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EMT Basic Final Exam Review
1. Which of the following refers to a program or process for evaluating and improving the effectiveness of an EMS system? A. System effectiveness management B. Total quality system C. Quality improvement D. Process Improvement Plan (PIP) ANS: C. Quality improvement 2. In 1966 the National Highway Safety Act charged which of the agencies with the development of emergency medical service standards? A. U.S. Department of the Interior B. U.S. Department of Health Services C. U.S. Department of Transportation D. U.S. Department of Homeland Security ANS: C. U.S. Department of Transportation 3. Centralized coordination of emergency medical access, transportation, and care most refers to which of the following? A. Emergency preparedness plan B. Resource management
C. Central deployment D. Tauma system ANS: B. Resource management
4. Which of the following agencies is responsible for establishing EMS system assessment programs? A. United States Health Services Agency (HSA) B. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) C. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) D. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) ANS: D. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) 5. Which of the following BEST describes the purpose of the modern emer- gency medical services (EMS) system? A. To have trained personnel respond quickly and provide emergency care on the scene, during transport, and at the hospital B. To have trained personnel understand the limitations of their training and "do no harm," while providing prompt transport to the hospital C. To have trained personnel capable of assessing and caring for injured and ill patients on the scene D. To have trained personnel knowledgeable in all aspects of prehospital care ANS: A. To have trained personnel respond quickly and provide emergency care on the scene, during transport, and at the hospital 6. What is the minimum level of certification required of ambulance personnel responsible for direct patient care?
B. Emergency Ambulance Driver C. Advanced EMT D. Emergency Medical Responder ANS: A. Emergency Medical Technician
7. What BEST describes the level of EMS training that emphasizes activation of the EMS system and provides immediate care for life- threatening problems? A. Cardiac care responder B. Emergency Medical Responder C. EMT D. Emergency Medical Dispatcher ANS: B. Emergency Medical Responder 8. What level of emergency medical training provides the most advanced pre-hospital care? A. Emergency Medical Responder B. Paramedic C. Emergency Medical Technician D. Advanced EMT ANS: B. Paramedic 9. What is a common term used to describe the items needed for Standard Precautions or body substance isolation precautions? A. Exposure-control plan B. Harm-reduction strategy C. Personal protective equipment D. Infection-control plan ANS: C. Personal protective equipment
10. Which of the following descriptions BEST defines the term pathogen? A. A study of the origins of infection and disease B. An organism that causes infection and disease C. A medication with a harmful effect D. An immunity developed after an exposure ANS: B. An organism that causes infec- tion and disease 11. An EMT should consider wearing protective eyewear when caring for which of these patients? A. A patient with a difficult-to-visualize scalp laceration B. A patient who was sprayed with mace by police during arrest C. A patient who is actively coughing D. A trauma patient who is covered in dirt, rocks, and other foreign debris ANS: C. A patient who is actively coughing 12. Due to the high risk of an unstable work environment, EMTs responding to a motor vehicle crash may consider using in addition to standard PPE. A. Face shields B. Heavy- duty gloves
15. Which of the following pathogens can live in dried blood for days and should be a major concern for EMS providers even while cleaning contami- nated equipment? A. Hepatitis A B. Tuberculosis C. AIDS D. Hepatitis B ANS: D. Hepatitis B 16. Which of the following statements about HIV/AIDS is true? A. HIV positive needle sticks have a 30 percent infection rate B. Drugs are not available that slow HIV from progressing into AIDS C. The HIV virus lives longer outside the body than hepatitis B D. HIV positive needle sticks have less than a 0.05 percent infection rate ANS: D. HIV positive needle sticks have less than a 0.05 percent infection rate 17. What is the name of the federal act that mandates a procedure by which emergency healthcare providers can find out if they have been exposed to potentially life-threatening diseases while on the job? A. Occupational Exposure to Blood borne Pathogens Act B. Ryan White CARE act
C. Communicable Disease Notification Act D. EMS Personnel Health Protection Act of 1991 ANS: B. Ryan White CARE act
18. What are the minimum Standard Precautions an EMT should take when transporting a patient infected with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)? A. Gloves B. Gloves, N-95 mask, and goggles C. Gloves, N-95 mask, goggles, and gown D. Gloves and N-95 mask ANS: C. Gloves, N-95 mask, goggles, and gown 19. Which of the following terms is best defined as "a state of physical and/or psychological arousal to a stimulus?" A. Homeostasis B. Eustress C. Distress D. Stress ANS: D. Stress 20. Which of the following is the form of stress that can cause immediate and long-term problems with an EMT's health and well-being? A. Eustress B. Distress C. Megastress D. Hyperstress ANS: A. Eustress 21. The term burnout is also known as a(n) stress reaction A. Delayed
24. When placing all fingers and the palm in contact with the object being lifted, you are using which of the following? A. Power grip B. Vise grip C. Lock grip D. Power lift ANS: A. Power grip 25. Which of the following factors should be considered before lifting any patient? A. your physical limitations B. The weight of the patient C. Communications D. All of the above ANS: D. All of the above 26. Which of the following is the correct position of an EMT's feet when lifting? A. As wide apart as possible B. Two feet apart C. As close together as possible D. Shoulder-width apart ANS: D. Shoulder-width apart 27. Which of the following statements regarding body mechanics is true? A. Position your feet close together B. Use your legs to lift C. Twist your torso while lifting D. Use your back to lift ANS: B. Use your legs to lift 28. Which of the following should you do when reaching for something? A. Avoid reaching more than 15 to 20 inches in front of your body
B. Avoid twisting C. Keep your back in a locked- in position D. All of the above ANS: D. All of the above
29. Which type of consent must be used by the EMT when seeking to treat a mentally competent adult? A. Unconditional consent B. Conscious consent C. Expressed consent D. Implied consent ANS: C. Expressed consent 30. Which of the following refers to the set of regulations that defines the legal actions expected and limitations placed on the EMT? A. Scope of practice B. Professional standards C. Legal standards of practice D. Protocols and standing orders ANS: A. Scope of practice
C. Call the patient's mother at work D. Allow the patient to consent as an emancipated minor ANS: C. Call the patient's mother at work
35. Your respond to a middle school for a 12 year old male patient who has been hit by a car.You get consent to treat the patient from the school principal. What concept allows the principal to speak for the parents? A. Informed consent B. Healthcare proxy C. In loco parentis D. Res ipsa loquitur ANS: C. In loco parentis 36. The EMT's obligation to provide care to a patient either as a formal or ethical responsibility is known as which of the following? A. Standard of care B. Scope of practice
C. Duty to act D. Legal responsibility ANS: C. Duty to act
37. You arrive on the scene of a 55 year old male patient. The patient's wife called 911 because he is having chest pains. The patient is very angry with his wife for calling 911 because he states he only has heartburn and adamantly refuses any treatment or transport. After signing the patient refusal form, the patient collapses and goes into sudden cardiac arrest. The wife is crying uncontrollably and begging you to do something. What should you do? A. Provide emergency care under implied consent B. Explain to the wife that her husband signed a legal document refusing care, and if you intervened to help him now, you would be breaking the law C. Provide emergency care for the patient only if his wife signs a document stating they will not sue the EMS service D. Respect his legal right to not have any treatment, regardless of how much the wife begs you to help ANS: A. Provide emergency care under implied consent 38. In which of the following situations should an EMT withhold resuscitative measures from a patient in cardiac arrest? A. The patient's caregiver presents a DNR order signed by the patient and his physician B. Family members request that nothing be done C. The EMT's religious beliefs permit withholding resuscitation, and the care- giver presents documentation of the patient's wishes D. All of the above ANS: A. The patient's caregiver presents a DNR order
hospital, even after multiple attempts urging him to go. Which of the following should you do next? A. Contact medical direction for orders to restrain the patient B. Fully inform the patient about his situation and the implications of refusing care C. Stay with the patient until he loses consciousness D. Inform the patient that he is having a "heart attack" and must be taken to the hospital for evaluation ANS: B. Fully inform the patient about his situation and the implications of refusing care
41. If the EMT is in doubt as to whether a patient in cardiac arrest should be resuscitated, which of the following is the best decision? A. Have the patient's family put their wishes in writing B. Consult with the patient's physician C. Withhold resuscitative measures D. Begin resuscitative measures ANS: D. Begin resuscitative measures 42. Which of the following situations BEST illustrates the act of abandonment by the EMT? A. An EMT who is off-duty sees a motor vehicle collision with probable injuries but does not stop to help B. The EMT resuscitates a patient who has a DNR order signed by his physi- cian C. An EMT transports a patient to the emergency department, leaves the patient in the waiting room, but does not advise the ED staff D. An EMT begins care of a patient, then turns the patient over to a paramedic-
ANS: C. An EMT transports a patient to the emergency department, leaves the patient in the waiting room, but does not advise the ED staff
43. Two EMTs respond to the scene of a syncopal episode. They evaluate a 50 year old male patient who passed out and cut his upper lip. The EMTs examine the patient and his vital signs are normal. The EMTs talk the patient out of an expensive ambulance ride and suggest he will save money by driving himself to the urgent care clinic for stitches for his lip rather than waiting all night in the emergency department as a nonemergency patient. The patient signs the EMS refusal form. The patient decides to see his own doctor the next morning but dies at his house from sudden cardiac arrest an hour later. Which of the following statements is true? A. The EMTs are not negligent because the patient signed the refusal form B. The EMTs are negligent because there was proximate causation C. The EMTs are negligent because the patient died D. The EMTs are not negligent because the EMTs have no control over the
protect people who are trying to help in an emergency
46. Which of the following requires training, polices, and procedures related to storing, accessing, and sharing patient information? A. COBRA B.EMTALA C.HIPAA D. HIAPA ANS: C.HIPAA 47. While documenting a call, you add a false statement that was made about a local doctor. This could constitute which of the following? A. HIPAA violation B. Degradation of character C. Slander D. Libel ANS: D. Libel
48. You respond to a bus accident with multiple patients. As you arrive at the scene, you are approached by a local politician who states that his wife has been involved. He tells you that if you will take care of her first, he will ensure you get the promotion you are up for. This becomes what type of decision for you as an EMT? A. Medical B. Ethical C. Financial D. Legal ANS: B. Ethical 49. While treating a patient involved in a shooting at the patient's vacation home, which of the following actions may interfere with the investigation of a crime scene? A. Using the patient's phone B. Moving the patient C. Using the bathroom D. All of the above ANS: D. All of the above 50. Which of the following is the EMT's primary responsibility at a secured crime scene? A. Taking notes that may be needed during court testimony B. Preserving evidence C. Providing patient care D. Identifying any potential suspects encountered at the scene ANS: C. Providing patient care 51. Which of the following information may be important to law enforcement officers investigating a crime scene?
