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Analysis of Wilfred Owen's 'Dulce et Decorum Est', Lecture notes of Latin

Latin

An analysis of wilfred owen's poem 'dulce et decorum est.' the poem, written between 1917 and 1918, explores the horrors of war through the experiences of soldiers. The title is derived from a latin phrase meaning 'it is sweet and right to die for your country.' the analysis includes notes on various elements of the poem, such as the use of imagery, symbolism, and allusions. The document also provides information on the historical context of the poem and its author.

Typology: Lecture notes

2021/2022

Uploaded on 08/05/2022

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DulceetDecorumEst
ByWilfredOwen 
Bentdouble,likeoldbeggarsundersacks,
Knockkneed,coughinglikehags,wecursedthroughsludge,
Tillonthehauntingflaresweturnedourbacks,
Andtowardsourdistantrestbegantotrudge.
Menmarchedasleep.Manyhadlosttheirboots,
Butlimpedon,bloodshod.Allwentlame;allblind;
Drunkwithfatigue;deafeventothehoots
Ofgasshellsdroppingsoftlybehind.
Gas!GAS!Quick,boys!—Anecstasyoffumbling
Fittingtheclumsyhelmetsjustintime,
Butsomeonestillwasyellingoutandstumbling
Andflound’ringlikeamaninfireorlime.—
Dimthroughthemistypanesandthickgreenlight,
Asunderagreensea,Isawhimdrowning.
Inallmydreamsbeforemyhelplesssight,
Heplungesatme,guttering,choking,drowning.
Ifinsomesmotheringdreams,youtoocouldpace
Behindthewagonthatweflunghimin,
Andwatchthewhiteeyeswrithinginhisface,
Hishangingface,likeadevil’ssickofsin;
Ifyoucouldhear,ateveryjolt,theblood
Comegarglingfromthefrothcorruptedlungs,
Obsceneascancer,bitterasthecud
Ofvile,incurablesoresoninnocenttongues,—
Myfriend,youwouldnottellwithsuchhighzest
Tochildrenardentforsomedesperateglory,
TheoldLie:Dulceetdecorumest
Propatriamori.
NOTES:LatinphraseisfromtheRomanpoetHorace:“Itissweetandfittingtodieforone’s
country.”
Source:Poems
(VikingPress,1921)
pf3

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Dulce et Decorum Est

By Wilfred Owen

Bent double, like old beggars under sacks, Knock kneed, coughing like hags, we cursed through sludge, Till on the haunting flares we turned our backs, And towards our distant rest began to trudge. Men marched asleep. Many had lost their boots, But limped on, blood shod. All went lame; all blind; Drunk with fatigue; deaf even to the hoots Of gas shells dropping softly behind.

Gas! GAS! Quick, boys!—An ecstasy of fumbling Fitting the clumsy helmets just in time, But someone still was yelling out and stumbling And flound’ring like a man in fire or lime.— Dim through the misty panes and thick green light, As under a green sea, I saw him drowning.

In all my dreams before my helpless sight, He plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning.

If in some smothering dreams, you too could pace Behind the wagon that we flung him in, And watch the white eyes writhing in his face, His hanging face, like a devil’s sick of sin; If you could hear, at every jolt, the blood Come gargling from the froth corrupted lungs, Obscene as cancer, bitter as the cud Of vile, incurable sores on innocent tongues,— My friend, you would not tell with such high zest To children ardent for some desperate glory, The old Lie: Dulce et decorum est Pro patria mori.

NOTES: Latin phrase is from the Roman poet Horace: “It is sweet and fitting to die for one’s country.”

Source: Poems (Viking Press, 1921)

Thought to have been written between 8 October 1917 and March, 1918

Notes on Dulce et Decorum Est

  1. DULCE ET DECORUM EST the first words of a Latin saying (taken from an ode by Horace). The words were widely understood and often quoted at the start of the First World War. They mean "It is sweet and right." The full saying ends the poem: Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori it is sweet and right to die for your country. In other words, it is a wonderful and great honour to fight and die for your country.
  2. Flares rockets which were sent up to burn with a brilliant glare to light up men and other targets in the area between the front lines (See illustration, page 118 of Out in the Dark.)
  3. Distant rest a camp away from the front line where exhausted soldiers might rest for a few days, or longer
  4. Hoots the noise made by the shells rushing through the air
  5. Outstripped outpaced, the soldiers have struggled beyond the reach of these shells which are now falling behind them as they struggle away from the scene of battle
    1. Five Nines 5.9 calibre explosive shells
  6. Gas! poison gas. From the symptoms it would appear to be chlorine or phosgene gas. The filling of the lungs with fluid had the same effects as when a person drowned
  7. Helmets the early name for gas masks
  8. Lime a white chalky substance which can burn live tissue
  9. Panes the glass in the eyepieces of the gas masks
  10. Guttering Owen probably meant flickering out like a candle or gurgling like water draining down a gutter, referring to the sounds in the throat of the choking man, or it might be a sound partly like stuttering and partly like gurgling
  11. Cud normally the regurgitated grass that cows chew usually green and bubbling. Here a similar looking material was issuing from the soldier's mouth
  12. High zest idealistic enthusiasm, keenly believing in the rightness of the idea