenment---ans-✔✔A-broad-intellectual-movement-in-18th‐century- Europe-that-advocated-the-use-of-reason-in-the-re‐evaluation-of-accepted-ideas.-Also- known-as-the-Age-of-Reason. The-Age-of-Pericles(460-BC-429-BC)---ans-✔✔This-was-the-peak-of-the-strength-of-the- cultural-and-military-power-of-Athens.-During-this-time-period-there-are-many-
philosophers,-including-Socrates-and-Plato.-This-is-also-the-time-of-the-drama-and-many- new-advances-in-science,-including-Pythagoras,-Democritus-and-Hippocrates.-This-is- also-when-the-Parthenon-was-built. The-Anasazi-Culture---ans-✔✔800-1300-developed-in-the-Southwest-&-the-Anasazis- were-skilled-builders-&-sophisticated-farmers.-Example-Mesa-Verde-Cliff-houses The-Assyrians---ans-✔✔created-an-empire-based-on-military-superiority,-conquest,-and- terrorism-(911-550-B.C.)--Military-techniques-included-siege-warfare,-intimidation,-and- the-use-of-iron-weapons.-Created-a-centralized-government,-a-postal-service,-an- extensive-library,-and-a-system-of-highways. The-Aztecs---ans-✔✔Central-Mexico -Conquered-much-of-central-Mexico -The-Toltecs-preceded-the-Aztecs -The-Aztecs-built-a-great-city-(Tenochtitlan)-and-ruled-an-empire -Religion-and-war-dominated-Aztec-life -Rich-mythological-and-religious-traditions -Architecturally-accomplished-(city-planning,-Great-Pyramid-of-Tenochtitlan,-temples-and- palaces) -Artistically-advanced The-Babalonians---ans-✔✔The-Hitties,-the-Assyrians,-Chaldeans,-and-the-Phoenicians.- Centralized-Government-and-advancements-in-algebra-and-geometry. The-Battle-of-Hastings---ans-✔✔the-battle-that-took-place-in-1066,-in-which-William-the- Conqueror-and-Harold-Godwinson-fought-for-control-of-Normandy? The-Caste-System---ans-✔✔-Originated-in-India-(1500-B.C.)-as-part-of-the-teachings-of- Hinduism -Divided-people-into-four-distinct-and-inflexible-social-groups:-priests-and-teachers;-rulers- and-warriors;-merchants-and-artisans;-and-peasants-and-servants-(the-lowest-caste) -People-who-did-not-belong-to-any-group-were-the-untouchables -Members-of-one-caste-could-not-marry-or-even-eat-with-members-of-another-caste -No-amount-of-success-would-allow-a-person-to-move-from-one-caste-to-another -Outlawed-in- 1950 The-Chaldeans---ans-✔✔Established-the-new-Babylonian-Empire-under- Nebuchadnezzar-(605-538-B.C.)-Conquered-Mesopotamia,-Syria,-and-Palestine- Developed-astrology,-astronomy,-advanced-government-bureaucracy,-and-architectural- achievements-such-as-the-Hanging-Gardens-of-Babylon. The-Code-of-Hammurabi---ans-✔✔a-collection-of-laws-covering-crimes,-farming,- business-activities,-and-marriage-and-family.-Many-of-the-punishments-were-cruel,-but- the-code-was-an-important-step-in-the-development-of-a-justice-system
The-Declaration-of-the-Rights-of-Man-and-Citizen---ans-✔✔The-French-version-of-the- American-Declaration The-Delhi-Sultanate---ans-✔✔The-Islamic-state-founded-by-Turkish-warriors-in-northern- India-during-the-13th-century. The-Early-Middle-Ages---ans-✔✔The-collapse-of-Rome-and-sweeping-advances-of- Germanic-and-Viking-raiders,-Europe-entered-a-time-of-chaotic-political,-economic,-and- urban-decline-A-struggle-back-toward-stability. The-Egyptians---ans-✔✔establishe-a-civiliztion-in-the-Nile-Valley. The-English-Civil-War---ans-✔✔A-war-that-broke-out-between-the-parliament-supporters- (roundheads)-and-the-king's-supporters-(cavaliers).-It-ended-with-the-execution-of-the- king,-Charles-I The-Fall-of-Rome---ans-✔✔Continuous-barbaric-invasion.-Internal-factors-included- political-instability,-decreasing-farm-production,-inflation,-excessive-taxation,-and-the- decline-of-the-military.-The-rise-of-Christianity-divided-the-Empire. The-Franks---ans-✔✔A-group-of-Germanic-tribes.-They-became-allies-of-the-Romans-and- became-Christian.-In-the-8th-century-they-established-the-Carolingian-rule.-Perhaps-the- most-famous-leader-was-Charlemagne. The-French-Religious-Wars---ans-✔✔A-religious-wars-in-France-that-started-because-of- the-Concordat-of-Bologna.-This-war-was-not-only-a-religious-war-but-a-class-war.-It-was- between-the-Huguenots,-who-were-Upper-class-intellectuals-who-were-Calvinist-vs.-the- average-poor-French-Catholics.-The-real-fighting-started-after-the-Saint-Bartholomew's- Day-Massacre-and-did-not-end-until- 15 - years-later-when-the-Edict-of-Nantes-was-set-into- place. The-French-Republic---ans-✔✔Prompted-by-Louis-Philippe-giving-up-his-throne,-this-was- a-new-era-of-liberalism-in-France.-Measures-enacted-included-freeing-slaves,-granting-all- males-the-right-to-vote,-abolishing-capital-punishment,-the-establishment-of-national- workshops,-and-the-enactment-of-a-10-hour-workday-in-Paris. The-Glorious-Revolution---ans-✔✔The-English-Parliament-drove-out-an-absolute- monarch-and-replaced-him-with-two-constitutional-monarch's-William-and-Mary.-1688,- change-of-who-is-in-power-without-bloodshed.-Established-the-supremacy-of-Parliment. The-Heian-Era---ans-✔✔The-Heian-Era-commenced-in-794,-and-was-a-time-when-Japan- gradually-stopped-imitating-China,-developing-into-a-distinct-new-culture.-The-new-culture- mixed-both-Chinese-and-Japanese-cultures,-combining-the-faiths-of-China,-Shintoism,- and-Buddhism.-A-new-writing-system-called-kana-was-simplified-from-the-Chinese-writing- into-a-phonetic-Japanese-alphabet.-By-the-twelfth-century-a-warrior-class-called-samurais-
dominated-the-Heian-region.-However,-the-warloads-did-not-take-over-the-emperor's- position,-but-instead-took-a-more-serious-lead-position-and-became-the-shogun,- controller-of-Japan's-armies. The-Hittites---ans-✔✔2000-1200-B.C.-conquered-much-of-Asia-Minor-&-northern- Mesopotamia;-a-major-contribution-included-the-invention-of-iron-smelting,-which- revolutionized-warfare. The-Holy-Roman-Empire---ans-✔✔The-collection-of-Papal-states-directly-under-the- control-of-the-Pope.-Included-lands-in-Italy,-Germany,-France,-Spain,-and-England. The-Hopewell-People---ans-✔✔were-skilled-farmers-&-flourished-in-the-Ohio-&- Mississippi-Valleys-(200BC-to-400AD). The-House-of-Commons---ans-✔✔The-most-of-the-power-lies-on-the-shoulders-of-the- House-of-the-Commons.-The-Commons-is-elected-by-the-people.-The-commons-grant- money,-and-is-the-law-making-body-in-the-british-government.The-commons-pick-the- Prime-Minister. The-House-of-Lancaster---ans-✔✔Following-the-Hundred-Years'-war,-civil-war-broke-out- between-these-two-rival-branches-of-the-English-royal-Family,-Lancaster-claimed-the- throne-of-England-when-the-Hundred-Year-finally-ended The-House-of-Lords---ans-✔✔...The-House-of-Lords-mainly-consist-of-the-peers-and-the- people-that-have-inherited-their-money.-This-House-of-Parliament-has-slowly-lost-its- power-to-influence-the-system-of-government-over-the-years. The-House-of-York---ans-✔✔crused-by-the-House-of-Lancaster The-Huguenots---ans-✔✔French-Protestants-who-suffered-persecution.-Many-left- Europe-for-America-to-find-religious-freedom The-Hundred-Years-War---ans-✔✔This-was-a-war-between-France-and-England-between- 1346 - and-1453.-It-was-fought-over-land-in-France-that-each-wanted-to-control.-The-British- began-strongly,-but-with-the-help-of-Joan-of-Arc,-the-French-rallied-and-eventually-beat- England.-Two-famous-battles-from-the-war-are-Crecy-and-Agincourt. The-Incas---ans-✔✔-A.D.-1200- -Northwest-coastal-region-and-inland-region-of-South-America-Peru -Controlled-a-vast-empire-in-South-America -The-Tiahuanaco-culture-developed-in-the-Andes-Mountains-and-the-Incas-unified-an- extensive-empire -The-Incas-developed-a-sophisticated-record-keeping-system-and-were-highly-skilled- craftsmen
-Established-a-Confucian-government-with-six-ministries,-a-censorate,-and-other-Chinese- institutions- -Were-segregated-from-the-Chinese
- Forbidden-to-marry-Chinese
- The-children-had-to-study-their-language
- No-footbinding Followed-a-policy-of-Isolationism. The-Mayas---ans-✔✔-A.D.-250- -Yucatan-peninsula -Achieved-a-complex-civilization -Maya-cities-were-trade-and-religious-centers -The-Mayas-excelled-in-many-fields,-including-mathematics,-science,-astronomy,-and- engineering-(pyramid-building) -Only-known-written-language-of-pre-Columbian-Americas -Sophisticated-art -Monumental-architecture-(Tikal,-Palenque) The-Middle-Ages---ans-✔✔a-period-in-European-history,-between-about- 1000 - AD-and- 1500 - AD,-when-the-power-of-kings,-people-of-high-rank-and-the-Christian-Church-was- strong The-Mongols---ans-✔✔Were-United-by-Genghis-Khan-to-capture-all-of-asia,-which-they- did-except-for-India.-Asia-under-Mongolian-ruler-till-grandson-of-Gings-(Kublai)-died-and- there-was-an-overturning. The-Muslim-Empire---ans-✔✔the-rise-of-Islam The-Near-East---ans-✔✔Comprised-the-Tigris-&-Euphrates-Valley,-the-Fertile-Crescent,- and-The-Nile-Valley.-They-had-the-first-system-of-independent-states-and-writing.- Architectural-achievements-are-the-ziggurat-&-pyramid.-the-first-codification-of-law.-the- first-lasting-monotheism. The-Nile---ans-✔✔River-that-provided-for-the-needs-of-Ancient-Egyptians-and-made-their- great-civilization-possible.-Agriculture-was-the-bases-of-the-Egyptian-Society. The-Olmec---ans-✔✔-1200-400-B.C. South-central-Mexico -Developed-one-of-the-first-civilizations-in-Mesoamerica -Developed-an-agricultural-community -Developed-the-first-calendar-in-America -Noted-artwork-in-many-media-(jade,-clay,-basalt,-and-greenstone) -Monumental-sculpture-(colossal-heads)
The-Ottoman-Empire---ans-✔✔Took-over-Turkey-from-the-Byzantine-Empire-and-strived- to-expand-its-borders-into-Eastern-Europe,-mainly-fighting-the-Holy-Roman-Empire-and-its- various-princes-throughout-the-Middle-Ages.-Constanople-the-center.-Over-time-it-started- to-shrink-and-grow-weaker,-it-was-dismantled-after-WWI. The-Palace-of-Versailles---ans-✔✔The-"Theatre-of-politics."-The-nobility-were-required-to- live-there-by-Louis-XIV,-beautiful-architecture-and-gardens.-Symbol-of-French-state-and- power The-Peace-of-Augsburg---ans-✔✔officially-recognized-Lutherism-but-allowed-Catholic- Priests-to-support-Catholicism. The-Peace-of-Westphalia---ans-✔✔Ended-the-Thirty-Years-War.- 1.-Recognized-independent-authority-of-German-princes.-2.-Allowed-France-to-intervene- in-German-affairs.-3.-Pope-couldn't-participate-in-German-religious-affiars. The-Pelponnesian-War---ans-✔✔Athens-vs-Sparta,-Sparta-won-but-both-were-devastated- unable-to-unite-Greed-city-states. The-Persians---ans-✔✔-Attempted-to-unify-the-entire-Near-East-under-one-rule-(500s- B.C.) -Established-an-international-government -Zoroastrianism,-an-ethical-religion-based-on-concepts-of-good-and-evil -Failed-to-conquer-the-Greeks;-Persia-was-eventually-conquered-by-Alexander-the-Great- (334-331-B.C.) The-Phoenicians---ans-✔✔-Became-the-first-explorers,-traders,-and-colonizers-of-the- ancient-world;-their-civilization-reached-its-peak-in- 1000 - B.C. -Greatest-seafaring-civilization-in-the-ancient-world -Developed-extensive-trade-networks-throughout-the-Mediterranean-and-set-up-distant- trade-networks-and-trading-colonies-such-as-Tyre-and-Sidon -Invented-the-first-true-alphabet -Dominated-the-Mediterranean-commerce-and-exported-manufactured-glass-and-purple- dye-(royal-purple) The-Protestant-Reformation---ans-✔✔16th-century-religious-movement-led-by-Martin- Luther-that-sought-to-reform-the-Roman-Catholic-Church-and-led-to-the-formation-of- Protestantism The-Puritan-Revolution---ans-✔✔A-lesser-used-title-for-the-English-Civil-War. The-Reconquista---ans-✔✔the-seven-and-a-half-century-long-process-by-which- Christians-reconquered-the-Iberian-peninsula-modern-Portugal-and-Spain-from-the- Muslim-and-Moorish-states-of-Al-Ándalus
The-Thirty-Years-War---ans-✔✔A-war-that-occurred-between- 1618 - and-1648;-it-was- mainly-a-civil-war-in-Germany-and-the-Holy-Roman-Empire-over-religious-and-political- issues;-it-also-involved-the-countries-of-Spain,-France,-Denmark,-and-Sweden The-Viking-Invasions---ans-✔✔The-Vikings-built-fast-ships-where-they-would-ship-men- and-cargo-from-their-land-to-charlemagnes-empire-to-pilage-and-plunder. The-War-of-the-Roses---ans-✔✔This-war-was-between-Aristocrats-and-Nobles.-The- Nobles-wanted-to-control-the-throne-so-the-first-Tudor-King,-Henry-VII-took-the-throne-in- 1485.-He-abolished-the-Noble's-private-armies. Tokugawa-Shogunate---ans-✔✔Japanese-ruling-dynasty-that-strove-to-isolate-it-from- foreign-influences.-shogunate-started-by-Tokugawa-Leyasu;- 4 - class-system,-warriors,- farmers,-artisans,-merchants;-Japan's-ports-were-closed-off;-wanted-to-create-their-own- culture;-illegal-to-fight;-merchants-became-rich-because-domestic-trade-flourished- because-fighting-was-illegal;-had-new-forms-of-art---kabuki-and-geishas Tribal-Organization---ans-✔✔Organization-with-midsize-societies-ranging-from-a-few- hundred-to-a-few-thousand-people,-with-somewhat-more-power-available-to-leaders. Turks---ans-✔✔a-new-group-of-nomads-that-drove-the-tang-armies-out-of-central-Asia-and- took-control-of-the-silk-roads.-because-of-this-chinas-economy-was-damaged Umayyad---ans-✔✔Clan-of-Quraysh-that-dominated-politics-and-commercial-economy-of- Mecca;-clan-later-able-to-establish-dynasty-as-rulers-of-Islam Voltaire---ans-✔✔French-philosopher-and-writer-whose-works-epitomize-the-Age-of- Enlightenment,-often-attacking-injustice-and-intolerance Ziggurat---ans-✔✔a-rectangular-tiered-temple-or-terraced-mound-erected-by-the-ancient- Assyrians-and-Babylonians-and-was-the-center-of-community-life.
