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CSET Multiple Subject Subtest 2 Fraction to Decimal Correct Ans - 2/4=1/2=0. Percent to a fraction Correct Ans - 12% = 12/ Fractions with Common Denominator Correct Ans - 2/3 x 3/4 x 1/2 = 16/24, 18/24/, 12/ Fraction on a Number Line Correct Ans - 11/16 (Please excuse my dear aunt sally) Distributive Property Correct Ans - A( B + C) Commutitive Property Correct Ans - A + B = B + A Associative Property Correct Ans - A + (B + C) = (A + B) + C A Perfect square Correct Ans - Square Root of 144 is 12 Additive Inverse Property Correct Ans - 4 + -4 = 0 Multiplicitive Inverse Property Correct Ans - 4 x 1/4 = 1 Function Correct Ans - Function w/out exponent generally produces a straight line (Stem Line). Function with exponent generally produces a curved line
Slope Formula Correct Ans - y=mx+b rise/run or change in y over change in x Factoring Equations Correct Ans - (3x + 3y + z) + 2 ( x+y+z) = 5 (x + y + z) Slope Formula 2 Correct Ans - y2-y1/x2-x Y Intercept Correct Ans - the point where the line crosses the y axis the value for y when x=0. Ratio Correct Ans - A comparison of two quantities. 2 choc. chips/every 4 oatmeal cookies Ratios Cont. Correct Ans - When we know two rations are proportionate, and we have 3 of 4 quantities, we can solve for the 4th using cross multiplication. Ex. Alicia is using a garden hose to fill a pool. For every 2 min = 3 in of water. How long if she wants 2 ft depth? 2/3 = x/21 = 3x = 42. X = 14 min. Parabola Formula Correct Ans - The U-shaped graph of a quadratic function Parabula Formula Inequalities Correct Ans - a mathematical sentence involving <, >, or = plus < or >. Solve: 5. -3x - When graphing inequalities, begin by graphing the line then determine the shading (+ up, - down).
Parallel Lines Correct Ans - lines in the same plane that never intersect Equilateral Triangle Correct Ans - A triangle with three congruent sides Area of a Circle Circumference of a Circle Correct Ans - A=πr² Area = pi r^ Circumference= 2 pi r Area of a Triangle Perimeter of a Triangle Correct Ans - A=1/2bh Sum of all Sides Irregular Triangle Correct Ans - No sides have equal lengths and angles Isosceles Triangle Correct Ans - A triangle that has 2 equal sides. Area of a Rectangle Perimeter of a Rectangle Correct Ans - A=lw 2L + 2W Area of a Square Perimeter of a Square Correct Ans - A=s² 4 X S Area of a Parallelogram
Perimeter of a Parallelogram Correct Ans - A=bh 2L + 2W Area of a Trapazoid Perimeter of a Trapazoid Correct Ans - A=1/2(b1+b2)h Sum of all sides. Pathagorean Theorem Correct Ans - a²+b²=c² Volume Formula Correct Ans - length x width x height Probability Correct Ans - The number of ways to get desired outcome Total possible outcomes. Probability of Multiple Complementary Events Correct Ans - Two or more things happening at the same time, that somehow complimenting or affecting one another. Ex. Rolling 2 dice at the same time. What are the # of ways both dice add up to 2? D1: 1,2,3,4,5. D2: 5,4,3,2,1. =6/36 = 1/6. Ex. What is the probability that the values will add up to a total of 7? Probability using Spinners Correct Ans - What is the probability that the values shown will add up to a total of 6? Sp1: 1,2,3,4. Sp2: 1,2,3,4,5,6 ** Which pairs add up to 6? = 4/24 = 1/6. Which pair of spinners gives the greatest probability that the values shown will add up to an even/odd number?
Mode: Which value occurs the most/frequently. Outliers: Inconsistency of members distributed. Use Median to solve. NGSS Scientific Method` Correct Ans - 1. State the problem
- Form Hypothesis
- Experiment and Observe
- Interpret Data
- Draw Conclusions Matter Correct Ans - Anything that has mass & takes up space Law of Conservation Correct Ans - Matter cannot be created/destroys. It simply changes forms Element Correct Ans - A substance that cannot e separated into simpler substances by chemical means. Atom Correct Ans - Smallest unit of an element that still has the properties of that element. Composed of 3 Subatomic particles: Protons, Neutrons, Electrons Protons Correct Ans - Have a positive charge Located inside the Nucleus Mass = 1 AMU (Atomic Mass Unit). Neutrons Correct Ans - Have a Neutral Charge Located inside the Nucleus
Mass = 1 AMU Electrons Correct Ans - Have a Negative Charge Orbits around the Nucleus Mass = Appx 1/1836th AMU Balanced Atom Correct Ans - Same # of Protons & Electrons Imbalanced Atom Correct Ans - Ions can be + or - Ex. If more Negative people are in a room, the room has a negative vibe. If more negative particles are in an Atom, it becomes a negative. Isotope Correct Ans - If Atom has different # of Neutrons than its normal amount. Atomic Mass Correct Ans - The amount of matter that makes up an Atom Atomic # Correct Ans - The # of Protons an Atom has. Radioactive Decay Correct Ans - Most Isotopes decay back into their normal forms over time. The time required for 1/2 the atoms of a particular substance to disintegrate is known as that substance's "Half-Life," or 5400 years. The rate of decay slows down after 5400 years. Periodic Table Correct Ans - Atomic Properties: Organized by Rows Atomic # increases as you go RIGHT/DOWN. Chemical Properties: Loosely arranged in columns.
Boyle's Law Correct Ans - When pressure is increased, volume decreased and visa versa. PH Scale Correct Ans - A measure of the presence of Hydrogen Ions in a substance. It affects its propensity to bond with other substances. Less-More: Battery acid stomach acid vinegar and lemon fizzy drinks acid rain normal rain milk/water sea water baking soda milk of magnesium ammonia soapy water bleach Speed Formula Correct Ans - Speed = Distance/Time Acceleration = curved line Constant = straight line Distance/Placement = Up and down (jagged).
Newton's Laws of Motion Correct Ans - 1. In motion stays in motion unless acted upon
- F = ma
- Action = reaction Energy Correct Ans - The ability to do work Is measured in Calories Ex. Kinetic Energy (Energy in motion) Potential Energy (Stored Energy Law of Conservation Correct Ans - Energy can never be created or destroyed, just transformed from one form into another. Forms of Energy Correct Ans - Renewable: Solar, Wind, Hydro electric, Nuclear Non-Renewable: Oil, Coal, Natural Gas Natural Resource Correct Ans - Any natural material that is used by humans Albert Einstein's Theory of Relativity Correct Ans - Space and Time are relative, not absolute Quantum Theory Correct Ans - Matter and Energy have the properties of both particles and waves.
Radiation Correct Ans - Energy that is radiated or transmitted in the form of rays or waves or particles. Light Waves Correct Ans - Rays that come from a light source. (Ex: visible light-ROYGBIV) Rays that come from a light source. (Ex: visible light-ROYGBIV) Radio Waves Correct Ans - Electromagnetic waves with the longest wavelengths and lowest frequencies Infrared Waves Correct Ans - second on the electromagnetic spectrum going from lowest to highest frequency. can be felt as heat Ultraviolet Waves Correct Ans - have frequencies slightly higher than visible light; can damage skin Reflection Correct Ans - The bouncing back of a wave after it hits a surface Refraction Correct Ans - The bending of a wave as it passes at an angle from one medium to another Greenhouse Affect Correct Ans - The ability of Earth's atmosphere to hold and reuse energy close to the Earth's surface Gases get trapped in our atmosphere and warm the earth Sound Waves Correct Ans - a longitudinal wave consisting of compressions and rarefactions, which travels through a medium Ex. Car with loud Radio
When it is still, wavelengths are far apart. When it is moving, wavelengths crests are shorter and closer together. Simple Machines Correct Ans - The six simple machines are lever, pulley, wheel and axle, inclined plane, wedge, and screw. Characteristics of living things Correct Ans - reproduce, grow, respond, cells, DNA, energy (Home Organizations, Meet to Grow, Activate, Reach out, React, Rescue to Save). Homeostasis: Warm/Cold blooded Organization: Structure of life Metabolism: How to harness energy Growth: Mitosis Adaptation: Environment Response to Stimuli: Reaction Reproduction: Sexually/A-Sexually Animal Cells Correct Ans - Nucleus, Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Cytoplasm, Cell Membrane. (Natural Monkeys Run when too Close to Comfort). Plant Cells Correct Ans - 1) have cell wall 2) have chlorophyll/chloroplasts
- large central vacuole Cell Division Correct Ans - Process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells 4 Phases of Mitosis Correct Ans - 1. Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
Darwins Theory Correct Ans - best suited will survive, overproduction creates competition, variations within a species Life Cycle of a Frog Correct Ans - Egg-->tadpole-->froglet-->frog Taxonomy Correct Ans - The scientific study of how living things are classified Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Genus, Species Photosynthesis Correct Ans - Plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars
- Plants harness energy from the Sun
- They use Chlorophyl to absorb energy (why plants are green.
- Energy is stored in area called Chloroplast.
- Chemical reaction that creates carbs & involves h2o and co2.
- Breaks these two apart and Bonds onto the H2O = Carbon that is hydrated or "Carbohydrate". Plant Respiration Correct Ans - Breaking down a sugar molecule and releasing energy. Ecosystem Roles Correct Ans - Producer: Plants, Trees Primary Consumer: Rabbits, Gophers Secondary Consumer: Snakes, Lizards Tertiary Consumer: Hawks, Eagles Decomposer: Fungi, Bacteria types of relationships between organisms Correct Ans - Mutualism: Both members benefit
Parasitism: One member benefits, the other is harmed (Tick/Tapeworm) Commensalism: One member benefits, the other is unaffected (Little fish under big shark) Predation: Non-Symbiotic Relationship in which a predator hunts and preys. Osmosis Correct Ans - Causes salt to move across a permeable membrane from an area of greater salinity- to an area of lesser salinity. Ex. Blue dye into glass of water with white flower. 24 hrs later = Wilter light blue flower. *This is the same reason why Humans can't drink salt water. Lunar Phases Correct Ans - The different appearances of the moon from Earth throughout the month. New Moon, Waxing Crescent, Quarter Moon, Waxing Gibbous, Full Moon, Waning Gibbous, Quarter Moon, Waxing Crescent. Tides Correct Ans - the regular rise and fall of the ocean's surface influenced by the moon's gravity pulling on earth. When moon & Sun are in alignment = more extreme tides, Spring Tides. When moon & sun are pulling at Perpendicular Angles = less extreme tides, Neap Tides. Life cycle of a Star Correct Ans - The Solar System Correct Ans - Consist of the sun, moon, 8 planets and their moon, meteors, asteroids, and comets The Milky Way Correct Ans - Our solar system. ~100,000 million stars
Bodies of Water Correct Ans - Oceans, Seas, Lakes, Rivers, Gulfs, Bay, Lagoon, Strait, Waterfall. 6 Kingdoms Cell Classification Correct Ans - Archea, Eubacteria, Proteista, Plantae, Fungi, Animalea. Archea & Eubacteria Kingdom Cell Classification Correct Ans - Include ALL Prokaryotes (Bacteria). Also include Cyanobacterium (Blue-Green Algea). Protista Kingdom Cell Classification Correct Ans - Includes ALL single celled Eukaryotes (Bacteria & BG Algea). Have fully functional organ system and can get their energy through photosynthesis. Fungi Kingdom Cell Classification Correct Ans - Includes multi-celled Eukaryotes. Gain nutrition through absorption. Include mushrooms. Plantae Kingdom Cell Classification Correct Ans - Includes multi-celled Eukaryotes. Gain energy through photosynthesis. Have thicker cell walls. Animalae Kingdom Cell Classification Correct Ans - Includes multi-celled Eukaryotes. Gain nutrition through ingestion. Most are mobile at some point of existence. Bacteria Correct Ans - Single-Celled organisms. Found everywhere in environment. The earliest organisms to develop. -Live on dead animals -helps humans
- parasites- are harmful to organisms. Viruses Correct Ans - Lifeless until inside a living cell.
Are a Parasite and are a constant challenge in fighting off infectious diseases. Plants Correct Ans - Angiosperms- Flowers and Leaves Gymnosperm- No flower, but needles Human Biology Correct Ans - -23 Pairs of Chromosomes Diseases Correct Ans - Caused by
- Bacteria -Viruses -Environmental -Genetic -Occupational -Mental Digestive System Correct Ans - Mouth & Tongue break down food. Saliva begins digestive process. Esophagus carries food to stomach. Stomach mixes enzymes & breaks down proteins. Semi-liquid food enters small intestine & Nutrients are absorbed. Waste and undigested food enters large intestine then to Rectum, and out Anus. Skeletal System Correct Ans - Thorax: Ribs & Sternum Pelvis: hip bones & sacrum. Femer: Thighbone Patella: Kneecap
